Goal 1 Review

What you MUST know about the Foundations of America

Types of Governments

Anarchy = lack of government/ chaos

Representative Democracy = people elects others to make decisions on there behalf

Direct Democracy = all people vote on all issues

Theocracy = government controlled by religion

Dictatorship = government controlled by one person, often by force and fear

Documents to Know

Magna Carta = limited the power of the monarch/ established rule of law

Virginia House of Burgesses = established representative democracy in the colonies

Mayflower Compact = established direct democracy in the colonies

English Bill of Rights = further limited the power of the British monarch

Documents to Know cont’d

Declaration of Independence = officially declared the colonies as free and independent/ based on John Locke’s Natural Rights Theory

Articles of Confederation = first constitution of the United States

Enlightenment Philosophers

John Locke = Natural Rights theory/ god given rights that can not be taken away i.e. life, liberty, and property

Montesquieu = need government to be separated into three branches of government to keep one branch from being too powerful

Enlightenment Philosophers cont’d

Hobbes = people need government

Voltaire = separation of church and state is necessary

Rousseau =Social Contract Theory/ when people decide to live together in society they give up rights in order to get protection of society

Colonialism

Mercantilism = economic theory of selling more then you buy (make $$$$) Exploited colonists

Colonists were resentful of being exploited

Hurt colonial economy Benefitted England by

increasing their profits Bought from colonists

for cheap and sold to colonists for increased prices

Colonialism cont’d

New England Colonies Primary economic activity =

shipbuilding Settled by Puritans and other

religious dissenters Very religious region

Life based around church

Used town meetings as a form of direct democracy

Meetings held after church

Colonialism cont’d

Middle ColoniesGood farmingSettled by Dutch and Quakers

Colonialism cont’d

Southern Colonies Primary economic activity

= agriculture Plantation system Used slave labor

Cash crops = crop grown primarily for sale rather than for farmers own use

Triangular Trade = transatlantic trade of rum for slaves for rum/molasses

Religious Dissenters

Jews = Rhode Island Catholics = Maryland Anglicans = Virginia Quakers =

Pennsylvania Puritans =

Massachusetts

French and Indian War

France and England competing for power

Indians side with French French lose British gets all land from

Appalachian Mountains to Mississippi River

British have HUGE war debt

Colonists have to pay

British Acts

Navigation Acts = colonists can only transport good on British ships

Proclamation of 1763 = colonists could not moves west of Appalachian Mountains b/c of “savage Indians” / really just so British could maintain control

Stamp Act = tax on paper goods to pay for war debt from French and Indian War

Townshend Act = tax on paper, tea, lead, paint, and glass

British Acts cont’d

Tea Act = tax on tea/ created a monopoly for tea trade for East India Company

Led Sons of Liberty to throw tea into Boston harbor in the Boston Tea Party

Coercive/ Intolerable Act = punishment for Boston Tea Party/ locked down Boston and took away colonial rights

Causes of American Revolution

Taxation = pay war debt from French and Indian war/ no representation in Parliament/ unfair and caused colonial resentment

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense = pamphlet that convinced many colonists to favor independence

British Acts = frustrated colonists and caused colonial resentment towards British government

Road to the Constitution

First Continental Congress = sent list of grievances to King George III/ set up boycotts of British goods

Lexington and Concord = “Shot Heard Round the World” / started America Revolution

Second Continental Congress = decided to declare independence

Declaration of Independence = declare US a independent nation/ written by Thomas Jefferson/ based on ideas of John Locke

Articles of Confederation First Constitution of the

United States Ineffective form of

government Congress had no power

to tax or enforce laws Congress could only ask

for things, not demand Needed 9 of 13 to pass a

law Needed 13 of 13 to

change Articles No executive No judicial system State taxes were very

heavy State and federal

governments had debts from Revolutionary War

Articles of Confederation cont’d

Northwest OrdinanceStrength of Articles of ConfederationEstablished procedure for admitting new states

to the Union