Goal 4 the great west and the rise of the debtors (1860s 1896)

Goal 4:The Great West

and the Rise of the Debtors(1860s-1896)

4.01 Compare and contrast the different groups of people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they experienced.

4.02 Evaluate the impact that settlement in the West had upon different groups of people and the environment.

4.03 Describe the causes and effects of the financial difficulties that plagued the American farmer and trace the rise and decline of Populism.

4.04 Describe innovations in agricultural technology and business practices and assess their impact on the West.

Comstock LodeTranscontinental RailroadPromontory Point, UT Roles of Irish… Chinese … African-AmericansBuffalo Soldiers Sand Creek MassacreChief Joseph Battle of Little Big HornNez Perce Wounded KneeDawes Severalty Act Century of DishonorOklahoma Land Rush Cattle TrailsHomestead Act Morrill Land GrantRoles of women Sod housesWindmill Steel PlowBarbed Wire

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

1. What national issues emerged in the process of closing the western frontier?

2. Why does the West hold such an important place in the American imagination?

3. In what ways is the West romanticized in American culture?

The Frontier

Population Changes in the West, 1850 to 1900

Groups of the West

1. Miners2. Railroad Companies3. Cowboys & Ranchers4. Native Americans5. White farmers6. Ethnic Minorities

(Blacks, Hispanics, & Asians)

Key TensionsKey Tensions

Native Americans

Buffalo HuntersRailroadsU. S. Gov.

Cattlemen Sheep Herders

Ranchers Farmers

Key TensionsKey Tensions

EthnicMinorities

Nativists

Environmentalists

Big Business Local Gov. OfficialsFarmersBuffalo Hunters

Lawlessness of the Frontier

“Civilizing” Forces

[The “Romance” of the West]

Group: MinersKey Events

–1848: a series of “big strikes” in CA, NV, CO

• Key People– ’49ers–Civil War Vets–Young men–Some families

Gold Panning

Sluicing

ProspectingProspecting

Mining Centers: 1900

Mining Centers: 1900

Group: Laborers/Workers

• Key Events– 1869: 1st transcontinental railroad

meets in Promontory Pt., Utah

Promontory, Utah

Promontory Point, UT(May 10, 1869)

Promontory Point, UT(May 10, 1869)

Railroad ConstructionRailroad Construction


• Key People– Irish: from East– Chinese: from West– African Americans


• Government Policies/Legislation– Gov’t. gives land to railroad companies

but doesn’t regulate rates they charge or rail gauge/ width

Regional Population Distribution

by Race: 1900

Regional Population Distribution

by Race: 1900

Black“Exoduster”Homestead

ers

Blacks Moving West

The Buffalo Soldiers on the Great Plains

The Buffalo Soldiers on the Great Plains

The Buffalo Soldiers & the Indian Wars

The Buffalo Soldiers & the Indian Wars

The “Chinese Question”The “Chinese Question”

Exclusion Act (1882) - Oriental Exclusion Act - Chinese Exclusion Act

The Tong Wars: 1850s-1920sThe Tong Wars: 1850s-1920s

Began in San Francisco in 1875.

African American & ChinesePopulations:

1880-1900

African American & ChinesePopulations:

1880-1900

Group: Native Americans

• Key Events– Chivington (aka Sand

Creek) Massacre: 200+ Natives killed

– Custer’s Last Stand: 200 Americans killed

– Battle of Wounded Knee: 300 Natives killed

• Key People– Col Chivington– Gen. Custer– Sitting Bull– Crazy Horse


• Cultural Characteristics– Total reliance on

buffalo– White slaughter led

to starvation

1871-1875:

11,000,000 bison

slaughtered!


• Government Policies/ Legislation– Reservation system– Broken treaties– Dawes Act- tried “Americanization”

ColoradoGold Rush

(1859)

Colonel John ChivingtonColonel John Chivington

Kill and scalp all, big and little!

Sandy Creek, CO Massacre

November 29, 1864

Capt. William J. FettermanCapt. William J. Fetterman

80 soldiers massacredDecember 21, 1866

Gold Found in the Black

Hills of the Dakota

Territory!

1874

Gold Found in the Black

Hills of the Dakota

Territory!

1874

The Battle of Little Big Horn1876

The Battle of Little Big Horn1876

Chief Sitting Bull

Gen. GeorgeArmstrong

Custer

Chief Joseph I will fight no more forever!

Chief Joseph I will fight no more forever!

Nez Percé tribal

retreat (1877)

Geronimo, Apache Chief: Hopeless Cause

Geronimo, Apache Chief: Hopeless Cause

Helen Hunt JacksonHelen Hunt Jackson

A Century of Dishonor (1881)

Ramona (1884)

A Century of Dishonor (1881)

Ramona (1884)

Dawes Severalty Act (1887):

Assimilation Policy

Dawes Severalty Act (1887):

Assimilation Policy

Carlisle Indian School, PA

Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 1890

Arapahoe “Ghost Dance”, 1890

Chief Big Foot’s Lifeless Body

Wounded Knee, SD, 1890

Chief Big Foot’s Lifeless Body

Wounded Knee, SD, 1890

Mt. Rushmore: Black Hills, SDMt. Rushmore: Black Hills, SD

Crazy Horse Monument:Black Hills, SD

Crazy Horse Monument:Black Hills, SD

Lakota ChiefLakota Chief

Korczak Ziolkowski, SculptorCrazy Horse Monument

Korczak Ziolkowski, SculptorCrazy Horse Monument

His vision of the finished memorial.

His vision of the finished memorial.

Oklahoma Land Rush of

1889

Group: Cowboys/Ranchers

• Key Events– Corralling +

Branding + Long drive to railroads

– 1883- droughts– 1887- blizzard– 1880- barbed wire ends the open range


• Key People:– Joseph McKoy: ran Abilene stockyard– Buffalo Bill Hickok’s Wild West show– Calamity Jane


• Government Policies/Legislation– The gov’t. gave land to railroad

companies to sell so they could raise money to build the railroads


• Cultural characteristics:– Boots– Spurs– Chaps– 6 shooters– Good songs– Loneliness

The

Cattle

Trails

The

Cattle

Trails

The Bronc BusterFrederick Remington

Black Cowboys

Colt .45 RevolverColt .45 Revolver

God didn’t make men equal.Colonel Colt did!

Legendary Gunslingers & Train Robbers

Legendary Gunslingers & Train Robbers

Jesse James

Billy the Kid

Dodge City Peace Commission, 1890Dodge City Peace Commission, 1890

Group: Farmers

Group: Farmers

• Government Policies/ Legislation– Homestead Act of 1862: 160 acres of

free land– Morrill Act: Est. farm colleges– Hatch Act: Funds farm research

NCSU Freshman

class 1889

Group: Farmers

• Key People– Families– Women are key

– Keep house, educate kids, prepare food, make clothing

Group: Farmers

• Cultural characteristics– Sod houses – Dugouts– Plows– Windmills– Reapers

Frontier Settlements: 1870-1890

Frontier Settlements: 1870-1890

Rain Follows the Plow!Rain Follows the Plow!

Homesteads From Public LandsHomesteads From Public Lands

1887Land

PromotionPosterfor theDakota

Territories

1887Land

PromotionPosterfor theDakota

Territories

What is the Message of this Picture?

What is the Message of this Picture?

The Reality: “My First House in Neb, 1880”

The Reality: “My First House in Neb, 1880”

The Realty--A Pioneer’s Sod House, SD

The Realty--A Pioneer’s Sod House, SD

A Pioneer’s Sod House, SD A Pioneer’s Sod House, SD

Land Use: 1880sLand Use: 1880s

New AgriculturalTechnology

New AgriculturalTechnology

“Prairie Fan”Water Pump

Steel Plow [“Sod Buster”]

Barbed WireBarbed Wire

Joseph GliddenJoseph Glidden

The Range WarsThe Range Wars

SheepHerders

CattleRanchers

The Traditional View of the West

The Traditional View of the West

William “Buffalo Bill” Cody’s Wild West

Show

William “Buffalo Bill” Cody’s Wild West

Show

“Buffalo Bill” Cody & Sitting Bull

“Buffalo Bill” Cody & Sitting Bull

Legendary Female Western Characters

Legendary Female Western Characters

Calamity JaneCalamity Jane Annie OakleyAnnie Oakley

The Fall of the Cowboy

Frederick Remington

What were the long-term

effects of westward

expansion?

Destruction of the Buffalo Herds

Destruction of the Buffalo Herds

The near extinction of the buffalo.

Yellowstone National ParkYellowstone National Park

First national park established

in 1872.

National ParksNational Parks

Conservation MovementConservation Movement

John Muir

With President Theodore Roosevelt

Sierra ClubSierra Club

Founded in 1892

Goal 4 the great west and the rise of the debtors (1860s 1896)

Documents

Transcript of Goal 4 the great west and the rise of the debtors (1860s 1896)