Goal 1.05 Identify the Goal 1.05 Identify the major domestic problems major domestic problems of the nation under the of the nation under the

Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation (A of C) and assess the (A of C) and assess the

extent to which they were extent to which they were resolved by the new resolved by the new

ConstitutionConstitution

The Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation

► CharacteristicsCharacteristics of the Articles, a weak of the Articles, a weak central governmentcentral government 9 of 13 votes needed to pass a law9 of 13 votes needed to pass a law no power to enforce lawsno power to enforce laws 13 of 13 to amend13 of 13 to amend no militaryno military no power to taxno power to tax unicameral, one branch, weak, unicameral, one branch, weak, central central

governmentgovernment could not regulate tradecould not regulate trade

The Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation

►The advantages / the achievements of a The advantages / the achievements of a weak central governmentweak central government Treaty of Paris 1783Treaty of Paris 1783

►ended the Revolutionary War, gave land to the USended the Revolutionary War, gave land to the US

Land Ordinance of 1785Land Ordinance of 1785►organized the new territory for settlementorganized the new territory for settlement►one section was set aside for public educationone section was set aside for public education

Northwest Ordinance 1787Northwest Ordinance 1787►provided a way for the territories to become = provided a way for the territories to become =

statesstates

The Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederationspecifics of the Land Ordinance specifics of the Land Ordinance

17851785

The Road to the Constitution of The Road to the Constitution of 1787, the Constitutional 1787, the Constitutional

ConventionConvention► Shays’s RebellionShays’s Rebellion

a Massachusetts farmer, Daniel Shays, led farmers a Massachusetts farmer, Daniel Shays, led farmers who were unable to pay their mortgages on a who were unable to pay their mortgages on a march to an arsenal to get weapons to prevent march to an arsenal to get weapons to prevent courts from holding session and taking their farms courts from holding session and taking their farms away.away.

the Massachusetts militia was eventually able to the Massachusetts militia was eventually able to put down the rebellionput down the rebellion

the the central governmentcentral government, the A of C, was powerless, the A of C, was powerless many leaders decided to call a convention to many leaders decided to call a convention to

rewrite the Article of Confederation to give the rewrite the Article of Confederation to give the central gov’t powercentral gov’t power

The Road to the Constitution of The Road to the Constitution of 1787, the Constitutional 1787, the Constitutional

ConventionConvention► at the convention, competing plans were at the convention, competing plans were

suggested and compromises neededsuggested and compromises needed► the Virginia Planthe Virginia Plan

a bicameral legislature, based on populationa bicameral legislature, based on population

► the New Jersey Planthe New Jersey Plan a unicameral legislature, based on equalitya unicameral legislature, based on equality

► the Great Compromise / Connecticut Planthe Great Compromise / Connecticut Plan a bicameral legislature, the upper house based on a bicameral legislature, the upper house based on

equality and the lower house based on populationequality and the lower house based on population

The Road to the Constitution of The Road to the Constitution of 1787, the Constitutional 1787, the Constitutional

ConventionConvention► 3/5s Compromise3/5s Compromise

a slave counts as 3/5s a person for tax and for a slave counts as 3/5s a person for tax and for representation purposes (for the House of Representatives)representation purposes (for the House of Representatives)

► the Commerce and Slave Trade Compromisethe Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise the slave trade will continue until 1808the slave trade will continue until 1808 Congress can regulate interstate and foreign tradeCongress can regulate interstate and foreign trade

► Electoral CollegeElectoral College – – President elected indirectly by electors from each state.President elected indirectly by electors from each state. Each state has a number of electoral votes based on their Each state has a number of electoral votes based on their

number of Senators and Representatives combined and number of Senators and Representatives combined and most states operate on the winner take all principle.most states operate on the winner take all principle.

Winner Take All Principle: Whomever wins the popular vote Winner Take All Principle: Whomever wins the popular vote in that state gets ALL of that states electoral votes.in that state gets ALL of that states electoral votes.

The 23The 23rdrd amendment gave electoral votes to Washington amendment gave electoral votes to Washington D.C.D.C.

The Road to the Constitution of The Road to the Constitution of 1787, the Constitutional 1787, the Constitutional

ConventionConvention► the major problems of the Articles of the major problems of the Articles of

Confederation included deciding how much Confederation included deciding how much power a central government would have and power a central government would have and how to deal with the new landhow to deal with the new land

► the new land was dealt with effectivelythe new land was dealt with effectively► the power of a central government proved the power of a central government proved

too weak and the Constitutional Convention too weak and the Constitutional Convention and its compromises created a new, more and its compromises created a new, more powerful gov’tpowerful gov’t

► opposing leaders will demand a opposing leaders will demand a Bill of RightsBill of Rights