Goal 5 Part 2 Labor Unions / Strikes. What is a union? Union – a group of laborers with a common...
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Transcript of Goal 5 Part 2 Labor Unions / Strikes. What is a union? Union – a group of laborers with a common...
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Goal 5 Part 2Labor Unions / Strikes
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What is a union? Union – a group of laborers with a common cause: – expose the harsh conditions of jobs 2 major types: (1) Craft (SKILLED)(2) Industrial / Trade (SKILLED / UNSKILLED)
“United we stand, divided we fall”
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Stats and conditions
Working Conditions:7 day workweek12 or more hour shifts (daily)no vacation / no sick daysNo workman’s compensationInjured – no reimbursementALL family members had to work to survive
Children - .27 every 14 hoursMen - $498 / yearWomen - $267 / yearCarnegie - $23 million / year
Statistics:1882 – 675 (avg.) weekly deaths in America
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Collective Bargaining
Unions form to fight for TWO things(1) Better wages / more money
(2) Better working conditions
“Negotiation between laborers and management”
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Early Labor Unions
National Labor Union (NLU) 1866 – - refused African Americans as members- Skilled and unskilled (Trade unionism)
Leader: William Sylvis
- Lobbied Congress, not the Employers
MAIN LEGACY: 8 hours a day (Originally pushed by Populist…later adopted by Democrats)
Colored National Labor Union (CNLU) – accepted African Americans
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Knights of Labor
Beliefs: (1) EQUALITY = Equal pay for equal work
***(2) ACCEPTED EVERYONE…(women and African Americans) / “skilled AND unskilled”
Leader: Terrence Powderly
(3) DID NOT USE STRIKES – refusal to work, as a LAST resort (favored non-violence)
(4) Practiced Arbitration: resolving a dispute OUTSIDE of the court system
“Injury to one is the concern of all”
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2 types of Unions / Craft vs. Trade 1 Craft Unionism: includes skilled workersAmerican Federation of Labor (AFL)Leader - SAMUEL GOMPERS
- believed in “collective bargaining” - used STRIKES as a MAJOR / FIRST tactic /resort (supported violence)* Complete opposite of Knights of Labor
2 Industrial Unionism / Trade Unionism: included skilled AND unskilled workers
American Railway Union (ARU)Leader - EUGENE V. DEBS (SOCIALIST) *STRIKES WERE USED!
“The Strike is the weapon of the oppressed” Eugene V. Debs
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Eugene V. Debs – Socialist
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Socialism / Industrial Workers of the World ( I. W. W. ) Socialism – an economic system in which the government controls
business and property / less extreme version of communism Individuals do not work for themselves, but live in corporation of one
another Purpose: Overthrow Capitalism Pro: total equality regardless of physical differences Con: hard workers get no support “EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH”
INDUSTRIAL WORKERS OF THE WORLD (IWW)****************Example of Socialist Union*********************
-Mostly Unskilled workers Leader: Eugene V. Debs / Bill Haywood Nickname: WobbliesUsed STRIKES….all the time! (USED VIOLENCE)
* Socialist Unions – EUGENE V. DEBS!!!!!!!!
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Strikes
Federal Government response to Strikes / Unions: unhappy and acted with force
(threat to the capitalist government – messes w/$) Federal troops are sent in (injunction)
Great Railroad Strike of 1877 –B & O Railroad lead a strike (covered 50,000 miles)
President Rutherford B Hayes claimed they threatened *interstate commerce* - sent federal troops to end the strike!
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Great Railroad Strike of 1877
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INJUNCTION
Injunction: when federal government
“jumps in” and tries to fix everything
Example:
Great Railroad Strike of 1877
Pullman Strike
(federal troops were sent in)
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**HAYMARKET AFFAIR STRIKE**
Strike in Chicago….police show up, workers threw a bomb into police lines!
Several police officers died MAJOR EFFECT:
THE PUBLIC BEGAN TO TURN
AGAINST THE LABOR
MOVEMENT (due to violence)
ENDS THE LABOR MOVEMENT
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Homestead Strike
Carnegie Steel Company (Homestead Plant in PA) – cut wages – a strike occurs!
Henry Frick, Homestead Plant manager hired ,SCABS, or strikebreakers, that continued to work, despite the strike to keep the company going
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The Pullman Company Strike
Pullman Company laid off 3,000 workers George Pullman hired employees and gave them housing…after
lay offs, didn’t lower the rent on the house! ****George Pullman wanted to control the lives of his workers
(no loitering on front porch!) George Pullman hired SCABS, strikebreakers…strikes turned
violent Major effect: federal troops were sent in
*** Railroads “BLACKLISTED” the strikers*Blacklist – a list that included people that COULD NOT work on
the railroads, due to their connection to strikes
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Women Organize
Fighting for: Better working conditions Equal pay for equal work End of child labor
****MAIN LEADER: MARY HARRIS JONES (MOTHER)
To expose the cruelties of child labor – Mary Harris Jones led a march of 80 mill children to home of President Teddy Roosevelt….this crusade influenced the passage of Child Labor Laws
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Child Labor / Mary Harris Jones
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CHILD LABOR
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Triangle Shirtwaste Fire
March 25, 1911 (New York City) Oil-drenched machines caught on fire! (conditions) Company locked all of the doors *(Crime / force) 146 women died (from fire or jumping) MAJOR EFFECT/ Public Reaction: a task force
was set up to study the terrible working conditions of many industries in New York
* spurred the growth of improved factory conditions and safety standards
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Triangle Shirtwaste Fire (1911)
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Factors that LIMIT the success of Labor Unions / Employers CONTROLYellow Dog Contracts – swearing / oath they will NOT join a
UnionBlacklist – if you are part of or leader of a union against the
productivity of a business, you are placed on this list / difficult for you to get a job
Lockout: owner tells the employees not to bother showing up until they agree to a pay cut
Scabs: Strikebreakers (hired to continue economy of business while strikers are not working)
Interstate Commerce: a company claims strikers are affecting interstate commerce and the federal government comes running!
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* T.Q. Which statement BEST describes how the Knights of Labor differed from the American Federation of Labor (AFL)? A. Knights of Labor used strikes as a
major tactic
B. Knights of Labor ONLY organized
skilled laborers
C. Knights of Labor used strikes as a last resort
D. Knights of Labor opposed equal pay for women
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What event contributed MOST to the demise of the Knights of Labor?A. Great Chicago Fire
B. Haymarket Square Riot
C. Homestead Act
D. Pullman Company Strike
Why?
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Monopoly vs. Labor Union