Goals and Status of MICE The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

Goals and Status of MICEGoals and Status of MICE The International Muon Ionization Cooling The International Muon Ionization Cooling

ExperimentExperiment

J.S. Graulich

PlanPlan

MotivationsMotivations Muon CoolingMuon Cooling MICE Design and ChallengesMICE Design and Challenges MICE’s current statusMICE’s current status

Beam Line Detectors Simulation and Analysis Software

Preparing for the futurePreparing for the future ConclusionConclusion

WIN 11 J.S. Graulich Slide 2


Motivations:Motivations:Neutrino PhysicsNeutrino Physics

Fundamental questions raised by neutrinosFundamental questions raised by neutrinos Do they conserve the lepton number? Are they their own anti-particle ? Do they have Majorana masses ? Do their oscillations violate CP ? Why masses are so small ?

A strong need for precision measurementsA strong need for precision measurements Mixing angles, Mass differences, Mass Hierarchy, CP

Requires a new generation of facilitiesRequires a new generation of facilities Among the options: Super beam, Beta beam and Neutrino

factory Neutrino factory

is not the simplestoffers the best potential: performance and

flexibility

See Boris Kayser’s talk:“Seeking CP violation in neutrino oscillation is now a worldwide goal.”

Motivation:Motivation:The Neutrino FactoryThe Neutrino Factory

Slide 4

• High energy & intensity • Very well defined beam content ( , e) or ( , e)

• Start to End Simulation exists IDS ! see A. Cervera• 3 essential R&D needed - High power Target - Muon Cooling - FFAGs

The neutrino factory is the ultimate tool for precise neutrino studies

Sensitivity to CP

CERN Scientific Policy Committee, March 2010

Muon CoolingMuon Cooling

Large divergence >< efficient Large divergence >< efficient accelerationacceleration

Beam Cooling = Emittance reductionBeam Cooling = Emittance reduction What is emittance ? ≠ divergenceWhat is emittance ? ≠ divergence

In the 2D case (oversimplified) a beam is defined by a set of xi(z)

x’ = dx/dz = Px/P


2''

'2

)(xxx

xxxzV

)(2'

2'

2 VDetxxxx

In the absence of dissipative forces, is conserved !

Ionization CoolingIonization Cooling How to reduce emittance ? -> How to reduce emittance ? ->

FrictionsFrictions Standard techniques don’t work for Standard techniques don’t work for

muonsmuons They need >> 2.2 s

Two stepsTwo steps Energy loss by ionization (dE/dX) Forward re-acceleration by RF cavities


Cooling is achieved only for low Z material ! Mult. Scat. < dE/dx -> Liquid Hydrogen

Cooling CellCooling Cell

Easy in principle…Easy in principle… In practice, the emittance is so large In practice, the emittance is so large

thatthat Need to contain the beam Not single pass -> iterations

Technical ChallengesTechnical Challenges An extended liquid Hydrogen cryogenic system High gradient RF cavities in strong magnetic

field Large number of Superconducting coils strongly

coupled to each other

That’s why we need R&D -> MICEThat’s why we need R&D -> MICE


MICEMICE


Muon Ionisation Cooling ExperimentMuon Ionisation Cooling Experiment Design, build and operate a realistic section of

cooling channel Measure its performances (in different modes)

MICE Step By StepMICE Step By Step

Commission beamline & detectors

Precisely measureincoming emittance& compare trackers

Precisely measuremuon cooling

Test sustainablecooling

Ultimate MICEgoal: operate fullcooling channel

Slide 9J.S. Graulich

2012

Complete !(This talk)


MICE Status @ RALMICE Status @ RAL

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UKUK

Brand new muon beam line Obtained from ISIS

(800 MeV proton Synchrotron)


MICE Beam LineMICE Beam Line

Design Specifications:Design Specifications:- ~ ~ 1 Spill / 2 seconds- ~ ~ 3 ms Spill duration

- 100 muons / Spill - Muon momentum between 140 to 240 MeV/c- pD2 = pD1/2 (backward muons)

D1D2

Q1-Q3

Q4-Q6 Q7-Q9

The Beamline is The Beamline is OperationalOperational


Pion Decay Solenoid (during installation)

Q7-Q9

Q4-Q6

D2

Downstream Muon Beam Line

Mice Target System in ISIS

Upstream Pion Beam Line

Q1-Q3D1

The Target is pulsingThe Target is pulsing

Stator

Positionreading

Bearing

Ti Target

WaterCooling

MICE Ti Target inside the ISIS beam pipe

Critical active partCritical active part Parasitic mode: no Parasitic mode: no

perturbation to ISIS Users perturbation to ISIS Users 80 g acceleration !80 g acceleration ! Magnetic “gun” Magnetic “gun” 570 000 dips570 000 dips

@ 0.4 Hz@ 0.4 Hz

Instrumentation for Instrumentation for Step 1Step 1

All detectors for Step 1 are operational

TOF0 after the 2nd triplet

TOF1 after the 3rd triplet

TOF2 at the very end (will move)Luminosity Monitors

3 Time of FlightStations

Calorimeter

2 Cherenkovs

DownstreamMonitor (GVA1)

Beam ProfileMonitors

Detector RatesDetector Rates


Detector Rates scale linearly with Beam Loss

Lyon, Octobre 2009 Slide 16

All TOF installed All TOF installed

Two crossed layers of scintillator slabs, Two crossed layers of scintillator slabs, 1” thick1” thick

Fast PMTs on both sidesFast PMTs on both sides Muon/pion/electron PIDMuon/pion/electron PID Measure the RF phase when muon Measure the RF phase when muon

arrivesarrives Magnetic shielding is crucial for TOF1/2Magnetic shielding is crucial for TOF1/2

TOF1 installed at RAL

TOF Scintillator

TOF ResolutionTOF Resolution


WIN 11 J.S. Graulich

Particle Particle IdentificationIdentification

Very precise Time of Flight measurement between TOF0 and TOF1

Allows separation betweenElectrons / muons / pions /

For all momenta up to 280 Mev/c

WIN 11 J.S. Graulich

Selecting Backward Selecting Backward MuonsMuons

We want a muon beam !

We tune the second dipole (D2) to select muons going backward (in C.M. frame) w.r.t. to the original pions’ direction

P ≈ P / 2

Pure muon BeamPure muon Beam

WIN 11 J.S. Graulich 20

Selecting backward muons

Pions are not transported

Electrons are depleted

MICE has a muon beam !~ 30 muons/spill/ V.ms

Lyon, Octobre 2009 Jean-Sébastien Graulich Slide 21

Simulation and Simulation and Analysis Software: Analysis Software:

G4MICEG4MICE

Based on GEANT 4 for the simulationBased on GEANT 4 for the simulation A deliverable by itself

Also used for beam transport optimizationAlso used for beam transport optimization In competition with G4Beamline

Reconstruction of events from both simulation and Reconstruction of events from both simulation and datadata

Calculate elaborated quantity like In particular: momentum

G4BeamLineTransport

G4MiceSimulation and Analysis

Q789 = -30%

Phase Space and Momentum Reconstruction: Q789 scan runsPhase Space and Momentum Reconstruction: Q789 scan runs

m. apollonio

Simulation

Data


m. apollonio

Q789 = -20%

Simulation

Data


m. apollonio

Q789 = -10%

Simulation

Data

Step 1 Program: beam Step 1 Program: beam opticsoptics

3 momenta3 momenta140, 200, 240 MeV/c

3 input emittances3 input emittances3, 6 10 mrad

A lot of data on A lot of data on tapetape

Next run in June Next run in June 20112011

WIN 11 J.S. Graulich 26

Next Step: Next Step: SpectrometerSpectrometer

Construction problems with the superconducting solenoids

Tracker Ready, tested with cosmics, meet resolution specs

Installation scheduled for 2012


Absorbers - FCAbsorbers - FC

Each Absorber contains 20 L of HydrogenEach Absorber contains 20 L of Hydrogen Produced at KEK, JapanProduced at KEK, Japan Thin Aluminum widows, all doubled for Thin Aluminum widows, all doubled for

safetysafety The module integrates the absorber with The module integrates the absorber with

the superconduction focus coil in the superconduction focus coil in production at Teslaproduction at Tesla

Integration to Step IV in 2012Integration to Step IV in 20121st absorber complete at Mirapro


RFCC ModuleRFCC Module Each module contains 4 RF Each module contains 4 RF

cavities and a superconducting cavities and a superconducting coupling coilcoupling coil

Water cooled copper cavities, 201 Water cooled copper cavities, 201 MHzMHz

Each module compensates for 11-Each module compensates for 11-12 MeV energy loss in the 12 MeV energy loss in the absorbersabsorbers

High Gradient (8 MV/m) in strong High Gradient (8 MV/m) in strong magnetic field (~4 Tesla)magnetic field (~4 Tesla)

Manufacturing in progressManufacturing in progress Expected for 2013Expected for 2013

SummarySummary

The Neutrino factory is the best tool for future The Neutrino factory is the best tool for future precise neutrino studiesprecise neutrino studies

MICE is exploring muon ionization cooling which MICE is exploring muon ionization cooling which is a key R&D toward the NFis a key R&D toward the NF

MICE has completed its first step at RAL, UKMICE has completed its first step at RAL, UK The muon beam and the detectors have been The muon beam and the detectors have been

successfully commissionedsuccessfully commissioned A particle by particle analysis has already been A particle by particle analysis has already been

used to measure the beam emittance, using used to measure the beam emittance, using TOFsTOFs

The spectrometers and the first absorber will be The spectrometers and the first absorber will be installed in 2012installed in 2012

MICE could be completed by 2013MICE could be completed by 2013


Goals and Status of MICE The International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

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