go2007 intro1e ppt cc 04-1 - University of...
Transcript of go2007 intro1e ppt cc 04-1 - University of...
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with Microsoft Office 2007 Introductory © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall 1
PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany GO! with Microsoft® Office 2007 Introductory
Chapter 4 Basic Computer Concepts
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Objectives • Define Computer and Identify the Four
Basic Computing Functions • Identify the Different Types of
Computers • Describe Hardware Devices and Their
Uses
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Objectives • Identify Types of Software and Their
Uses • Describe Networks and Define Network
Terms • Identify Safe Computing Practices
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Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing Functions
• Computer – a programmable electronic device that can
input, process, output, and store data – takes data and converts it into information
• Data: words, numbers, sounds, pictures • Information: processed data presented in a
meaningful way
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Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing Functions
• The information processing cycle – Input—The computer gathers data or
enables a user to add data. – Process—Data is converted into information. – Output—The processed results are retrieved
from the computer. – Storage—Data or information is stored for
future use.
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Identify the Different Types of Computers
• Microcomputers – small, inexpensive computers designed for
personal use – the computers that most people typically use
• desktop, notebook, and tablet computers • mobile devices
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Identify the Different Types of Computers
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Identify the Different Types of Computers
• Servers – manage network resources through the use of
administrative software • Mainframe computers
– allow for multitasking • Multitasking refers to performing more than one
task at a time.
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Identify the Different Types of Computers
• Supercomputers – large, powerful computers that perform
specialized tasks • Embedded computers
– components of large products that usually have a digital interface
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• Hardware is the computer and any equipment connected to it (peripherals)—the physical components of the computer: – monitor – keyboard – mouse – printer
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• The system unit consists of the components located inside the computer.
• One of the most essential components is the microprocessor chip, also known as the central processing unit (CPU).
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• The CPU, located on the motherboard is the brain of the computer and is responsible for controlling the commands and tasks that the computer performs. It has two main parts: – control unit – arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• The control unit is responsible for obtaining instructions from the computer’s memory.
• The arithmetic logic unit, or ALU, performs all the arithmetic and logic functions for the computer. The ALU handles – Addition and subtraction – Multiplication and division – Logical and comparison decisions.
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• ROM (Read Only Memory) – can’t be changed, removed, or rewritten – is also known as nonvolatile memory because
it retains its contents even if the computer is turned off
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• RAM (Random Access Memory) – acts as the computer’s short-term memory – stores data temporarily as it is being
processed – is considered to be volatile because this
memory is erased when the computer is turned off
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• Storage devices are used to store the data and information used by or created with the computer. Such storage is often referred to as permanent memory.
• Data can be stored within internal hardware devices located within the system unit or in removable external units.
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• Magnetic: tracks and sectors • Optical: CD-ROM and DVD • Flash memory
– memory stick – compact flash – multimedia card
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• Hard disk drive • Floppy disk drive • CD and/or DVD drives
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• Flash drives • USB • Zip drives • Backup tape drives
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• A port acts as an interface between a system’s peripheral devices and the computer, enabling data to be exchanged once they are connected. – Serial and Parallel ports – Universal Serial Bus (USB) port – FireWire port – Ethernet and Modem ports
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• MIDI • IrDA • Bluetooth • Monitor • Digital Video Interface (DVI) • Audio
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• Monitors – CRT – LCD/flat
panel
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Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses
• Two categories of printers: – impact (for example, dot matrix) – nonimpact
• ink-jet • laser
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Identify Types of Software and Their Uses
• System software – provides the instructions the computer needs
to run – contains the directions needed to start up the
computer (known as the boot process) – consists of two main types of programs: the
operating system and utility programs
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Identify Types of Software and Their Uses
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Identify Types of Software and Their Uses
• Application software is comprised of programs that enable you to accomplish tasks and use the computer in a productive manner. – word processing – spreadsheet – database – presentation – communication and organization
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Describe Networks and Define Network Terms
• Networks are two or more connected computers, plus the various peripheral devices that are attached to them.
• Each object connected to a network, whether it is a computer or a peripheral device, is known as a node.
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Describe Networks and Define Network Terms
• Types of Networks – Local area network (LAN) connects
computers reasonably close together, as in home or small office settings.
– Wide area network (WAN) connects computers over a larger geographic area, as in businesses or universities.
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Describe Networks and Define Network Terms
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Identify Safe Computing Practices
• Computer maintenance • Viruses • Spyware
– Adware – Cookie
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Identify Safe Computing Practices
• Privacy • Antivirus and antispyware • Firewall • Phishing
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Covered Objectives • Define Computer and Identify the Four
Basic Computing Functions • Identify the Different Types of
Computers • Describe Hardware Devices and Their
Uses
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Covered Objectives • Identify Types of Software and Their
Uses • Describe Networks and Define Network
Terms • Identify Safe Computing Practices