GOLD AWARD- STCt,MJ?PHOW 8G · Unit No. 14-:-American Philutclic Society ... for his study t o...

RESEARCH JOU :R.NAX.:. OP' EA:R.LY 'VV"ES'rElR.N :MAILS

.No.149 . VOL.XXXVII,. No.2

Quarterly Publication of the WESTERN COVER SOCIETY

Unit No. 14-:-American Philutclic Society April 1987

GOLD AWARD- m . . STCt,MJ?PHOW 8G

Express

Ocean Mail

Overland

Post O:f':f'ioes

....

CONTENTS Fran yOt.J" Editor Secretacy's report

FORT CLATSOP, OREGON by Alan H. Patera

OPHIRVILlE, PLACER COUNTY by Alan H. Patera

CALl FORNIA POSTMARKS by John Williams.

WESTERN EXPRESS FAKES by David L Jarrett

EARLYMAIL SERVICES IN CALIFORNIA Part 1: Before · tha·~old Rush

by Norma .L. McCumber

A CONtEMPORARY COMMENT ON THE PONY EXPRESS

by Alan H. Patera

Copy1·igh~d 1987 · Wf'sTERI'icoveR SOCI&TV

Territorial ·

.·statehood

Postal Rates

Postal History

1 3

4

8

12

40

43

48.

(ISSN 051 0-2332)

Advertising rates, per Issue: Full page $55.00; half page $27.50; quarter page $17.50 Annual Dues in Society: Patron $30.00; Sustaining $20.00; Regular $1 5.00

9877 £/mar Avenue, Oakland, CA 94603-2839

WESTERN EXPRESS

WESTERN COVER SOCIETY

ANNUAL BREAKFAST -MEETING

SUNDAY, APRIL :2 6 9:30a.m.

CATHEDRAL HILL HOTEL San Francisco

Reservations, Paid in Advance

$13.00

Send Check Promptly To:

Everett Erl e

9877 Elmar Ave., Oakland, CA 94603

April 1987

WESTERN EXPRESS

FROM YOUR EDITOR Alan H. Patera Box 2093

Page l

Lake Grove OR 97035

This issue of Western Express is even longer than t he last one, largely because of t he incorpora tion of the first installment of John Williams' "California Postmarks". This i s a truly impressive project . John is to be commended for widening the time frame for his study t o include cancels up to l935. While that date may seem "recent" to many of us , I'm sure postal hist ory collectors of t he future will be thankful that this groundwork has been done.

Every single one of you t hat has California town cancels in your collection shoul d compare your hol dings for Del Nort e and Tr i nity count ies to the information listed in these pages. If you have an earlier or a later year, a type of cancel ~ifferent from any illustrated, or a t own from which a cancel is hitherto unreported, don' t just sit there and gloat! Send J ohn a photocopy so he can update t he information. Please help make thi s a comprehensive listing, for the benefit of all l overs of California postal history.

This issue's "California Postmarks" presents Del Norte and Trinity count ies. The Trinity County sect ion alone covers 18 pages, and I think that it is not one of the larger counties . Therefore it seems likely that during the time that "California Postmarks" is a feature of Western Express, issues will tend to be as large or larger than the present issue .

While the inception of the postmark catalog is an exciting feature, there is more in this issue than that. For after all, we need a diversity of articles covering a variety of subjects and geographical areas . The article by Norma McCumber is the first of four that deal with early mail systems in California; and while parts of this

April 1987

s tor y ar e treat ed in great er det ail elsewhere , t he overview and continuity de picted in this group of articles shoul d be of great interest . The series on gold camps is conti nued with an article on Ophi r ville , and the Pacific Northwest is represented by the article on Fort Cl atsop .

I f t here are sub jects or areas of specia l i nterest that you would like to see covered in the pages of Western Expr ess , drop me a line . This is your j ournal , and it should be representative of the wide range of interests pursued by the members .

One suggestion t hat I have received i nvol ves the r esumption of reporting on auct ion r esults of western covers . I think this would be a fine idea if we could have some volunteers to compile the infor mati on . Peprhaps several vol unteers could divide the work to conform t o personal i nterests . Contact me if you woul d like t o participate .

WESTPEX

The 1987 WESTPEX is at San Francisco ' s Cathedral Hotel from April 24 through April 26. I call your attent i on to the announcement of the Western Cover Society' s Annual Breakfast Meet ing printed on the back of the cover page. I will be ther e ; I hope you will too.

WESTERN. EXPRESS Page2 April 1987

TREASURER'S REPORT

Again this year, your Society appreciates the confidence shown by those who choose to subscribe for Patron and Sustaining Membership. The additional funds secured this way enable your Society to proceed on an even keel. For economic or other reasons, some of last year's contributors have chosen to drop back to Sustaining or Regular Membership; on the other hand, there are those who have augmented their usual membership to become Sustaining or Patron members. (To those statistically minded, four dropped from Patron to Sustaining, one from Patron to Regular, and thirteen from Sustaining to Regular; this is balanced by thirteen who moved up from Regular. Some went beyond Patron to contribute substantial additional funds. They are designated in the list below with an asterisk*).

Rex J. Bates* David Beale III* Brad Casoly Henry Clifford Lewis Garrett Marc Haas Dorothy Hotze

PATRON

John F. Leutzinger G. William Magladry, MD Steve Meier Thomas M. Mills Dr. William J . Mills, Jr.* Dr. Clifford Moss Francis S. Murphy

King Parker, Jr. B.C . Pearce W. Ray Radford Col. Fred F. Seifert Henry M. Spelman III William C. Tatham*

James D. Jacobitz, M.D. Frank Q. Newton, Jr. Dr. Heinz A. von Hungen Robert B. Wale*

Dr. W.W. Bilyeu Kenneth Bridge Jack R. Chisholm Richard F. Curtin J. Leonard Diamond John Drew George Eastman Robert M. Ebiner Paul J. Eslinger Erving R. Feltman Martin B. Fogel Richard C. Frajola Dale E. Forster Stephen W. Hackett George W. Hester Fred N. Holabird Jay F. House Leon Hyzen Constant R. Johnson Leonard Kapiloff Karl Koons Lester C. Lanphear III Frank J. Liska Robert D. Livingston Howard A. Mader Robert Myerson

SUSTAINING

Charles Nettleship Ray L. Newburn, Jr. N. Leonard Persson Michael Rainer Harry J. Reck D. Anson Reinhart Helen J. Rhodes Stanley Richmond Louis K. Robbins Thomas Sargent Daniel R. Seigle Wade Shipley Richard R. Simpson Fred Smoot Webster Stickney Jack E. Stucky, M.D. Robert D. Swanson Glen F. Terry Charles L. Towle Irwin R. Vogel Warren Wagener Charles R. Waller Kirk S. Wolford Edward Weinberg Western Postal History Museum C.A. Whittlesey John Williams

WESTERN EXPRESS Page 3 April 1987

SECRETARY'S REPORT

New Members

#892 - Larry F. Ballantyre 1710 Wine Cedar Katy TX 77450 (collects Western Express companies)

#893 -Rex J. Bates 32 Sunset Road Bloomington IL 61701 (collects Oregon, Territorials & Express)

#894 - Phil Kay P.O. Box 12302 Seattle WA 98111 (collects: Hawaii;

NW early Stampless; Yukon; Service & Auxilliary markings)

#895 - Bob Summerell 9016 Stoakes Ave. Downey CA 90240 (collects: Western town cancels & DPOs)

#896 -Charles T. Woodbury P.O. Box 83 Mountain View WY 82939 (collects: Wyoming PH -Pre-Terr., Terr. & Statehood

#897 - Roy N. Pawlucki P .0. Box 2594 Kirkland WA 98083 (collects Expresses)

Changes of Address-

Forrest W. Calkins Box 1057 Grand Junction CO 81501

Marvin Chase 4407 So. Magnolia St. Spokane WA 99223

Gerald W. Clark 1410 Sandpiper Cir. #4 Salt Lake City UT 84117

Charles S. Deaton 2516 Drexel Houston TX 77027-3909

Paul J. Eslinger 320 24th Ave. S Grand Forks ND 58201-7504

Dr• Howard Harmon 3225 Avenido Reposo Escondido CA 92025-7255

Dr. Owen H. Kriege 211 Beauvoir Circle Anderson IN 46011

Stephen Morehead 4530 Merrill Ave. Riverside CA 92506-2302

William T. McGreer P.O. Box 391 Selah WA 98942

Jean Neil 1896 Mt. Baker Highway Bellingham WA 98225

Alan Patera P.O. Box 2093 Lake Grove OR 97035

Victor Smith 889 Mission Canyon Rd. Santa Barbara CA 93105

John P. Spence P.O. Box C Wofford Heights CA 93285

Wells Fargo History Room Dept. 92l,MAC 0101~026 420 Montgomery St. San Francisco CA 94163

Kirk S. Wolford P.O. Box 74 Clipper Mills CA 95930

Resigned

#582 Leonard McCabe #729 Fred Vogel #826 D.O. Calkins #866 Steven Miedziak

Deceased

#246 Oscal Salzer #431 T.P. Sargent

WESTERN EXPRESS Page4 April 1987

FORT CLATSOP, OREGON by Alan H. Patera

When the Lewis and Clark expedition reached the mouth of the Columbia River, it was late in the year 1805. They decided to winter on what is now the Oregon side of the Columbia River, on a creek that is known to us today as the Lewis and Clark River. For shelter they built two rows of log cabins, seven rooms in all, surrounded with a stockade 50 feet square. They called it Fort Clatsop , after the local Indians. Fort Clatsop was occupied f rom December 7, 1805 until they began their return trip on March 23. 1806.

Fort Clatsop fell into decay, but remnants were still visible when the first white settlers reached the area in the 1840's. Some of the earliest settlers along the Lewis and Clark River were the Shane family. Carlos Shane arrived in Oregon in 1846 and built a home on the site of Fort Clatsop in

1850. He attempted to burn the decaying logs to clear the site for his own house. Two years later his brother Franklin crossed the plains with the Gillette party and moved in with him. They had a daughter named Mary Araminta with them who was five years old at the time.

Richard M. Moore built a sawmill in 1852 on the Lewis and Clark River at about the head of navigation, just a little upriver from Fort Clatsop. In 1852 Astoria was an important town, and it was only about four miles away . However, it was on the other side of Young's Bay, and the Shanes determined a post office was needed on their side of the bay. An estimated 35 or 40 people were in the area at this time, clearing land and sawing lumber.

A post office was established March 10 , 1852 with Thomas W. Shane as post-

Map showing the location of Fort Clatsop on the Lewis and Clark River.

WESTERN EXPRESS Page.5

master. The name of the office was Port Clatsop; it has not been determined if this was a clerical error meant to be Fort Clatsop, or whether there were hopes that the site could become a seaport and the name was chosen with optimism.

In either case, the settlement did not grow, although one report indicates that 56 votes were cast in the Fort Clatsop precinct in 1853. Franklin D. Shane took over as postmaster on February 18, 1854. The post office was discontinued on February 15, 1855, probably at about the time the Moore Mill ceased operations. At this time also, conflicts with Indians drove people away. By 1856 the area was virtually deserted. The Shane house burned, reportedly in a fire started by hunters.

In the late 1860's Mary Araminta Shane married William Hampton Smith in Portland. They moved to the Fort Clatsop site with their 2-year old son Harlan in 1870 and lived in a tent until

built . The fort

April 1987

this time, but the location

north built site.

WESTERN EXPRESS April 1987

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~-

This is .the only reporte.d cover bearing a cancel from the post office at Fort Clats.op. It was .probably sent by postmaster Smith to his brother at the B~na Vistq pqttery works.

south side of Fort Clatsop and constructed a large pier there in 1875, near the site of the old Moore mill. A sawmill supplied wood for the line's steamers. After the road was completed the line landed excursion steamers there. At Fort Clatsop, passengers would transfer to wagons to be transported to the beach. The remains of this wharf are still visible.

Another post office was established at the site on March 8, 1876. William H. Smith was appointed postmaster, and the post office business was conducted in his home. His son Harlan Smith recollected in 1957:

"He had a desk in the front room of our home there, where he carried on the postal business; and there was a neighbor lived six or seven miles up the Lewis and Clark River, one of the farthest south residents of the neighborhood, who carried the mail. He went to town once a week with his double-ender, a kind of fishing boat, and he came to the house and got the mail sack, took any mail which had been brought in to be sent, and my father locked the mail sack -- I have seen him do it many a time -- and

gave it to him. And then in the afternoon he brought the mail sack back with the neighborhood mail, and my father opened it and distributed the mail, and the neighbors dropped in during that day or the next day, or whenever they got ready, and got their mail. Of course, the mail carrier, Peter Heckard his name was, did other errands, commercial errands, for the neighborhood."l

No town ever developed, but a number of families lived in the area that would have used the Fort Clatsop post office, t he Brailiers, the Barrows, the Heckards, the Stevensons, and the Jeffers.

In the spring of 1880 William Smith accepted a position as a storekeeper in Portland for the Buena Vista Pottery Works, which was operated by his younger brother Amady. Later he was to start his own Portland Pottery Company, using clay from his Fort Clatsop property. The Fort Clatsop house was rented out to the Stevenson family, who had taken up a claim upriver from the Smith homestead.

The Stevensons operated a line of wagons to carry passengers to the coast from the landing on the Lewis and Clark

WESTERN EXPRESS Page7 April1987

River. Louisa Stevenson was appointed postmaster on May 10, 1880. The post office continued to be conducted from the house until it was discontinued on September 28, 1881.

It is not known how long the Stevensons occupied the house. By the mid 1880 ' s the popularity of a beach excursion from Portland had become so popular that the Oregon Steamship Co. had to use larger boats, such as the GENERAL CANBY. The Fort Clatsop landing site was too shallow for these vessels, so passengers had to disembark at Astoria.

There may have been a succession of tenants that dug clay in the vicinity. The house was torn down about 1900. Small boats continued to use the Fort Clatsop landing until about 1905. The Oregon Historical Society erected a marker on the site of the Lewis and Clark quarters in 1900. Today the location is administered by the National Park Service as Fort Clatsop National Memorial. There is a visitor's center and museum, and a reconstruction of the fort occupied by Lewis and Clark.

~This passage is from a transcript of an oral history interview of Harlan Smith by the National Park Service. Thanks to Curt Johnson of the National Park Service for supplying the information used in this article.

Words to the Wise Western Postal History Buffs.

Check our Auctions

Our 9 Auctions annually often turn up choice Items and provide an excellent check on current market prices. The fully illustrated-much In fullcolor-catalog is tops in its field ~nd can't be beaten for the accuracy and completeness of its descriptions. Copies are free if picked up at our downtown San Francisco store. By mail, send name, address, and 1$3.00

If you wish to sell your collection, there is no charge for our advice on how to get top dollar-by consignment to our auction, by our direct purchase or by a private treaty arrangement. Appraisal fees, if any, are returned to the seller if the collection is consigned to our auction or purchased directly by us within 6 months. ·

«HARD nflLFFERS, 6JNC. Stampsofflllll/i()· StampAuc:rionsofitrtef(rity

127 Kearny Street, Smr F1'1l11Cisco, Ozlifomia 94/08 • Te/.{4/5) 781-5127

WESTERN. EXPRESS Page 8 . April 1987

OPHIRVllLE, PLACER COUNTY by Alan H. Patera

Ophir, the Biblical Land of Gold, was a name applied more than once to California gold camps. One of the early ones, and the one that lasted longest and is best remembered, was called Ophirville in its early years, and Ophir in its later years.

After John Marshall's gold strike the first prospectors headed for Coloma and started fanning out from there, so the Sierra foothills of- what is now El Dorado and Placer counties were the first to be staked for claims. The real gold rush didn't begin until word reached the populous East Coast, but in 1848 those already present in California were not inclined to wait to join the rush of '49ers. Just recently transferred from Mexico to the United States, much of the population of

California was Spanish-speaking, and many of the early gold rushers had recently been Mexican.

Thus it is that the vicinity of Coloma has garnered a number of names directly relating to the Spanish used by the first miners. Not only were Spanish words used to describe locations, but there were also mining camps known as Spanish Canyon, Spanish Diggings, Spanish Ravine, Spanish Corral, Spanish Flat, and Spanish Hill, all within a 15 mile radius of Coloma .

A lot of names got changed when the wave of '49ers hit the foothills. In 1850 Spanish Corral consisted of one log cabin; but Charles Giles of Ohio thought it looked like a likely spot. He renamed it Ophir and began digging. The discovery of rich placer deposits soon

~~~~X~E~~~~~~~7";~~~~~.: . This map shows .the location of Ophir (Qphirville) on Auburn Ravine. Auburn is just off the map to the right,. Newcastle is .just off the map at the lower left. USGS 1:24,000

WESTERN EXPRESS Page 9 April i987

Though the pQst office was called Ophiruille, this .early Wells .Fargo cover shows their Express office was .called Ophir.

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An 1860's .cover from Ophirville.

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attracted the attention of other miners, and a town of sorts developed. Early reports describe it as being scattered about the landscape with little order or design. The focus of the town was a few saloons, and there were no women or frame structures.

Ophir is located at an elevation of 700 feet on Auburn Ravine about three miles west of Auburn. The ravine is opened up a little from the chasm a mile east, but there are still steep

hillsides going up 300 feet on both sides of Ophir. It was the first camp in the area to officially get a post office when one was established with the name Ophirville on March 24, 1852. This date is the date of record for the first postmaster appointment, but the office actually began functioning earlier under the authority of a special Postal Agent. Clearly Auburn had a functioning post office as early or earlier, as gold was found in 1848 and the town had a

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population of 1,302 in the 1850 census. The official establishment date for a post office at Auburn was July 21, 1853; covers are known from 1851.

In 1852 Ophirville was a bustling place. Bancroft states it was the largest town in the county at this time, polling over 500 votes. Its importance is shown in the fact that only six weeks after Wells, Fargo & Co. set up for business in San Francisco, they opened an office in Ophirville, making it one of the very earliest Wells, Fargo & Co. offices. The agent was Charles T .H. Palmer, who later became famous as the agent of the Folsom office.

The year of 1856 may have seen Ophirville at its peak. At this time there were three mills with 36 stamps and eight arrastres in operation. Also in this year one of the Chinese workers uncovered a nugget worth $3,300. Even the stuff they were throwing away turned out to be richer than the best ores of many other locations; in 1859 a re-working of 33 tons of tailings yielded 107 ounces of gold.

By the Civil War the returns from known recovery methods did not meet the costs, and the mines closed. Ophirville had dried up, and not even the excitement of the building of the Transcontinental Railroad could save it, for the tracks were being laid a mile to the south on the far side of a ridge, and the new town of Newcastle had emerged to meet the needs and enrich itself from the rail line. A post office was established at Newcastle in the summer of 1864; the post office at Ophirville was discontinued May 11, 1866. The Wells, Fargo & Co. office also operated as late as 1866.

Ophirville was not done yet, however . New mining methods breathed new life into the old mines there. Gone were the days of being the biggest town in the county, but there was certainly enough activity to justify a post office. A post office was established on May 27 , 1872, this time with the name Ophir.

PLACERCOUNTYBRANCH -Wells. Fare & Co.'s IJtPBiiSS! I

1 JOINT STOCK COMP Aff.itDital. $300.000. ~c~~~~~!i_~==.::::~ --·---·- a»..uaO"Jr"'-.-, .....,..... .,................. ~'-·, .......

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""''I:V"Et11a_ Jra..:ra;c:.. ~ Ce». 114 11••'10.-ery Mt., K•• v,..,.,_.__,,. We~Hd Ht .. MMN•ekl•.

A very early circular mentioning the Express .office at Ophir. .

Ophir and its mines went about its business for the next quarter century, recovering not only gold but silver from the rich pocket mines that characterized the district. In 1902 the mining district had four mills . in operation, totalling 45 stamps. The town is little mentioned in contemporary accounts, but one news item from Ophir tells how some children playing around the foundations of a vanished building discovered a bag of gold coins cached by some early miner.

As long as the mines were being worked, Ophir could count on having a post office. The mines must have closed towards the end of the 1900-10 decade, for the post office was discontinued on September 30, 1910. Although a number of.pe?ple still reside in the vicinity, ma1l 1s supplied by Auburn or Newcastle.

WESTERN' EXPRESS Page 12 . April 1987

CALIFORNIA POSTMARKS (to 1935)

A continuing series

by John Williams 887 Litchfield Ave. Sebastopui CA 95412

This is the second effort in compiling a California postmark catalog. I do not pretend that these initial listings are complete, but with the help of you readers we might eventually have a comprehensive listing . Our plans are to first publish in Western Express, and update the listings as new towns, cancellations and dates ' are reported by you. When all counties have been completed the revised listings will be published in book form. Please contribute, even if it is only one item. I'm willing to do the work, but I need material to work with. The end result will be as good as you help make it!

In each issue I will announce which county or counties will appear in the next issue of Western Express. This issue features Trinity and Del Norte counties; for the July issue I am working on Kern and Imperial counties . Please try to send photocopies by the middle of May or sooner . For markings that are not dated, please note any backstamps or docketing dates to facilitate some of the guess work.

There have been quite a number of contributors already. I will say Thanks! to one and all, but save individual acknowledgements until the material comes out in book form. I will mention major contributors at the beginning of each county, unless it is myself or someone who wishes to remain anonymous. Special thanks is given to the Postmark Collectors Club for furnishing copies of the late Dr. Howard K. Thompson's cut square collection, and to Bill Kaiser, who did the job. That was one very large group of photocopies and much appreciated.

This catalog will . include both sending and transit markings. It will not include receiving cancels or marks from money orders. The exception will be when a receiving or MOB device is used as a sending mark. No mention of stampless covers will be made. Cancels from stampless covers will be used for tracings or dates of usage, but simply as a regular postmark.

Now a brief explanation of my description of postmarks:

1. Postmarks are assigned a permanent county number. The first three letters represent the county and the numbers simply a chronological sequence with enough space between for additions . There is no other significance attached to these numbers.

2. My measurements are center-to-center rather than outer-edge-to-outer- edge . This has proven to be more accurate as it does compensate for a worn device.

3. Postmarks ot her than manuscripts are measured to the nearest 1/2 millimeter and appear as the first numbers in the Postmark Column . r· have chosen not to trace manuscript cancels as there are so many different handwritings for the same office it becomes a fruitless project.

WESTERN. EXPRESS · Page 13·

4. The next and final measurement is the distance in whole millimeters between the first letter in the town name and the first letter in the state name, or whatever is at the bottom of the dial (i.e. M.O.B., Registered, etc.) The measurement is followed by the letter L meaning left side of the dial, per the following example:

I have used this method for some time now, and it up different devices more rapidly than anything I of.

shows know

S. The Value Code is probably the most controversial item in any work that includes one. This value is based on experience, cover census, town population, and desirability. Just for example, the San Francisco straight line is very scarce but not rare. However, it has commanded much higher prices than many truly rare covers because it is very desirable, and will therefore be rated higher on the value scale. This is true of many classic covers. Evaluations are based on clear cancels and sound covers. Anything more or anything less adds to or reduces these values. For example, advertising, corner cards, superb cancels, weak cancels, the stamp used, autographs, and even the address and addressee may have a bearing on the value. Postcards are worth somewhat less than envelopes; on the other hand, the photo on a picture post card could increase the value . Cut squares and rounds are worth considerably less .

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

VALUE CODES

- COMMON - AVERAGE -SCARCE - VERY SCARCE -RARE - RARE+ - RARE++

1 -5 -

20 -so -

100 -300 -500 -

- RARE+++ OVER

s 20 so

100 300 500

1000 1000

April 1987

WESTERN. EXPRESS Page 14 April1987

TYPE

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

a 9

10

11

12

13

14

6. Killers - These are a problem for me. I started out tracing the twentieth century duplexes. This included the common Four Bar and the Steel Elliptical Duplexes. Frankly, it became so repetitious that I decided to prepare Type Charts and just enter a type number in the killer column. Included in this issue are the initial charts for Four Bar and Elliptical Duplex killers. Please set these aside for reference, as they will not be published with each issue of Western Express. As new types are discovered I will update the charts, and revised charts will be published. At this point the charts are far from complete, but by the end of this project we should have a very complete and accurate record. Note that for the most part the Killer column is blank. The reason for this is that most are varieties of cork killers, and it is pointless to list them all . Unless there is something special you can assume the blanks are a cork type.

FOUR BAR DUPLEX TYPES

HORIZONTAL MEASUREMENT VERTICAL MEASUREMENT USAGE

23.5 13.5 1907-1926

23.5 13.5 1907-1919

25.0 13.5 1923-1928

24 . 0 13.5 1908-1910

23.5 15.5 1916-1919

23.0 13.5 1907- 1917

25.0 18.0 1917-1935

24.0 19.5 1930-1932

25.0 19.0 1911-1935

24 . 0 19.5 1931-1932

25.5 18.5 1926-1934

20 . 0 20 . 0 1927-1931

23.5 14.5 1924-

20.0 13.5 1931-

WESTERN EXPRESS Page 15 Apri\1987

FOUR BAR EXAMPLES

TYPE 1 TYPE 2 TYPE 3

TYPE 4 TYPE 6

TYPE 8 TYPE 9

TYPE 10 TYPE 11 TYPE 12

TYPE 13 TYPE 14

WESTERN. EXPRESS Page 16 April 1987

ELLJ:PTJ:CAL DUPLEX TYPES

TYPE MEASUREMENT NO. OF BARS USAGE

51 10.0 X 25.0 8 1915-1918

52 11.5 X 25.5 9 1907- 1915

53 12.0 X 26.0 9 1900- 1917

54 12.5 X 28.5 9 1899-1904

55 q.o x 25.5 10 1924-1933

56 11.5 X 27.5 10 1912-1935

57 12.5 X 29.0 10 1933-1935

58 13.5 X 32.0 6 1920-1928

59 14.5 X 33.0 6 1916-1935

60 14.5 X 33.0 6 1935-

61 13.0 X 31.0 6 1915=1916

62 13.5 X 32.5 6 1933-

63 16.0 X 34.0 6 1896-1902

WESTERN. EXPRESS

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Page 17

ELLIPTICAL EXAMPLES

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1\pri\ 1981

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WESTERN' EXPRESS Page 18

DEL NORTE COUNTY CREATED 2 MARCH 1857 FROM KLAMATH AREA

TOWN/NUMBER POSTMARK EARLIEST LATEST VALUE KILLER

April 1987

NOTES

CRESCENT CI TY C12 OCT 1853 -OPEN) CREATED FROM KLAMATH CO 2 MARCH 18~? DEL- 4 33 . 5 3L 5/09/57 4/26/61 4 DEL- 7 24.5 6L 9/06/70 DEL- 10 25. 5 4L 1/11/80 DEL- 14 25 . 5 6L 1/29/85* DEL- 17 28.5 10L 2/24/88* DEL- 20 27.5 lOL 4/06/93 DEL- 23 28.5 5L 10/11/98 DEL- 26 28.5 6L . 4/22/05 DEL- 29 29.5 9L 11/15/06 DEL- 32 29.5 12L 1/25/15 DEL- 35 29.5 7L 4/25/21 DEL- 38 20. 5 3L 1/22/31 DEL- 41 27. 5 9L 3/ 13/31

7/28/09

2/02/33 9/ 15/35

FERRY POINT <29 APR 1858 = 5 JUL 1867) NO POSTMARKS RECORDED

FORT DICK (31 DEC 1917 -OPEN> DEL- 45 31 .5 18L 5/ 27/18 DEL- 48 31.5 15L 12/23/23 1/20/26

GASQUET <29 NOV 1876 - 15 JUL 1902) C1 JUL - OPEN)

DEL- 50 38X23 6L 6/30/84 DEL- ·53 29.5 4/25/67 11/11/86

28. 5 13L DEL- 56 26.5 10L 1/01/92 1/25/96 DEL- 59 26.5 9L 3/08/96

3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

3 2

4 3

2 2

HAPPY CAMP (19 MAR 1658 -OPEN) INTO SISKIYOU CO IN 1867 DEL- 64 23.5 7L 8/14/79 3 DEL- 67 32 .0 9L 4/07/82 1/01/ 86 4

KLAMATH (3 DEC 1927) DEL- 71 32 . 5 17L 3/25 /35 1

MONUMENTAL (29 JUL 1904 - 16 SEP 1911) DEL- 74 27.5 4L 7/14/ 05 9/16/11 2

EL-52 EL-52 EL-56 EL-52 MACHINE EL-59

4B-9 48-3

48-9

T2 DOANE


DEL- 7 DEL- 10 DEL- 14

DEL- 4

c,E. N 7'" ~c, <;.. (t FEB ...-\ u -<

2.4 C A \-.•

DEL- 17 DEL- 23 DEL- 26

DEL- 32

DEL- 50 DEL- 48

DEL- 53 -DEL- 56 DEL- 59

= t

DEL- 67

WESTERN EXPRESS Page 20

DEL NORTE COUNTY

TOWN/NUMBER POSTMARK EARLIEST LATEST VALUE

REQUA (10 APR 1878 - 11 JAN 1883) <21 FEB 1883 - 28 JUN 1883) (29 FEB 1888 - 28 FEB 1970)

DEL- 79 27.5 13L 2/04/94 2/14/99 2 DEL- 83 28.5 lOL 9/19/05 12/22/10 2 DEL- 85 31.5 16L 12/16114 7/13/17 2 DEL- 88 31.5 19L 9/29/27 2 DEL- 91 30.5 7/20/35 1

SHAKESVILLE <12 APR 1893 - 29 OCT 1894) DEL- 94 27.5 11L 9/20/93 4

SMITH RIVER/SMITH'S RIVER (12 AUG 1863 -OPEN> DEL- 97 HIS 8/09/65 4/05/75 3 DEL-100 25.5 4L 6/05178 12/24/78* 3 DEL-103 26.5 6L 7/14/84* 2 DEL-106 26.5 15L 1/24/85 5/19/85 2 DEL-109 27.5 9L 2/09/91 2/25/91 2 DEL-112 27.5 12L 4/10/94 3/15/98 2 DEL-115 28.5 5L 9/19/04 7/30/12 2 DEL-118 32 . 5 16L 11/14/12 10/06/17 2 DEL-121 31.5 13L 11/16/26 2

TERWAH <21 FEB 1905 -RESCINDED 26 AUG 1905) POST OFFICE DID NOT OPEN. POSTMARKS DO NOT EXIST.

TURWAH <5 DEC 1898 - 31 AUG 1899) NO POSTMARKS RECORDED

WAKEFIELD (6 MAR 1905 - 30 MAR 1918) DEL-124 28 . 5 9L 7/10/05 11/02/12 OEL-127 31.5 17L 2/09/16

2 3

KILLER

T2 DOANE 4B-9 4B-9 4B-9

T2 DOANE 48-9 48-1

T2 DOANE 48-9

April 1987

NOTES

* AN ASTERISK FOLLOWING A DATE INDICATES; NO DATE SLUG, NO DATED BACKSTAHP OR DATED DOCKETING. THE DATE USED IS AN APPROXIMATION.


-2 -- -- -- -

DEL- 79 DEL- 83

DEL- 88 DEL- 91

DEL-109

1

DEL-124 DEL-127

April 1987

Q. (j

JUL 13

P.M. 1917

DEL-100

DEL- 121

WESTERN' EXPRESS Page 22 ·

TRINITY COUNTY CREATED 18 FEBRUARY 1850

TOWN/NUMBER POSTMARK EARLIEST

ABRAMS (12 FEB 1895 - 16 DEC 1895) (18 AUG 1896 - 9 OCT 1902)

TRI- 3 27.5 14L 4/24/97

ALTOONA (10 JAN 1876 - 4 OCT 1876) <20 OCT 1876 - 2 SEP 1880>

NO POSTMARKS RECORDED

ANADA (3 MAR 1898 - 30 NOV 1907) TRI- 7 27.5 14L 1/09/00

AUTO REST (13 SEP 1917 - 9 MAR 1920) NO POSTMARKS RECORDED

BIG BAR ( 7 OCT 1851 - 16 AUG 1872) (19 JUN 1874 - 27 OCT 1942> ( 1 APR 1948 - OPEN>

TRI- 10 32.5 lOL 2/11/59 TRI- 13 24.5 8L 1/10/62*

LATEST

7/07/02

1/02/05

TRI- 16 26.5 lOL 11/19/88* 11/07/89 TRI- 19 27.5 14L 5/14/94 3/28/95 TRI- 22 30.5 21L 6/15/08 TRI- 25 31.5 10/28/33

VALUE

2

3

5 3 2 2 2 1

KILLER

4B-4 4B-9

April 1987

NOTES

BIG FLAT (4 HAY 1935 - 15 OCT 1941> TRANSFERED TO SISKIYOU CO 19 SEP 1937 TRI- 28 32.5 18L 7/18/35 1 4B-9

BRAGDON ( 3 HAY 1898 - 15 SEP 1903) TRI- 31 27.5 12L 6/08/99 3

BURNT RANCH/BURNTRANCH (18 OCT 1858 - 18 NOV 1863) (27 JUL 1870 -OPEN>

TRI- 35 HIS 2/21/78 10/24/80* 2 TRI- 38 27.5 7L 8/26/83 2 TRI- 41 27.5 9L 6/25/92 9/27/97 2 TRI- 44 28.5 6L 3/26/00 2 TRI- 47 31.0 16L 4/26/09 2 4B-4 TRI- 50 31.5 15L 9/25/16 2 48-9 TRI- 53 31.5 17L 7/06/26 2 4B-11 TRI- 56 31.5 12L 11/25/30 12113/34 1 4B-11 TRI- 58 31.5 4/04/31 1 4B-7

BURRIS <20 DEC 1904 - 1 HAR 1907) TRI- 60 27.5 lOL 4/13/07 4 T2 DOANE

CANON CITY < S APR 1856 - 6 NOV 1857) NO POSTMARKS RECORDED

WESTERN. EXPRESS · Page 23 · April 1987

TRI- 3 TRI- 7 TRI - 10 TRI- 13

TRI..:. 16 TRI- 19 TRI- 22 TRI- 25

TRI- 28 TRI- 31 TRI- 38 TRI- 41

TRI- 44 TRI- 47 TRI - 50 TRI- 53

1

TRI- 56 TRI - 58 TRI- 60

WESTERN. EXPRESS Page 24 - April 1987

TRINITY COUNTY TOWN/NUMBER POSTMARK EARLIEST LATEST VALUE KILLER NOTES

CARRVILLE <31 JAN 1882 - 28 FEB 1943) TRI- 62 27.5 lOL 6/22/86 8/14/96 2 TRI- 65 27.5 8L 8/19/02 10/28/03 2 TRI- 68 31.5 19L 7/22/11 2 4B-1 TRI- 71 32.5 20L 3/14/16 2/09/17 2 4B-6 TRI- 74 32.5 18L 3/03/19 5/14/19 2 4B-9 TRI- 17 32.5 17L 4/14/31 1 4B-9

CAUTION (31 AUG 1901 - . 31 JUL 1913) < 8 JAN 1915 - 15 JUL 1938>

TRI- 80 28.5 llL 10/13/04 2 TRI- 83 31.5 19L 5/20/18 5/14/19 2 4B-9 TRI- 86 31. S 18L 9/04/25 2/16/31 1 4B-9

CEDAR FLAT (19 JUN 1879 - 17 SEP 1883) NO POSTMARKS RECORDED

CINNABAR (13 HAY 1895 - 24 OCT 1901) TRI- 90 27.5 14L 12/29/96 4/26/98 3 TRI- 93 28.5 16L 6/07/98 12/05/99 3

COEUR (26 JAN 1885 - 20 OCT 1896) TRI- 96 27.5 15L 9/12/90 1/19/93 3

COFFEE (31 JAN 1862 - 26 FEB 1867) (24 JUN 1891 - 10 JUN 1895) (16 FEB 1901 - 15 FEB 1937)

TRI- 99 32.5 16L 4/14/88 3 TRI-102 27.5 14L 9/12102 5/31/05 2 TRI-105 31.5 21L 11/19/15 2 48-9 TRI-106 31.5 19L 11/06/24 8/15/35 1 4B-9

COLERIDGE C22 JUL 1689 - 15 MAY 1907) TRI -111 27.5 llL 4/09/01 3

DEADWOOD C7 JAN 1886 - 15 MAY 1915) TRI-114 24.5 10L 10/16/86* 3 TRI-117 26.5 13L 9/10/87 3 TRI- 120 41X23 14L 12/31/66 3/26/69 3 TRI-123 41X23 2/09/90 7/22/90 3

40X22 14L TRI;-126 31.5 17L 12/30/91 1/23/93 2 TRI-129 30.5 3/05/95 1/06/96 3

29.0 9L TRI-132 27.5 13L 10/26/97 7/25/08 2


TRI- 62 TRI - 65 . -TRI- 68

TRI- 77 TRI- 80

TRI- 86 TRI- 90 TRI- 93 TRI - 96

TRI- 99 TRI-102 TRI-105 TRI-108

TRI-111 TRI-114 TRI-117 TRI-120

TRI-123 TRI-126 TRI-129 TRI-132


TRINITY COUNTY TOWN/NUMBER POSTMARK EARLIEST

DEDRICK <4 HAY 1891 - 31 DEC 1941) TRI-138 27.5 12L 6/01/92 TRI-141 29.5 13L 5/20/03 TRI-144 28.5 6L 11/13/05 TRI-147 31.5 21L 4/07/15

1 MAR 1928 - 31 JUL 1953> 32.5 18L 10/17/29

LATEST

2/21/93 1/27/05 7/07/09 2/01/16

DEL LOHA TRI-152 TRI-155 31.5 12/01/34 12/16/35

DENNY ( 3 OCT 1890 - 10/15/1976) TRI-158 27.5 14L 12/26/91 TRI-161 30.5 21L 11/12/07 TRI-164 32.5 21L 10/18/24 TRI-167 31.5 20L 12/09/30

DODGE C 5 OCT 1895 - 31 HAY 1908) TRI-170 28.5 15L 1/31/02 TRI-173 29.5 16L 4/15/06

DORLESKA C 9 OCT 1902 - 30 SEP 1916)

2/06/06 2/28/11 2/20/26 2116/31

VALUE

3 3 2 2

2 1

2 2 2 1

3 3

KILLER

T2 DOANE 4B-9

48-9 48-7

48-2 48-9 48-9

EL-52

April 1987

NOTES

(17 MAR 1930 -RESCINDED> DID NOT OPEN.POSTHARKS DO NOT EXIST. TRI-175 28.5 11L 12/15/03 1/06/04 3 EL-52 TRI-178 32.5 18L 10/10/14 2 4B-9

DOUGLAS CITY (23 DEC 1859 -OPEN> TRI-180 25.0 6L 2/22/70-TRI-183 25.5 6L 3/03/87 TRI-186 28.5 16L 2/20/94 TRI-189 28.5 12L 11/01/99 TRI-192 30.5 13L 4/17/16 TRI-195 31.5 12L 1/06/31

1/ 5177 12/05/90 7/12/95

6/25/17

3 2 2 2 2 1

48=9 48-14

EUREKA (21 JAN 1853 - OPEN) TRANSFERED TO HUMBOLDT CO 12 MAR 1853 NO POSTMARKS RECORDED IN TRINITY PERIOD

FAWN LODGE (21 NOV 1931 - 15 JUN 1937) TRI-198 31.5 13L 3/20/32 9/25/34 2 4B-10

FIVE PINES (24 NOV 1914 - 15 APR 1924) TRI-201 31.5 18L 12/20/15 7/31/17 3 4B-9

FOREST GLEN ( 9 MAR 1920 - 23 SEP 1978) TRI-204 31.5 14L 3/12/27 12/31/31 2 4B-9

1

WESTERN. EXPRESS Page 27 .

TRI-138 TRI-141

TRI - 164

TRI -1 73 TRI-175

TRI-183 TRI - 186

TRI-195 TRI-198

TRI - 144

TRI-155

TRI-178

TRI-189

April 1987

TRI-158

JAN 31

\902.

CA'-·

TRI-170

TRI-180

TRI-204



FRANCIS l15 FEB 1881 - 11 AUG 1887) C 5 NOV 1887 - 22 NOV 1897)

TRI-207 27.5 12L 6/27/63 3/29/95 3

GROUSE (25 MAY 1905 - 2 JAN 1907) NO POSTMARKS RECORDED

HAWKINSBAR Cll MAR 1899 - 31 HAY 1902) TRI-210 27.5 6L 6/27/00 5/31/01 3

HAYFORK/HAY FORK Cl3 FEB 1661 - 20 APR 1863) <27 JAN 1673 -OPEN>

TRI-213 HIS 8/10/74 6/05/82 2 TRI-216 26.5 lOL 1/16/82 11/03/84 •3 TRI-219 31.5 22L 1/19/93 2/01/94 3 TRI-222 26.5 15L 7/02/95 10/29/99 2 TRI-225 26.5 12L 6/17/04 2 EL-52 TRI-228 27.5 13L 6/24/07 2 48- 1 TRI -231 31.5 18L 6/10/09 9/06/10 2 48-1 TRI-234 31.5 19L 9/03/17 6/21/18 2 48-9 TRI-237 31.5 14L 2127/22 2 48-9 TRI-240 31.5 19L 6/13/30 12/01/32 1 48-9 TRI-243 32.5 18L 12/15/32 9/12/35 1 4B-9

HELENA (14 SEP 1891 -OPEN) TRI-246 29.5 16L 10/26/93 4119/94 3 TRI-249 27.5 15L 2/06/01 2 TRI-252 31.5 16L 2/15/18 2 48-9 TRI-255 30.0 11/28/31 1 48-7 TRI-258 32.5 18L 6/06/34 1 48=9

HETTEN (28 JUL 1890 - 31 JAN 1900) TRI-261 27.5 llL 5/18/92 3/09/95 3

HOAGLIN C21 SEP 1893 - 1 SEP 1936) TRI-264 28.5 14L 4/25/96 11/01/01 2 TRI-267 27.5 13L 5/11/06 8/27/09 2 T2 DOANE TRI-270 31.5 18L 12/03/17 3/14/25 2 48-9 TRI-273 32.5 19L 9/17/25 2 48-9 TRI-276 31.5 17L 11/23/30 11/02/33 1 48-9

HOBOKEN <19 MAR 1692 - 14 APR 1693) TR!-279 27.5 11L 11/25/92 4

WESTERN EXPRESS

TRI-207

TRI-222

CA'I,.,· TRI-234

TRI-258

oAG< 0 / OEC ~ 3 '

A.M. 1917

TRI - 270

TRI - 210

TRI-225

TRI-·261

TRI - 273

Page 29 April19S7

TRI-240 TRI-243·

TRI-255

- 1 -A.M. - -1908

CA\..- ·

TRI - 264

TRI-276 TRI-279


TRINITY CO UNTY

TOWN/NUMBER POSTMARK EARLIEST LATEST VALUE KILLER NOTES

HYAMPOM C22 OCT 1890 - OPEN> TRI-282 27.5 10L 8/31/91 3 TRI-285 27 . 5 12L 2126/94 5/04/00 2 TRI-288 27.5 10L 6/24/07 7/08/0 7 2 TRI-291 31.5 20L 9/05/10 2 48- 1 TRI-294 31.5 19L 9/18/27 3/13/28 1 48-9

INDEEK C29 NOV 1882 - 15 OCT 1883) TRI-297 26.5 13L 6/29/83 7/27/83 4

INTEGRAL ( 3 MAR 1893 - 13 HAY 1895) (24 OCT 1901 - 31 DEC 1903)

TRI-300 28.5 13L 4/26/94 4

IRMA ( 7 AUG 1907 - 16 AUG 1915) TRANSFERED FROM HUMBOLDT CO 12 SEP 1910 TRI-303 31. 22L 1/15/11 5/16/11 2 4B- 1

ISLAND MOUNTAIN (16 AUG 1915 - OPEN> TRI-306 34. 10L 3/09116 10/26/17 2 48-9 TRI - 309 32.5 7L 4/09/24 7/22134 1 48-9

JUNCTION CITY C19 AUG 1861 -OPEN> TRI-312 H/S 2/04/62 5 TRI-315 21.5 2112/66 4

13 .5 SL TRI-318 26.5 SL 3/06/84 2/03/89 2 TRI-321 28.5 llL 8/12/96 8/18/96 2 TRI-324 28.5 lOL 1/15/94 6/28/96 2 TRI - 327 27.5 4L 9/19/92 2 TRI-330 27.5 10L 3/28/04 6/10/05 2 TRI -333 31.5 16L 2/05/16 3/01/19 2 48-2 TRI-336 31.5 llL 1/10/31 1 4B-9

KUNTZ ( 3 OCT 1906 - 15 JUL 1913) TRI-339 31. 22L 9/13/07 2 48-1

LAKE MOUNTAIN (18 APR 1878 - 24 MAY 1878) ( 3 AUG 1909 - 31 AUG 1917) (28 APR 1920 - 15 FEB 1923) ( 1 SEP 1936 - 31 JUL 1953)

TR!-345 31.5 llL 1/17/14 2/18/16 2 4B- 1

WESTERN. EXPRESS

TRI-282

CA\...· TRI -- 306

TRI-321

TRI-285

TRI-297

CA\...·

TRI - 324

TRI-336

Page 31 April1987

TRI-288

TRI-300

TRI-315 TRI-318

TRI-327

WESTERN' EXPRESS Page 32 · April 1987


LEWISTON <24 HAY 1854 - 28 DEC 1854) (19 FEB 1855 -OPEN>

TRI-348 HIS 7/24/SS* 5 TRI-351 32.5 1/16/60 4

30.0 14L TRI-354 25.5 9L 12/23/68* 2 TRI-357 25.0X25.0 11/21177 S/14/86 3

22.5X22.5 12L TRI-360 30 . 5X30.~ 3/16/84 10/13/84 3

27.SX27.5 12L TRI-371 31. S 16L 8/20/87 8/24/87 2 TRI-374 35.5 2/10 / 90 6/08 / 93 3

34.0 22L TRI-377 28 . 5 18L 2/14/94 3/ 18/ 95 2 TRI-380 29.5 2/09/96 5/ 27/97 3

26.0 9L TRI-383 28.5 13L 1/08/99 12/19/05 2 TRI - 386 32.5 20L 12/29/11 11/27/13 2 48-9 TRI-389 32.5 6/ 02/ 17 2 4B-9 TRI - 392 29 . 5 llL 2/19/26 1 4B-9 -TRI-395 30.0 llL 12/30/33 12/27/35 1 EL- 56

LIHESTAIRS (27 OCT 1916 - 31 HAY 1928) TRI-398 31.5 17L 2/21/20 5/29/28 2 4B-9

LOWDEN ' S RANCH (10 AUG 1874 - 29 FEB 1908) TRI-401 25.5X25.5 8/16/80 7115/82 3

23.0X23.0 8L TRI-404 32.5 6/16/86 6/ 16/89 3

31.0 6L TRI-407 28 . 5 9/11/88 5/01/95 3

27.5 7L TRI-410 28.5 7L 2/13/99 2 TRI -413 30 . 5 13L 12/24/07 1 48-3

HAD RIVER ( 8 JAN 1932 - 31 MAR 1943) ( 1 NOV 1952 - OPEN )

TRI-416 31.5 16L 9/03/32 11/22/35 1 4B-9

MENDOCINO (19 OCT 1852 - 20 DEC 1853 ) NO POSTMARKS RECORDED

HESSERVI LLE ( 2 APR 1860 - 19 AUG 1861) NO POSTMARKS RECORDED

WESTERN EXPRESS · Page 33 Aprill987

TRI-351 TRI-354 TRI-357

TRI-380 TRI-371

TRI-383 TRI-389

TRI-392

TRI-395

TRI-413 TRI-404 TRI-407

TRI-416


TRINITY COUNTY

TOWN/NUMBER POSTMARK EARLIEST LATEST VALUE KilLER NOTES

MINERSVILLE (23 APR 1856 - 12 DEC 1864> C24 JUN 1874 - 30 APR 1954)

TRI-416 HIS 12/21/57 5 TRI-419 HIS 2/15/81 3 TRI-422 27.5 8L 5/13/89 4/07/96 2 TRI-425 27 . 5 7L 4/21/03 1/16/08 2 TRI-428 31.5 15L 7/22/15 10/08/21 2 48-1

ORIOLE <29 DEC 1905 - 14 DEC 1907) TRI-431 31.5 20L 6/29/06 10/16/06 3 T2 DOANE TRI-432 31.5 20L 6/27/06 3 2

PAPOOSE (10 DEC 1904 - 31 JUL 1909) TRI-434 27 . 5 5L 10/06/07 3 T2 DOANE

PEANUT (20 JAN 1900 - 12 AUG 1933) TRI-437 31.5 21L 12/24/07 1/29/10 2 48-6 TRI-440 32.5 17L 10/10/27 1/30/32 1 48-8 -TRI-443 32.5 15L 8/12/33 1 48-9

QUINBY <7 MAR 1907 - 15 SEP 1915) TRI-446 31.0 21L 9/23/07 8/02/10 2 48-6

ROSE LODGE (21 AUG 1930 - RESCINDED 28 OCT 1931) POST OFFICE DID NOT OPEN. POSTMARKS DO NOT EXIST

RUTH (3 JUN 1902 -OPEN> TRI-449 31.5 18L 4/08/07 7/22/10 2 T3 DOANE TRI-452 31.5 19L 7/07/13 10/31/33 2 48-9

SALYER (16 APR 1918 -OPEN> TRI-455 32.5 12L 11/29/24 2 48-9 TRI-458 31.5 20L 11/06/29 2 48-9 TRI-461 31.5 17L 3/14/31 1 48-9

WESTERN. EXPRESS Page 35 - April 1987

TRI-431 TRI-425 TRI-422

=t= = =

TRI-437 TRI-443 TRI-446

.lUL - 1 - 7 - -A.M. A.M. 1907 1913


TRINITY COUNTY TOWN/NUMBER POSTMARK EARLIEST LATEST VALUE KILLER

SEVEN CEDARS (16 HAY 1912 - 31 HAY 1916) TRI-464 31.5 13L 1/10/13 3 4B-9

SPRUCE (1 APR 1907 -RESCINDED 30 SEP 1907) POST OFFICE DID NOT OPEN. POSTMARKS DO NOT EXIST

TAYLORS FLAT (6 JAN 1874 - 5 JAN 1876) NO POSTMARKS RECORDED

TRINIDAD (28 JUL 1851 ·-OPEN> EST IN TRINITY CO AT LEAST FOUR MONTHS PRIOR TO OFFICIAL DATE. TRANSFERED TO KLAMATH CO 4/25/51 .

TRI-470 HIS 4/24/51 SA

TRINITY C24 HAY 1854 - 7 NOV 1878) TRI-473 H/S 12/18/54 TRI-476 HIS 6/02/56 TRI-479 30.5 11L 3/09/57

1/14/56 6/09/56 9/17165*

. TRINITY ALPS C28 APR 1928 - 30 APR 1954) TRI-482 31.5 12L 7/08/31 8/12/34

4 4 4

2

TRINITY CENTRE/TRINITY CENTER <31 JUL 1855 - 30 DEC 1872) TRI-485 M/S 12/14/56* 4 TRI-488 31.5 6L 6/22/57* 8/16/78 4 TRI-491 24.5 6L 3/07/71 2 TRI-494 24.5 7L 2/11/72 7/22/73 2 TRI-497 26.5 5L 10/10/85* 2 TRI-500 27.5 14L 7/11/85 2/29/88 2 TRI-503 27.5 8L 4/07/90 7/20/90 2 TRI-506 27.5 6L 1/03/94 2 TRI-509 27.5 7L 3/08/95 7/20/98 2 TRI-512 27.5 9L 6/11/02 6/10/04 2 TRI-515 29.5 13L 1/08/06 3/21/11 2 TRI -518 31.5 11L 12/19/14 2/10/19 2 TRI-521 31.5 10L 9/18/26 2 TRI-524 32.5 11L 12/19/34 1

4B-9

T2 DOANE 4B-9 4B-9 4B-9

April 1987

NOTES

3 4

UNION TOWN C19 OCT 1852 - 5 MAY 1860) TRANSFERED TO HUMBOLDT CO 12 MAR 1853 NO POSTMARKS RECORDED DURING THE TRINITY PERIOD

WESTERN EXPRESS . Page 37 Aprill987

TRI-479 TRI-488

TRI-491 TRI-494 TRI-497 TRI-500

TRI-506 TRI-509 TRI-512

=

TRI-518 TRI-521 TRI-524



WEAVERVILLE (9 APR 1850 - OPEN> TRI-528 H/S 4/14/52 10/31/52 4 TRI-531 40X25 13L 8/24/53* 10/04/53* 4 TRI-534 32.5 6L 7/15/57* 2/11/69 4 TRI-537 33.5X33.5 12/06/80 3

30.5X30.5 18L TRI-540 30.5X30.5 11/21178 9/27/81 3

27. 5X27. 5 llL TRI-543 26.5 7L 3/03/84 3/30/85 2 TRI-546 26.5 9L 1/01/86 5/01/89 2 TRI-549 26 . 5 6L 5/01/87 2 TRI-552 26.5 5L 3/01/88 11/21/88 2 TRI-555 26.5 6L 9/18/89 4/07/90 2 TRI:-558 27.5 9L 11/11/90 2 TRI-561 28.5 9L 10/18/95 12/02/98 2 TRI-564 27.5 9L 9/09/99 8/12/03 2 TRI-567 28.5 9L 6/11/09 2 EL-52 TRI-570 29.5 9L 3/11/07 9/19/18 2 EL-52 TRI-573 28.5 9L 10/29/24 9/07/35 1 EL-52 TRI-576 29.5 12/05/25 2

20.0 3L TRI-579 22. 5L 6/23/34 1 FLAG

WILDWOOD (2 OCT 1888 - 25 NOV 1893) TRI-582 27.5 10L 7/16/89 6/06/92 4

WILSON (5 JAN 1880 - 12 OCT 1881) NO POSTMARKS RECORDED

ZENIA (24 APR 1899 - OPEN) TRI-585 27.5 14L 1/05/00 3 TRI-588 30.5 21L 7/29/06 6/07/09 2 T3 DOANE TRI-591 31.5 20L 4/16/18 2 4B-9 TRI-594 32.5 20L 10/03/30 8/18/33 1 4B-9

NOTE 1 DOUGLAS SPELLED WITH TWO S's. NOTE 2 SAME AS TRI-431 BUT WITHOUT DOANE BARS . NOTE 3 READS TRINITY NOTE 4 READS TRINITY C (COUNTY> * AN ASTERISK FOLLOWING A DATE INDICATES; NO DATE SLUG, NO DA TED BACK STAMP

OR· DATED DOCKETING. THE DATE USED IS AN ~PPROXIMATION.

WESTERN EXPRESS

TRI-531

TRI-543

TRI-567

TR I - 579

TRI-534

TRI - 558

TRI-570

\..OW0 _1>' JUN ~

0 1S9~

C A\-.·

TRI-582

A lVI 1918

TRI - 591

Page 39. April 1987 --------------------~~~-

TRI-537

TRI-549

TRI - 573

JAN 5

C A\..,·

TRI-585

0~L1Y· TRI - 594

TRI-540

TRI -55 2

TRI - 564

--TRI - 588

1 --

WESTERN EXPRESS Page 40 .

WESTERN EXPRESS FAKES by David L. Jarrett

Illustrated are examples of faked Pony Express covers recently donated (as a part of a much larger group) to the Scrap Committee of the U.S. Philatelic Classics Society for their reference collection, housed in the vaults of The Philatelic Foundation in New York. They were all made 25 to 30 years ago by a master forger, who both addressed the envelopes and applied the bogus express and townmark handstamps to genuine stamps.

Faked California express covers (by Tandler in the 1890s) had been the subject of a well-illustrated article in Opinions II, published by The Philatelic Foundation, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016. Forged Colorado expresses were discussed and analysed in detail in a generously illustrated article in Opinions IV. Both books are available from The Philatelic Foundation for $30.00 each .

April 1987

WESTERN EXP RESS Page 41

Bot h the U.S. Philatelic Classics Society and The Philatelic Foundation are seeking similar forged covers -- of any kind for their respective reference collections . I t is desirable to remove such material from the marketplace so that future collect or s will not get burned and quit collecting . Persons interested in making a t ax deductable donation should contact Davi d L. Jarrett, a Trustee of The Philatelic Foundation and member of the Scrap Committee, at P. O. Box 1486 Gr and Central Station , New York N.Y. 10163 .

A.pri\ 1987

WESTERN EXPRESS

ADVERTISEMENTS

HARMERS INTERNATIONAL

SINCE 1918 THE PREMIER

AUCTIONEERS TO THREE CONTINENTS.

CATERING TO THE SPECIALIST

AND GENERAL COLLECTOR

New York

HARMERS · of New York Inc.

14 East 33rd Street New York, NY 10016

Cable: Harmerule New York

Tel. (212) 532-3700

London Sydney

Page 42

Postmarked Washington

J anuary 1987

U. S. COVERS

My stock of covers is strong in all periods from stampless to modem, Alabama to Wyoming.

What would you like to see? References. please.

Henry M. Spelman, Ill . P.O. Box 645

s., Anttlmo. Ca. 94960

PACIFIC AND WAHKIAUKUM COUNTIES By Guy Reed Ramsey

The history of the post offices, illustrated with photos, maps, and cancels.

Paperback, ·148 pages

$10 ~00 postpaid

THE DEPOT Box 2093

Lake Grove, OR 97035

WESTERN. EXPRESS · Page 43 April1987

EARLY MAIL SERVICES IN CALIFORNIA . by Nonna McCumber

Part 1: Before the Gold Rush

"From time immemorial men separated from each other have desired and have needed to communicate with one another. At first the means for sending messages were haphazard, were unreliable, infrequent, complicated, and difficult to maintain, but always there were men of faith and courage who looked for ways of changing the situation."!

This series presents. just some of the stories of mail delivery in California, from the Spanish explorations to the advent of the railroads, and of the United States Post Office Department, which brought stability to the mail service and closed a chapter on the most colorful time of mail service in early California.

The story begins with the Indians of California . The area now comprising the state of California was inhabited by sparsely scattered tribes. They had no written communication, but by the evidence of trails and trade · we know they definitely communicated with each other. There is evidence the tribes knew what was happening along the coast as well as further inland to the deserts to the east.

Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo explored the west coast of California in 1542 in his "Voyage of Discovery". The exploration was part of a three-pronged effort by Spain to gain knowledge of the lands to the north of Mexjco. To quote from Cabrillo's log: "Five more intelligent Indians came on board the ship, they pointed to the Spaniards, and indicated that there were other men like them, who had beards and had brought ballistas and swords. They indicated they would find the Spaniards five days journey away. Cabrillp then gave them a letter to take with them, (to those) who were further inland."2

It is supposed that the letter which was sent to the other Spaniard was to Francisco Vazquez de Coronado and his party, whose thrust was the second prong

of exploration, sent into the southwest near the Colorado River in 1540-42.

One wonders just what happened to that letter. It is mentioned as being the first recorded written communication into the area of California. It also points out the use of the Indian as a courier for messages. They were used frequently as messengers, but the contribution to the mail story of the Indians has not been fully recognized.

The Indian contributed greatly in another way to the mail story. It was their many trails that the white man used as the best route through the deserts and mountains. Thus the Indian role in establishing the early communication network was an important link in the evolving transport of the mails.

Long after the initial exploration of California, Viceroy Antonio M. Bucareli determined to .colonize the lands of California. In 1769 Captain Don Gaspar Portala and Father Junipero Serra arrived in Alta California. Father Serra stayed in San Diego to establish a mission for the Indians. Portola and his party continued northward to find the Bay of Monterey. His purpose was to establish a presidio and a seat of government for Spain's outpost in California. It took two trips of exploration to find Monterey. Portola's first step was to establish communications between the Viceroy in Mexico and the new colony of California.

The SAN ANTONIO sailed on July 9, 1769, departing San Diego for San Blas. On board was what might be considered the first letter from California. This

WESTERN EXPRESS Page 44 . April 1987

was Father Serra's personal account of the sacred expedition, penned on Presidio Hill. The letter was addressed to Father Francisco Palau, one of Serra's most intimate friends.

Ships sailed to California from San Blas and other Pacific ports, but they were infrequent and not at all satisfactory for bringing mail and supplies. The ships usually sailed from the west coast ports of New Spain in the spring and returned south in late summer . The ships carried reports and messages from the presidios and missions. A few private letters were also sent. The sea route was costly and time consuming, and only a few ships were available.

The missions kept alive the dream of settlement of California. Other Franciscans from San Fernando College in Mexico City were sent to California and new missions were established. Spain feared losing Alta California to other foreign powers, so the colonization and establishment of more missions were steps to guarantee control of the area. A line of communications was of primary importance.

The overland route from Sonora to California, which was established by Col. Juan Bautista de Anza in 1774, was significant and was used to colonize California. It. was the shortest route to New Spain, but its use was dependent upon the relationship with the Yuma Indians on the Colorado River. In 1781 the Yumas rebelled and destroyed the settlements on the Colorado River, and the route had to be abandoned. Except for the missions and the soldiers, California included very little Spanish population.

By 1772 there were five missions. Self-support was out of the question, making the expansion into California hard t o maintain. Still, by the end of the century, eighteen missions had been founded . Later three more were established, bringing the total to 21. Communications were carried on between the San Fernando College and the missions in California, with regular reports on activities at the missions.

What of the mail between missions and presidios? A trail connected the

missions and presidios, and the route of t his old Spanish trail is still known as "El Camino Real". Letters were often exchanged between the learned missionaries, mostly sent by mule or slowmoving caretas. The missions were established approximately a day's journey apart if travelling on mule back. The presidio at Monterey, being the command post for all California, often had need to send dispatches to the other presidios. These were usually sent by a soldier on horseback .

There was no recognized mail service, and only on special occasions of great urgency would messages between missions be sent by courier on horseback. One such message was sent in 1803, upon the death of Father Lausen, who was Father Serra' s successor as the head of the California missions. On this occasion an Indian messenger was sent to carry the news from Carmel to San Diego . He carried but one message, which was acknowledged by the head of each mission a long the route by their signature at the bottom of the letter . Leaving Carmel at sunset and riding through the dark, he pushed south. Stopping only to change horses and deliver his message, he arrived in San Diego in 72 hours certainly a tremendous feat.

On the opposite page is the first page of the letter carrying the news of the death of Father Fermin Francisco de Lauter on June 26, 1803. It traveled southward from Mission Carmel, and was received at the mission in San Diego 72 hours later. At each mission along the way the priest in charge signed the letter.

Near the bottom left Fray Antonio Jayme of Soledad signs, with the notation "This l etter arrived at the Hission of Our Lady of Solitude this day, June 26, 1803, at 7 o'clock in the afternoon."

Near the bottom right Fray Maxcelino Cepres at the mission of San Antionio de Padua added "This mail arrived here at midnight and leaves at the same hour. 11

Across the bottom Fray Juan Martin wrote "Arrived at 11 o'clock, and leaves at the same ho'ur, today, the 27th of June, 1803."

This is truly the earliest documented express special delivery mail in California!

WESTERN. EXPRESS · Page 45 Aprill987

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WESTERN' EXPRESS Page 46 April 1987

The distance from California to New Spain left California as a stepchild. Mail was always scarce and irregular, arr~v~ng either by ship or by the precarious overland route . Spain began to be plagued with upri sings and rebellions in New Spain, and had to turn their whole attention to these problems. Only occasionally would an Indian runner or a Spanish soldier on horseback be sent with a letter of great importance.

As a result of the War of Independence in Mexico, no money or supplies were sent to California after 1811. A series of rebellions from 1810 to 1821 perpetuated chaos. in Mexico, and as long as chaos existed in Mexico there was little help of any kind for California. By the time hostilities ceased in 1821 there was little money in Mexico to be spent on the far-flung areas of California.

Eventually Mexi co focused on the need to strengthen i ts ties with California, largely as a result of several raids along the California coast by foreign ships. Indian uprisings in the desert regions heightened awareness that the northern areas were vulnerable.

About this time a chief of the Copamaricopas traveled from Tucson to San Gabriel. He informed the authorities that he could take letters from Tucson to San Gabriel in 15 days . The first recorded service was carried in May 1822, when Jose Copamaricopa carried a message through the regions of hostile Indians.

Governor Sota offered suggestions for expediting communications from Mexico City to California . He commanded Captain Jose Romero, a cavalry Captain in command of the Presidio of Tucson, to undertake "the immediate transmission of mail over this route. This would open an inland route from Sonora to California again."4 Thus again an Indian played a big part in the transmi~sion of the mails, because the Copamaricopa trail became the best overland route to California.

The isolation of the Mexican ranchos led to little opportunity to read or write, except to sign their name for

marriage settlements. This resulted in a lack of demand for mail services from the people. Mexico held California by a precarious line of communications, serving mostly the missions and presidios.

American ships whaling in the Pacific began to appear in California ports despite the isolationist Mexican policy. The "Boston Men" found they could enter California ports under "color of distress", as· the need for water and prov~s~ons were provided as required by humanity and international maritime custom. It did not take long to discover that the Mexican Government could not enforce an isolationist policy. Mexican ships were scarce and arri.ved so seldom that it was soon found that American ships could be relied upon to carry the mail.

A law was passed on September 30, 1834, which secularized California. This meant stripping the missions of their possessions and their power. The lands and goods were divided. The law was later repealed, but the people who had seized the lands and goods did not pay any attention, and the repeal of the law could not be enforced.

The presence of American ships in Californi a ports and increasing numbers of Americans in California was instrumental in ending the Mexican domination of California in 1847.

John C. Fremont needed to send word t hat California had falletl. "To insure t he safety and speedy delivery of important papers, and also as a reward for brave and valuable service on many occasions, i t was decided to make Kit Carson the bearer of these dispatches which announced to the United State~ Government that its orders in California had been carried out."S Kit Carson was to bear the message from John C. Fremont in California to Washington D.C., literally the first transcontinental letter.

When John C. Fremont and Governor Andres Pico put their signatures to a document on January 13, 1847 the so-called "Battle of Calif ornia" was at an end . At this time California was in


political transition, which was described as part military, part civilian, and part no government at all.

The military took over during this chaotic period before some kind of stable civil government could be instituted. President Polk directed General Stephen Watts Kearny to start a courier service between settlements in California. Army couriers were dispatched twice a week in both directions from San Diego to San Francisco, starting on April 19, 1847. The riders followed the old mission trail, the El Camino Real.

The riders carried military mail, and on a limited basis 'some civilian mail. The riders would meet and exchange pouches at Captain Willis G. Dana's ranch at Nipomo, in present-day San Luis Obispo County. They would then

April 1987

retrace their steps to their points of origin. Mail from San Diego arrived at San Luis Rey by Monday late in the day, and at Los Angeles by mid-day on Wednesday. Santa Barbara would be reached on Friday night. The riders would exchange pouches at Nipomo, and mail for San Francisco would reach there the following Sunday.

This system was to continued 1848, when a semi-occasional service was established between Francisco and San Diego by ship .

until mail

San

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed on February 2, 1848, and California formally became a part of the United States. Just two weeks before that, on January 24, John Marshall had discovered gold in the foothills of the Sierras. This discovery quickly changed the course of California history.

FOOI'NOTES

1. The Post, A Universal Link Among Men, Vie-Ar t-Cite, Lausanne, Switzerland, 1974 (The quote was not written about mail service in California, but refers to mail services throughout the centuries, in many countries.

2. Cabillo's Log, translated by Francis R. Holland, San Diego, California, Cabri1lo National Monument.

3. The Romero Expedition 1823-1826, Lowell Bean & William Mason, Palm Springs, 1962.

4, John C. Fremont, personal papers. Unit ed States Government Archives.

5. Postmaster reports, 1847-1849. Correspondence between the Postmaster General and Special agents in California. Included in a message delivered on January 25 , 1850 by Zachary Taylor to Congress in relation to California. United States Senate Executive Document, 1st session, Twenty-first Congress, 1849-1850, Vol.9 , No, 1832-1852.


A CONTEMPORARY COMMENT ON THE PONY EXPRESS

by Alan H. Patera

Perhaps more words have been written about the Pony Express than on any other subject one might consider postal history. However, most of the writing on the Pony Express has been about the history of it, the organization of the company, the establishment of the stations, the daring of the riders, and the romance of the legend. Relatively little has been written about what the public thought about it, and how eagerly sought after was the news from the East carried by the Pony Express to the people in California.

The time of the Pony Express was indeed tumultuous, as the North and South were slipping towards war. Every dispatch from the East had the potential of carrying electrifying news, and the

possibility of conflict must have been of concern to all who had l eft loved ones behind in the Eastern states, nor th or south.

.In the letters of William H. Brewer we have several contemporary r e f erences to the Pony Express that give some hint as to the importance of these mails, and of the excitement generated when t he mails arrived.

Brewer arrived in San Francisco via Panama on November 14, 1860. He had been selected as a member of the U.S. Geological Survey team headed by Josiah Whitney. While the crew was in transit Abraham Lincoln had been elected President. This news, and the news that the survey team was en route, had been sent via Pony Express to San Francisco. This is what Brewer had to say upon his arrival:

Our arrival was anticipated by the Pony Express. All the papers had announced that the members of the Geologi cal Survey were on their way, and yesterday and today all the city papers have noticed our arrival. Whitney and I get most of the puffs, some of which are quite complimentary. I have been introduced to many prominent citizens, tendered the use of libraries, etc. The Coast Survey offers many faciliti7s, free passage on its vessels along the coast, etc. Th~s afternoon Judge Field and the Governor of the State leave Sacramento to come down here to see us; we shall see them tomorrow .

We found the news of Lincoln's election when we landed, an unprecedented quick trip of news. I have been out to see fireworks, processions, etc., in the early part of the evening, so now it is late.


With events in the East moving so rapidly the news brought by the Pony E~press was eagerly sought after. Once it reached Sacramento and San Francisco it was further disseminated by newspapers from those places. In a letter of mid-May, Brewer described a visit to a friend near Monterey:

We stopped there over Tuesday and the driver gave us a Monday's paper from San Francisco, with the l atest news . That was the · fourteenth, and we had news up to May 3, by Pony Express, that is, only eleven days from New Yor k to camp.

We have been quite lucky thus far for news, and i t has been a great item in these times. I cannot write how heavily the national troubles bear upon my mind, they are .in my mind by night and by day. God grant that we may yet save the United States, but I fear for the worst. Newspapers from home are always acceptable, but we get the great news by earlier means. On arriving here, by a "judi cious" distribution of patronage to two leading stores, we got l ots of papers for reading, a dozen or more.

This sheet finishes my letter paper of thin kind - the last scrap is here - and I must use such as I can get hereafter until I get to "Frisco". Trusting that the mail s will not be "seized" by pirates, it must go by next steamer . The last steamer went out fully armed, for it was currently believed that a party was going abroad as passengers to take her for the Southern Confederacy . The Union sentiment here is overwhelming.

Most mail, of course, was not sent by Pony Express because of the costs of sending letters in that manner. By July the rising tide of war in the east caused concern for the safety of the mails. On the west coast much of the mail was entrusted to express companies. The speed with which the Pony Express delivered must have seemed all the more incredible in comparison with the slowness of the local mails. Brewer makes his observations and complaints of delays in a letter of July 2:

April 1987


My last letter was sent three days ago, but I fear for its safety; while the secession troubles last in Missouri the Overland may be troubled . I shall send the next by Wells & Fargo Express. Way mails in this state are so uncertain that all important letters are carried by a private express in government envelopes . The company sends three-cent letters for ten cents, and to the states, ten-cent letters for twenty cents. Here i n this state it is used very largely, the Wells & Fargo mail being often larger than the government mail. We avail ourselves of it, even on so short a distance as from here (San Juan) to San Francisco, if the letter has any special importance or needs to go with certainty of dispatch. I have had letters two weeks in getting where they ought to go in two days with a daily mail. I very strongly suspect that some of the letters between here and home that were so long delayed were delayed on this side . One letter was from the first to the eighteenth of June coming from San Francisco to this place, one day's ride • •••• • War news becomes more and more exciting; the "Pony" brings all the general news far in advance of the mails. - I do not dare to think where it will all end; but I trust that in this, as in other matters , an All-ruling Providence will bring all things to work together for good in the end. The Stripes and Stars wave from the peak of our tent, the ornament of the camp.

The letters of William Brewer are representative of a number of books of observation of the California scene in the 19th century . A number of other books have been reprinted in recent years , affording greater availability of such information to today's postal historian.

April 1987

Passages from William S. Brewer 's llP. and Down California have been printed here with the permission of the Regents of the University of California .

WESTERN" EXPRESS ·Page 51 .

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San Anselmo, CA 94960

April 1987

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WESTERN EXPRESS Page 52 · Aprill987

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