Goals of INFO3315
description
Transcript of Goals of INFO3315
![Page 1: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Goals of INFO3315Learn about the range of techniques to:• Understand users• Establish requirements• Brainstorm alternatives creatively• Prototyping alternative• Evaluate these• Reflect on strengths and weaknesses of prototypes
Learn how to actually use a core set of these techniques
![Page 2: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
User Centred Design
• Problem statements and situations of concern• Identifying user and their tasks• Requirements and one sentence statements • Systems analysis and design *• Creative exploration of concepts• Iterative prototype-based design
![Page 3: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Plan for systems
Manage Design
Implement
SSMSoft Systems Methodology
Star MultiviewManagechanges
Implementationstrategy
Usabilitystudies
StrategicinformationSystemsplanning
Usabilityevaluation
Job design andtechnical support
PeopleWorkTechnology
OSTATask Analysis
Methods of user centred design (Eason in Preece)
![Page 4: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
User-centred design elements
• make users central• users seen as people – in an environment– interacting with other people
• early testing and evaluation that involves users
• design iteratively
![Page 5: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Simple illustrative example
![Page 6: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Thought experiment:
![Page 7: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Thought experiment:
Large and busy railway system with tickets sold solely by human ticket
sellers at each station.
![Page 8: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Thought experiment:
Large and busy railway system with tickets sold solely by human ticket
sellers at each station.
Brainstorm on the situation of concern.
![Page 9: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Elements of SSM analysisSoft systems methodology
• Stakeholders• Who are the users• Who else needs to be considered• What else must be considered• … CATWOE
![Page 10: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
SSM stagesreal world - abstraction
1. The situation of concern2. Expression of situation of concern3. Root definitions (CATWOE)4. Build conceptual models5. Compare 4 with 26. Feasible and desirable changes7. Action to improve situation
![Page 11: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Situation of Concern
![Page 12: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Thought experiment:
Large and busy railway system with tickets sold solely by a person at each station.
![Page 13: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• There are long queues to buy tickets at peak hour. • There is a huge salary bill for ticket sales staff. • Being a ticket seller is considered a very dull job but is often
stressful in dealing with people who have been waiting a long time.• There is often a mismatch in tickets sold and cash each day.• Elderly people really like buying tickets from a person.• Complex ticket options mean that a ticket seller can be really
helpful.• In times of high unemployment, ticket selling creates jobs.• Ticket sellers also improve passengers’ sense of safety at night and
when there are few people around.
![Page 14: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
CATWOE
1. Clients
• Who is on the receiving end?• What problem do they have now?• How will they react to what you are
proposing?• Who are the winners and losers?
![Page 15: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CATWOE
2. Actors
• Who are the actors who will 'do the doing', carrying out your solution?
• What is the impact on them?• How might they react?
![Page 16: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CATWOE
3. Transformation
• What is the process for transforming inputs into outputs?
• What are the inputs? Where do they come from?
• What are the outputs? Where do they go to?• What are all the steps in between?
![Page 17: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CATWOE
4. Weltanschauung (Worldview)
• What is the bigger picture into which the situation fits?
• What is the real problem you are working on?• What is the wider impact of any solution?
![Page 18: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CATWOE
5. Owner
• Can they help you or stop you?• What would cause them to get in your way?• What would lead them to help you?
![Page 19: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CATWOE
5. Owner
• Can they help you or stop you?• What would cause them to get in your way?• What would lead them to help you?
![Page 20: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CATWOE
6. Environmental constraints
• What are the broader constraints that act on the situation and your ideas?
• What are the ethical limits, the laws, financial constraints, limited resources, regulations, and so on?
• How might these constrain your solution?• How can you get around them?
![Page 21: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CATWOE-info3315
• Checklist that is broadly useful• Helps broaden perspectives• Helps think about the people• And the other concerns• Informs definition of tighter interface and
system requirements• And the people appropriate for evaluation• Subject for A-4 sheet in exam
![Page 22: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
After identifying the transformation that you believe will help address the situation of concern
![Page 23: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
After identifying the transformation that you believe will help address the situation of concern
One sentence statement
![Page 24: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
One sentence statement (info3315)
A single sentence that states:• The users of the system• Description of the transformative interface
and system • Training level of the users• Time limits for completing task
![Page 25: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
One sentence statements (example)
A single sentence that states:• The users of the system (A member of the general public)• Training level of the users (without any training)• Description of the transformative interface and system
(will be able to buy a ticket at the automated ticket selling machine)
• Time limits for completing task (within 1 minute)A member of the general public without any training will be able to buy a ticket at the automated ticket selling machine within 1 minute.
![Page 26: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Requirements
• Consider more user groups….• Consider different levels of training…• Consider different times associated with
these.• Consider variability among people.
![Page 27: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Requirements
• Consider more user groups….– Elderly users– Children– Non-English speakers– People who are blind…
• Consider different levels of training…• Consider different times associated with these.• Consider variability among people.
![Page 28: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
One sentence statements (example)
A single sentence that states:• The users of the system (A member of the general public)• Training level of the users (without any training)• Description of the transformative interface and system
(will be able to buy a ticket at the automated ticket selling machine)
• Time limits for completing task (within 1 minute)A member of the general public without any training will be able to buy a ticket at the automated ticket selling machine within 1 minute.
![Page 29: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Requirements
• Consider more user groups….• Consider different levels of training…– Regular user (expert)– First time user (novice)– Intermittent user– Discretionary user– People familiar with other ticket systems (existing mental
models for buying tickets)• Consider different times associated with these.• Consider variability among people.
![Page 30: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
One sentence statements (example)
A single sentence that states:• The users of the system (A member of the general public)• Training level of the users (without any training)• Description of the transformative interface and system
(will be able to buy a ticket at the automated ticket selling machine)
• Time limits for completing task (within 1 minute)A member of the general public without any training will be able to buy a ticket at the automated ticket selling machine within 1 minute.
![Page 31: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Requirements
• Consider more user groups….• Consider different levels of training…• Consider different times associated with
these.• Consider variability among people.– Normal distributions
![Page 32: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
One sentence statements (example)
A single sentence that states:• The users of the system (A member of the general public)• Training level of the users (without any training)• Description of the transformative interface and system
(will be able to buy a ticket at the automated ticket selling machine)
• Time limits for completing task (within 1 minute)90% of the members of the general public without any training will be able to buy a ticket at the automated ticket selling machine within 1 minute.
![Page 33: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
A note about times
• These include recovery from errors• What if people fail to do the task at all?• How does one test a requirement that starts
“90% of people…..”
![Page 34: Goals of INFO3315](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062520/56816202550346895dd2252a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Goals of INFO3315Learn about the range of techniques to:• Understand users• Establish requirements• Brainstorm alternatives creatively• Prototyping alternative• Evaluate these• Reflect on strengths and weaknesses of prototypes
Learn how to actually use a core set of these techniques