Goal 1

Launching a New NationLaunching a New NationChapter 8Chapter 8

Washington takes Office Washington takes Office

Revolution left many Revolution left many devastated but colonies devastated but colonies gained independence. gained independence.

One general in One general in particular proved to be particular proved to be important: GEORGE important: GEORGE WASHINGTON. WASHINGTON.

He was inaugurated on He was inaugurated on April 30, 1789April 30, 1789 He was anxious and He was anxious and

knew that his actions knew that his actions would set a precedent.would set a precedent.

Washington takes Office Washington takes Office Congress and the Congress and the

President had to put President had to put together a working together a working government. government.

The Congress passed The Congress passed laws to set up three laws to set up three departments for the departments for the Executive Branch (The Executive Branch (The President)President) The Department of The Department of

the Treasury, the Treasury, Department of State Department of State and Department of and Department of warwar

Each was headed by Each was headed by a person chosen by a person chosen by the Presidentthe President

Washington takes Office Washington takes Office The President appointed The President appointed

an attorney general to an attorney general to advise him on legal advise him on legal issuesissues

Alexander Hamilton: Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of Treasury.Secretary of Treasury.

Thomas Jefferson: Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State.Secretary of State.

Henry Knox: Secretary of Henry Knox: Secretary of War.War.

Edmund Randolph: Edmund Randolph: Attorney GeneralAttorney General Today the Today the

Presidents advisors Presidents advisors are known as the are known as the Cabinet. Cabinet.


Judiciary Act of Judiciary Act of 1789: set up 1789: set up Supreme Court of 6 Supreme Court of 6 justices. justices.

3 circuit Courts and 3 circuit Courts and 13 district courts13 district courts

Federal courts to Federal courts to hear appeals from hear appeals from the state courtthe state court

John Jay: First Chief John Jay: First Chief Justice of the Justice of the Supreme CourtSupreme Court


After the Revolution After the Revolution the federal the federal government owed government owed $52 million$52 million

Who was going to Who was going to pay the debt?pay the debt?


Alexander Hamilton, the Alexander Hamilton, the Secretary of Treasury Secretary of Treasury came up with a plan to came up with a plan to solve the problem.solve the problem.

US government: US government:

Agreed to pay all Agreed to pay all federal and state federal and state debts.debts. Open a national Open a national

bank for depositing bank for depositing government goods.government goods.

Start a high tax on Start a high tax on imported goods.imported goods.

Washington takes Office Washington takes Office Hamilton wanted to prove Hamilton wanted to prove

to other countries that the to other countries that the US would pay back their US would pay back their debtsdebts

Southern states: “We don’t Southern states: “We don’t need to pay the federal need to pay the federal debt, we paid our state debt, we paid our state debt.”debt.”

If Southerners helped pay If Southerners helped pay debts:debts: Capital would be in the Capital would be in the

South.South.

Is the Capital in the Is the Capital in the South??South??

What does this mean?What does this mean?

Washington takes Office Washington takes Office National Bank: would hold National Bank: would hold

funds and issue paper funds and issue paper money.money.

Thomas Jefferson: fought Thomas Jefferson: fought against the bank saying it against the bank saying it was Unconstitutional. was Unconstitutional.

The bank was created 1791The bank was created 1791

Hamilton imposed a tariff on Hamilton imposed a tariff on goods.goods.

It would raise money for the It would raise money for the governmentgovernment

Washington takes OfficeWashington takes Office

In 1791, Congress In 1791, Congress started a tax on started a tax on whiskey.whiskey.

This was supposed This was supposed to raise money for to raise money for the government.the government.

Result:Result: Farmers refused to Farmers refused to

pay!pay! Beat up federal Beat up federal

marshals. marshals. Government sends in Government sends in

troops. troops.

Washington takes OfficeWashington takes Office In 1794, officials in In 1794, officials in

western PA tried to western PA tried to collect taxescollect taxes The Farmers rebelled The Farmers rebelled

and burned down the and burned down the home of the tax home of the tax collectorcollector

This gained popularity This gained popularity and a mob marched and a mob marched throughout Pittsburgh throughout Pittsburgh and was known as the and was known as the Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion

Washington sent the Washington sent the militia to break it upmilitia to break it up

Activity: Form A CabinetActivity: Form A Cabinet

Congratulations! Congratulations! You are now You are now president and must president and must form a cabinet. form a cabinet.

Get into your Get into your groups.groups.

Directions:Directions:

- Create a list of at Create a list of at least 4 departments least 4 departments you would create. you would create.

- Describe their jobs. Describe their jobs.

- Include: title, Include: title, mission, mission,

The Birth of Political Parties The Birth of Political Parties The writers of the The writers of the

Constitution did not Constitution did not believe that political believe that political parties were going to parties were going to developdevelop

1790: Jefferson and 1790: Jefferson and James Madison formed James Madison formed on political party and on political party and Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton formed the otherformed the other

The Birth of Political Parties The Birth of Political Parties Democratic - Republicans: Democratic - Republicans:

federal government was federal government was growing too strong under growing too strong under Washington. Washington.

Power should be at the state Power should be at the state levellevel

Federalists: Strong central Federalists: Strong central government to make the government to make the country work. country work.

The country was torn. The country was torn. Hamilton claimed that Hamilton claimed that Washington was a federalistWashington was a federalist

Newspapers claimed that Newspapers claimed that Federalists wanted to betray Federalists wanted to betray the constitution and bring the constitution and bring back the kingback the king

The Birth of Political Parties The Birth of Political Parties Federalists: favored Federalists: favored

a national bank and a national bank and tariff, close ties with tariff, close ties with EnglandEngland

Republicans: did Republicans: did not want a bank or not want a bank or tariff and wanted tariff and wanted ties with France.ties with France.

1796: George 1796: George Washington would Washington would not run for a third not run for a third term, this set a term, this set a precedentprecedent

The Birth of Political Parties The Birth of Political Parties Republicans: Thomas Republicans: Thomas

JeffersonJefferson Federalists: John Federalists: John

AdamsAdams 1796: President and 1796: President and

Vice president did not Vice president did not run together. run together.

Person who got the Person who got the most votes became most votes became president and the president and the person who got the person who got the second most was vice second most was vice presidentpresident Adams became Adams became

president andpresident and Jefferson became vice Jefferson became vice

presidentpresident What issues would this What issues would this

present?present?

Troubles at home and Abroad Troubles at home and Abroad British soldiers: still in the British soldiers: still in the

North West Territory after North West Territory after war. war.

Native Americans: tried to Native Americans: tried to keep their lands too. keep their lands too.

American leaders: American leaders: believed that the future believed that the future depended on settling depended on settling western lands.western lands.

The officials tried to force The officials tried to force the natives to sell their the natives to sell their landland

They succeeded in buying They succeeded in buying most of Kentucky and part most of Kentucky and part of Tennesseeof Tennessee

Troubles at home and Abroad Troubles at home and Abroad Washington: sent Washington: sent

troops to end the troops to end the native attacks on native attacks on settlers.settlers.

Natives: defeated the Natives: defeated the military twice before military twice before Washington sent Washington sent General Anthony General Anthony Wayne.Wayne. Wayne: won Wayne: won

against the Natives against the Natives at the Battle of at the Battle of Fallen Timbers-Fallen Timbers-Named this Named this because of all the because of all the fallen treesfallen trees

Troubles at home and Abroad Troubles at home and Abroad

1789: French 1789: French Revolution begins. Revolution begins.

Most Americans: Most Americans: supported the French at supported the French at first because it was first because it was similar to what they similar to what they went through.went through.

But then the French But then the French Revolution got much Revolution got much more violent with the more violent with the “reign of terror”“reign of terror” 17,000 people, 17,000 people,

including the king and including the king and

queen were killed.queen were killed.

Troubles at home and Abroad Troubles at home and Abroad 1793: France and 1793: France and

England were at war, England were at war, Washington wanted to Washington wanted to remain neutral. remain neutral. America: trade with America: trade with

both sides. both sides. France and England France and England

began to stop began to stop American ships and American ships and seize their cargo.seize their cargo.

Britain: began Britain: began impressment of sailors. impressment of sailors.

Hamilton: urged the Hamilton: urged the president to stay president to stay friendly with Britain friendly with Britain because the US because the US depended on them for depended on them for importsimports

Troubles at home and Abroad Troubles at home and Abroad John Jay: went to John Jay: went to

London to form a treaty London to form a treaty with Britain.with Britain. Treaty said: US would Treaty said: US would

pay its debts to British pay its debts to British merchants and the merchants and the British would pay for British would pay for the ships it has seizedthe ships it has seized

British would also British would also withdraw from the withdraw from the Northwest Territory.Northwest Territory.

British refused to British refused to recognize the US right recognize the US right to trade with France to trade with France and would not stop and would not stop impressmentimpressment

Jay’s Treaty was Jay’s Treaty was approved by the senateapproved by the senate

Troubles at home and abroadTroubles at home and abroad

Pinckney’s Treaty:Pinckney’s Treaty: 1795: United States and Spain 1795: United States and Spain

have control over the Mississippi have control over the Mississippi River. River.

Thomas Pinckney: travels to Thomas Pinckney: travels to Spain and creates a treaty in Spain and creates a treaty in which America gains control of the which America gains control of the Mississippi. Mississippi.

Why is this important for the new Why is this important for the new nation? nation?

Troubles at home and Abroad Troubles at home and Abroad

1796: Washington 1796: Washington decided to retire, he decided to retire, he left pieces of advice:left pieces of advice:

He warned against He warned against political parties and political parties and thought they would thought they would divide the nations. divide the nations.

He warned to stay He warned to stay away from alliances away from alliances with other nations. with other nations.

Troubles at home and Abroad Troubles at home and Abroad He said that the nation He said that the nation

should remain neutral should remain neutral and not get involved with and not get involved with European affairs – European affairs – Proclamation of Proclamation of Neutrality.Neutrality. Things Washington Things Washington

accomplishedaccomplished The Unites States The Unites States

now had a Federal now had a Federal GovernmentGovernment

The economy was The economy was improvingimproving

Washington had Washington had avoided waravoided war

The British had The British had been forced to leave been forced to leave the Northwest the Northwest TerritoryTerritory

The Presidency of John Adams The Presidency of John Adams

When Adams When Adams became president, became president, the French were the French were angered by US angered by US neutralityneutrality

Jay’s Treaty with Jay’s Treaty with England only England only

increased tensionsincreased tensions


In 1797, Adams sent In 1797, Adams sent three men to France-three men to France-They were met with They were met with French agents French agents demanding that the US demanding that the US pay a bribe of $250,000pay a bribe of $250,000

They also wanted They also wanted several million dollarsseveral million dollars

The Americans refusedThe Americans refused The Bribe became The Bribe became

public and the French public and the French agents names were agents names were kept secretkept secret This was called the This was called the

XYZ AffairXYZ Affair


Because of the XYZ Because of the XYZ Affair, Federalists Affair, Federalists demanded that demanded that Adams ask Adams ask Congress to declare Congress to declare war on Francewar on France

Adams asked Adams asked Congress to increase Congress to increase the size of the Army the size of the Army and rebuild the Navyand rebuild the Navy

He also created a He also created a separate department separate department of the Navyof the Navy

The Presidency of John Adams The Presidency of John Adams Between 1798 and Between 1798 and

1800, the US fought an 1800, the US fought an undeclared naval war undeclared naval war with France with France

To avoid real war, To avoid real war, Adams sent a new Adams sent a new mission to Francemission to France Napoleon Bonaparte, Napoleon Bonaparte,

Frances leader, was Frances leader, was fighting a war in fighting a war in Europe and agreed to Europe and agreed to stop seizing American stop seizing American ships. ships.

Although Adams had Although Adams had avoided war, his own avoided war, his own Federalist Party Federalist Party disapproved with him disapproved with him

The Presidency of John Adams The Presidency of John Adams The Mistrust in France The Mistrust in France

led to a mistrust of led to a mistrust of ImmigrantsImmigrants

The Alien Act was The Alien Act was passed saying that a passed saying that a person had to live in the person had to live in the US for 14 years before US for 14 years before becoming a citizen, becoming a citizen, instead of 5 yearsinstead of 5 years

The Sedition Act was The Sedition Act was passed putting a limit passed putting a limit on free speech-on free speech- It was a crime to It was a crime to

speak out against the speak out against the President, Congress President, Congress

or Governmentor Government


The Republicans The Republicans denounced the Alien denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts. and Sedition Acts.

The Problem was The Problem was that the Supreme that the Supreme Court was not fully Court was not fully established and did established and did not know how to not know how to make a law make a law

unconstitutional.unconstitutional.

The Presidency of John Adams The Presidency of John Adams James Madison and James Madison and

Thomas Jefferson led Thomas Jefferson led the campaign toward the campaign toward the power of the the power of the Supreme CourtSupreme Court

They said that states They said that states had the right to declare had the right to declare laws unconstitutional laws unconstitutional

The Sedition Act The Sedition Act expired in 1801expired in 1801

After this, the Supreme After this, the Supreme Court could nullify the Court could nullify the laws passed by laws passed by CongressCongress

The differences between The differences between states rights and federal states rights and federal rights became a problem rights became a problem after this. after this.

Goal 1

Education

Transcript of Goal 1