Gmat prep QA-1

8/10/2019 Gmat prep QA-1

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1. That the application of new technology can increase the productivity of existing coal mines isdemonstrated by the case of Tribinia's coal industry. Coal output per miner in Tribinia is double what itwas five years ago, even though no new mines have opened.

Which of the following can be properly concluded from the statement about coal output per miner in the passage?

A. If the number of miners working in Tribian coal mines has remained constant in the past five years, Tribinia'stotal coal production has doubled in that period of time.

B. Any individual Tribian coal mine that achieved an increase in overall output in the past five years has alsoexperienced an increase in output per minor.

C. If any new coal mines had opened in Tribiniain the past five years, then the increase in output per miner wouldhave been even greater than it actually was.

D. If any individual Tribinian coal mine has not increased its output per miner in the past five years, then that mine'soverall output has declined or remained constant.

E. In Tribinia the cost of producing a given quantity of coal has declined over the past five years.

2. Schistosomiasis, a disease caused by a parasitic worm, is prevalent in hot, humid climates, and it has become more widespread as irrigation projects have enlarged the habitat of the freshwater snails that arethe parasite's hosts for part of its life cycle.

A. The freshwater snails that are the parasite's hosts for part of its life cycle

B. The freshwater snails that are the parasite's hosts in part of their life cycle

C.Freshwater snails which become the parasite's hosts for part of its life cycles

D.Freshwater snails which become the hosts of the parasite during the parasite's life cycle

E. Parasite's hosts, freshwater snails which become their hostsduring their life cycles

3. Comcorp Shipping Clerk: Last week, no shipments of building supplies were sent out on friday. Thefive specially ordered shipments sent out last week were sent out on Thursday, and each of those speciallyordered shipments consisted entirely of building supplies. Four shipments were sent to TruaxConstruction last week, none of which consisted of building supplies.

If the shipping clerk's statements are true, which of the following must also be true?

a. All of Comcorp's shipments of building supplies last week were specially ordered.

b. None of Comcorp's shipments sent on friday of last week was sent to Truax Construction.

c. None of the shipments sent by Comcorp by Truax Construction last week was specially ordered.

d. None of Comcorp's shipments sent on thursday of last week was sent to Truax Construction.

e. All of Comcorp's shipments of building supplies last week were sent out on thursday.


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4. The Environmental Protection Agencys proposal to place restrictions on both diesel fuel and dieselengines has sparked a counterattack by the oil industry, saying that the move will exacerbate the nationsfuel supply problems.

A. on both diesel fuel and diesel engines has sparked a counterattack by the oil industry, saying

B. on both diesel fuel and engines have sparked the oil industry to counterattack, and they say

C. on both diesel fuel and diesel engines has sparked a counterattack by the oil industry, which says

D. both on diesel fuel and engines has sparked the oil industry to a counterattack, saying

E. both on diesel fuel and diesel engines have sparked the oil industry to counterattack, and it says

5. Most of the world's supply of uranium currently comes from the mines. It is possible to extract uraniumfrom seawater, but the cost of doing so is greater than the price that Uranium fetches on the world market.

Therefore, until the cost of extracting uranium from seawater can somehow be reduced, this method ofobtaining uranium is unlikely to be commercially viable.

Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in evaluating the argument?

a. Whether the uranium in deposits on land is rapidly being depleted

b. Whether most uranium is used near where it is mined

c. Whether there are any technological advances that show promise of reducing the costs of extractinguranium from seawater

d. Whether the total amount of Uranium in seawater is significantly greater than the total amount ofuranium on land

e. Whether uranium can be extracted from freshwater at a cost similar to the cost of extracting it fromseawater.

6. In the 1980s the rate of increase of the minority population of the Unite d States was nearly twice asfast as the 1970s.

(A) Twice as fast as

(B) Twice as fast as it was in

(C) Twice what it was in

(D) Two times faster than that of

(E) Two times greater than


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7. The yield of natural gas from Norway's Troll gas field is expected to increase annually until the year2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate at leastfor 50 years' production

a) 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate atleast for

b) 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, an extraction rate that will allow at least

C) 2005 and then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet a day, with such an extraction rate at the leastallowing

d) 2005, then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet a day, allowing such an extraction rate for at least

e) 2005, then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate for at least

9. As the honeybees stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act ofstinging causing the bee to sustain a fatal injury.

A. As the honeybees stinger is heavily barbed, staying where it is inserted, this results in the act ofstinging causing

B. As the heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act ofstinging causes

C. The honeybees stinger, heavily barbed and staying where it is inserted, results in the fact that the actof stinging causes

D. The heavily barbed stinger of the honeybee stays where it is inserted, and results in the act of stingingcausing

E. The honeybees stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted, with the result that the act ofstinging causes

10. Roland: The alarming fact is that 90 percent of the people in this country now report that they knowsomeone who is unemployed.

Sharon: But a normal, moderate level of unemployment is 5 percent, with 1 out of 20 workersunemployed. So at any given time if a person knows approximately 50 workers, 1 or more will very likely be unemployed.

Sharon's argument is structured to lead to which of the following as a conclusion?

(A) The fact that 90% of the people know someone who is unemployed is not an indication thatunemployment is abnormally high.


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(B) The current level of unemployment is not moderate.

(C) If at least 5% of workers are unemployed, the result of questioning a representative group of peoplecannot be the percentage Roland cites.

(D) It is unlikely that the people whose statements Roland cites are giving accurate reports.

(E) If an unemployment figure is given as a certain percent, the actual percentage of those without jobs iseven higher.

11. Heacoma and Hopi are probably the two oldest surviving Pueblo communities, both dating back atleast a thousand years.

A. both dating

B. both of which have dated

C. and each has dated

D. and each one dating

E. each one of which date

12. Question: Excavation of the ancient city in Kourion of the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern ofdebris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes. Archeologists hypothesizedthat the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to occur near the island in AD 365.

What strengthens the hypothesis?

B: no coins minted after AD 365 were found in Kourion but coins minted before were in abundance

C: Most modern histories mention an earthquake occurred in AD 365.

13. Fossils of a whale that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and wassubsequently butchered by hominids have been recovered by paleontologists.

A. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was subsequently butchered byhominids have

B. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then was subsequently butchered by hominids has

C. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago, which was subsequently butchered byhominids, has


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D. having been beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and subsequently butchered byhominids, have

E. having beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then subsequently were butchered by hominids have

14. Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasinglycommon, many people now using their mobile phones to make calls across a wide region at night and onweekends, when numerous wireless companies provide unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthlyfee.

A. Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasinglycommon, many people

B. As the cost of wireless service plummeted in the last year and as mobile phones became increasinglycommon, many people

C. In the last year, with the cost of wireless service plummeting, and mobile phones have becomeincreasingly common, there are many people

D. With the cost of wireless service plummeting in the last year and mobile phones becomingincreasingly common, many people are

E. While the cost of wireless service has plummeted in the last year and mobile phones are increasinglycommon, many people are

15. A study of food resources in the North Pacific between 1989 and 1996 revealed that creatures of theseabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing sea surfacetemperatures during the same period.

a) That creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting fromincreasing

b) That creatures of the seabed were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, possibly as a resultof an increase in

c) That creatures of the seabed were suffering because of food supplies, which were dwindling possibly asa result of increasing

d) Creatures of the seabed that were suffering from food supplies that were dwindling, possibly resultingfrom an increase in


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e) Creatures of the seabed that were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, which possiblyresulted from increasing

16. Northern Air has dozens of flights daily into and out of Belleville Airport, which is highly congested. Northern Air depends for its success on economy and quick turnaround and consequently is planning toreplace its large planes with Sky buses, whose novel aerodynamic design is extremely fuel efficient. TheSky bus' fuel efficiency results in both lower fuel costs and reduced time spent refueling.

Which of the following, if true, could present the most serious disadvantage for Northern Air in replacingtheir large planes with Sky buses?

(A) The Sky bus would enable Northern Air to schedule direct flights to destinations that currently requirestops for refueling.

(B) Aviation fuel is projected to decline in price over the next several years.

(C) The fuel efficiency of the Sky bus would enable Northern Air to eliminate refueling at some of itsdestinations, but several mechanics would lose their jobs.

(D) None of Northern Air's competitors that use Belleville Airport are considering buying Skybuses.

(E) The aerodynamic design of the Sky bus causes turbulence behind it when taking off that forces other planes on the runway to delay their takeoffs.

17. Since the start of space age, more and more littering has occurred in orbits near Earth, often because

of the intentional discarding of lens caps, packing material, fuel tanks and payload covers.

a) same

b) Orbits near Earth have become more and more littered , often from

c) Orbits near Earth became littered more and more, often resulting from

d) There have been more and more littering of orbits near Earth, often because of

e) There had been littering more and more of orbits near Earth, often with

18. The health benefits of tea have been the subject of much research; in addition to its possibilities for preventing and inhibiting some forms of cancer, the brewed leaves of Camellia sinensis may also play arole in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

A. in addition to its possibilities for preventing and inhibiting

B. in addition to its possibilities to prevent or inhibit


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C. besides the possibility that it prevents and inhibits

D. besides the possible preventing and inhibiting of

E. besides possibly preventing or inhibiting.

19. Although the pesticide TDX has been widely used by fruit growers since the early 1960s, aregulation in force since 1960 has prohibited sale of fruit on which any TDX residue can be detected.That regulation is about to be replaced by one that allows sale of fruit on which trace amounts of TDXresidue are detected. In fact, however, the change will not allow more TDX on fruit than was allowed inthe 1960s, becau se ______.

A. pre-1970 techniques for detecting TDX residue could detect it only when it was present on fruit inmore than the trace amounts allowed by the new regulations

B. many more people today than in the 1960s habitually purchase and eat fruit wi thout making an effortto clean residues off the fruit

C. people today do not individually consume any more pieces of fruit, on average, than did the people inthe 1960s

D. at least a small fraction of the fruit sold each year since the early 1960s has had on it greater levels ofTDX than the regulation allows

E. the presence of TDX on fruit in greater than trace amounts has not been shown to

20. Every fall Croton's jays migrate south. The jays always join flocks of migrating crookbeaks with

which they share the same summer and winter territories. If a jay from the crookbeaks it is accompanying,it wanders until it comes across another flock of crookbeaks. Clearly, therefore, Croton's jays lack thenavigational ability to find their way south on their own.

Strengthen the argument:

A. Croton's jays lay their eggs in the nests of crookbeaks which breed upon completing their southernmigration.

B. The three species most closely related to crookbeaks do not migrate at all.

C. In the spring, Croton's jays migrate north in the company of Tattersall warblers.

D. Species other than Croton's jays occasionally accompany flocks of migrating crookbeaks.

E. In the spring, crookbeaks migrate north before croton's jays do.


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21. Retail sales rose 8/10 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in theJuly-September quarter more than doubled that of the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the

previous quarter.

a.) that personal spending in the July-September quarter more than doubled that of

b.) that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double

c.) of personal spending in the July-September quarter, that it more than doubled

d.) of personal spending in the July-September quarter more than doubling that of

e.) of personal spending in the July-September quarter, that it would more than double that of

22. Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election.

A. a greater proportion than it was

B. a greater proportion than

C. a greater proportion than they have been

D. which is greater than was so

E. which is greater than it has been

23. Although energy prices have tripled in the United States over the last two years, research indicatesfew people to have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do, nor are they making fuelefficiency a priority when shopping for cars.

A. few people to have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do, nor are they making

B. few people having significantly reduced the amount of driving they do or made

C. that there are few people who have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do, nor havingmade

D. that few people have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do and are not making

E. that few people have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do or made

24. Trans World Entertainment Corporation, which owns the RecordTown and Saturday Matinee retailchains, announced that since sales of up to one-fourth of its stores are poor, they will be closed


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27. Since 1990 the global economy has grown more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.

A) Since 1990 the global economy has grown more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginningof agriculture to 1950.

B) Since 1990 the growth of the global economy has been more than that during 10,000 years, from whenagriculture began.

C) The growth of the global economy since 1990 exceeds that which had been for 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture.

D) The growth of the global economy since 1990 exceeds what it has been for 10,000 years, from whenagriculture began

E) The growth of the global economy since 1990 exceeds what it did for the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture.

28. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,

get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride.

A. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,

B. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, theycost less,

C. Minivans carry as many as seven passengers, in comparison with most sport utility vehicles, and havea lower cost, they

D. Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,

E. Minivans, which carry as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles the costis lower, and they

29. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the governmentof the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.

A. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the governmentof the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established

B. The act of Congress, which was approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of thegovernment of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established


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C. The act of Congress approved April 24, 1800, which made provision for the removal of thegovernment of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., and established

D. Approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States tothe new federal city, Washington, D.C., the act of Congress also established

E. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress made provision for the removal of the government of theUnited States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also establishing

30. Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, adn problems at polling places have beencited by a new study of the 2000 United STates Presidential election, which estimated that they did notcount 4 million to 6 million of th e100 million votes cast.

a.) Faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places have been cited by a new study of the 2000 United Stated presidential election, which estimated that they did not count 4

million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast.

b.) Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at pollingplaces, a newstudy of the 2000 United States presidential election has estimated that 4 million to 6 million of the 100million votes cast were not counted.

c.) Citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, 4million to 6 million of the 100 million votes cast were not counted in the 2000 United States presidentialelection, a new study estimates.

d.) A new study has cited faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places in estimating that 4 million to 6 million of the 100 million votes that were cast had not beencounted in the 2000 United States presidential election.

e.) A new study of the 2000 United States presidential election, citing faulty voting equipment, confusing ballots, voter error, and problems at polling places, has estimated 4 million to 6 million votes had not been counted of the 100 million votes cast.

31. Like any star of similar mass would do, once the Sun has exhausted the hydrogen in its core, itexpands into a red giant, eventually ejecting its outer envelope of gases to become a white dwarf.

(A) Same(B) Like any star of similar mass, once the hydrgogen in the Sun's core is exhausted, then it expands intoa red giant and eventually ejects

(C) As in the case of any star of similar mass, once the hydrogen in the Sun's core is exhausted, it willexpand into a red giant, and eventually ejecting


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(D) As any star of similar mass would, once the hydrogen in the Sun's core is exhausted it will expandinto a red giant and will eventually eject

(E) As would be the case with any star of similar mass, once the Sun exhausts the hydrogen in its core, itwill expand into a red giant and eventually eject

32. According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of AmericanMedical Colleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in

planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas.

A. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice

B. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicing

C. minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing

D. it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan tio practice

E. it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to practice

33. The continental United States receives an average of 30 inches of precipitation a year; transpirationfrom soil and from plants returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the atmosphere, while the balanceof 9 inches contributes to the flow of streams and rivers.

(A) transpiration from soil and from plants returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the atmosphere,while the balance of 9 inches contributes to the flow

(B) even though transpiration from soil and from plants returns approximately 21 of the 30 inches to theatmosphere, the remainder of 9 inches contribute to the flowing

(C) although transpiration from soil and from plants return approximately 21 of the 30 inches to theatmosphere, the balance of 9 inches contribute to the flowing

(D) with transpiration from soil and from plants to return approximately 21 inches to the atmosphere, the

rest of the 9 inches contributes to the flow(E) as transpiration from soil and from plants return approximately 21 of the 30 inches to the atmosphere,the rest of the 9 inches contribute to the flow

34. When the temperature of a gas is increased, it is either accompanied by an increase in pressure if thegas is enclosed in a container, or an increase in volume of the gas able to expand.


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A) Same

B) When the temperature of a gas is increased, it is accompanied either by an increase in pressure if it isenclosed in a container or

C) When the temperature of a gas is increased, the increase is either accompanied by an increase in pressure if the gas is enclosed in a container or by

D) Any increase in the temperature of a gas is either accompanied by an increase in pressure if it isenclosed in a container or by

E) Any increase in the temperature of a gas is accompanied either by an increase in pressure if the gas isenclosed in a container or by

35. Despite the growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives areconvinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machine,many travelers will still use travel agents

A) growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machine, many travelerswill

B) growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced, just as

one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, that many travelerswould

C) growing number of people purchasing plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced, just asone-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers as compared to automatic teller machines, manytravelers will

D) fact that the number of people purchasing plane tickets online is growing, airline execituves areconvinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers as compared to automatic tellermachines, that many travelers would

E) fact that the number of people who purchase plane tickets online are growing, airline executives areconvinced that, just as obe-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers compared with automaticteller machines, many travelers would

36. Scientists have dated sharp-edged flakes of stone found in the fine-grained sediments of a dry riverbedin the Afar region of Ethiopia to between 2.52 and 2.60 million years ago, pushing back by more than150,000 years the earliest date when it is known that humans made stone tools.


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A. when it is known that humans made

B. at which it is known that humans had made

C. at which humans are known to have made

D. that humans are known to be making

E. of humans who were known to make

36. The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strongevidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were

arising simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southernMesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq.

A. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrallyadministered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneouslywith but

B. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence that centrallyadministered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously with

but also

C. having been cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence thatcentrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arisingsimultaneously but

D. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence of centrally administeredcomplex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arising simultaneously but also

E. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrallyadministered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but

37. According to a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine, aspirin prevents blood clots just as well as a commonly used and more expensive blood-thinning drug does.

(A) prevents blood clots just as well as a commonly used and more expensive blood-thinning drug does

(B) prevents blood clots just as well as does a commonly used and a more expensive blood-thinning drug

(C) prevents blood clots just as well as will a commonly used and more expensive blood-thinning drug


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(D) works just as well as a commonly used and more expensive blood-thinning drug at the prevention of blood clots

(E) works just as well as does a commonly used blood-thinning drug, which is also more expensive, at preventing blood clots

38. Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until amerger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if he deal were not to be concluded.

(A)is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed thatincludes a provision for penalties if he deal were

(B)is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreement includinga provision for penalties if the deal was

(C)is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement be signed by themwith a provision for penalties if he deal were

(D) are expected to make an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until it signs a merger agreement with a provision for penalties included if the deal was

(E)are expected to be making an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreementincluding a provision for penalties if the deal were

39. In many nations, criminal law does not apply to corporations, but in the United Stated today, acorporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits a crime, if the employee actedwithin the scope of his or her authority and if the corporation benefited as a result.

A. a corporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits a crime, if the employee acted

B. a corporation is committing a crime whenever one of its employees committed a crime, if those

employees were actingC. corporations commit a crime whenever one of its employees does, on the

condition that the employee acts

D. corporations commit crimes whenever an employee of those corporations commit a crime, if it waswhile acting


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E. the corporation whose employees commit a crime, commits a crime, whenever the employee acted

40. A study by the ocean wildlife campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse adecline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closingstate waters for shark fishing during pupping season and requiring commercial fishers to have federalshark permits.

A. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing

B. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing

C.which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of

D. including established size limits for shark catches, closing

E. including the establishment of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of

41. With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Farenheit, Jupiter's moon Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with 60 square miles of water though to be frozen fromtop to bottom

A) Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with

B) Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its

C) Europa has long been considered as far too cold to support life and has

D) Europa, long considered as far too cold to support life, and its

E) Europa, long considered to be far too cold to support life, and to have

42. The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign - using websites, publicmeetings , and also mass mailings - that have convinced the Department of agriculture to change the

proposed federal regulations for organically grown food

A) using websites, public meetings , and also mass mailings - that have convinced

B) using websites, public meetings , and also mass mailings - that has convinced

C) by using websites, public meetings , and also mass mailings - in convincing

D) by the use of websites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings - that convinced

E) which used websites, public meetings , and mass mailings - in convincing




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(A) minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice

(B) minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicing

(C) minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing

(D) it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan to practice

(E) it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to practice

44. Providing initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed to

be, environmentalists in Chicago report that the total amount of pollutant emitted by annually by vehiclesat the O'hare International airport is twice as much as that which is being emitted annually by all motorvehicles in the Chicago Metro area

A) as much as that which is being emitted annually by all

B) as much annually as is emitted by the

C) as much compared to what is annually emitted by all

D) that emitted annually by all

E) that emitted annually compared to

45. When Bobs Bistro opened in the town of Montrose last year, the proprietors of Andrews Eatery, theonly other restaurant in town, feared that their business would suffer. Surprisingly though, in the past yearthe average number of meals per day served at Andrews Eatery has actually increased significantly.

Which of the following, if true, provides the best explanation for this occurrence?

A) The meals at Andrews Eatery are substantially lower in price than those offered at Bobs Bistro.

B) Bobs Bistro is closed on Sundays, and so for Sunday brunch residents of Montrose would either go toAndrews Eatery or venture to a neighboring town.

C) The profit per meal is higher, on aver age, at Bobs Bistro than it is at Andrews Eatery.

D) Bobs Bistro attracts a large number of patrons that had never dined in Montrose before, and on manydays Bobs Bistro attracts more customers than it can seat.


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E) Andrews Eatery serves considerably more meals on weekends than it does on weekdays, which is notthe case at Bobs Bistro.

46. City Official: At City Hospital, uninsured patients tend to have shorter stays and fewer procedures performed than do insured patients, even though insured patients, on average, have slightly less seriousmedical problems at the time of admission to the hospital than uninsured patients have. Critics of thehospital have concluded that the uninsured patients are mot receiving proper medical care . However,this conclusion is almost certainly false . Careful investigation has recently shown two things: insured

patients have much longer stays in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary.

In the city officia ls argument, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?

A. The first states the conclusion of the city officials argument; the second provides support for thatconclusion.

B. The first is used to support the conclusion of the city offi cials argument; the second states thatconclusion.

C. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second states the positionthat the city officials argument opposes.

D. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second provides support for

the conclusion of the city officials argument.

E. The first states the position that the city officials argument opposes; the second states the conclusionof the city officials argument.

47. It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary nebulas,may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other at close range.

A. may be caused by the interaction where two stars orbit each other

B. may be caused by the interaction between two stars that each orbit the other

C. are because of the interaction between two stars that orbit each other

D. are caused by the interaction of two stars where each is orbiting the other

E. are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other


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48. Because there are provisions of the new maritime code that provide that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, they have already stimulated internationaldisputes over uninhabited islands.

A. Because there are provisions of the new maritime code that provide that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, they have already stimulated

B. Because the new maritime code provides that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheriesand oil fields of large sea areas, it has already stimulated

C. Even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code, already stimulated

D. Because even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large areas undermaritime code, this has already stimulated

E. Because even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large areas under

provisions of the new maritime code, which is already stimulating

49. Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their descendants, popularly known as killer bees, had migrated as far north as southern Texas.

A) Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,

B) In less than 35 years since releasing African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,

C) In less than the 35 years since African honeybees had been released outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,

D) It took less than 35 years from the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, when

E) It took less than the 35 years after the time that African honeybees were released outside Sao Paulo,Brazil, and then

50. The hognose snake puts on an impressive bluff, hissing and rearing back, broadens the flesh behind itshead the way a cobra does, feigning repeated strikes,but, having no dangerous fangs and no venomeventually, if its pursuer is not cowed by the performance, will fall over and play dead.

a. Same

b.broadens the flesh behind its head the way a cobra does and feigns repeated strikes, but with nodangerous fangs and no venom,

c.broadening the flesh behind its head the way a cobra does and feigning repeated strikes, but it has nodangerous fangs and no venom, and

d.broadening the flesh behind its head the way a cobra does and feigns repeated strikes, but with nodangerous fangs and no venom, and


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e.broadening the flesh behind its head the way a cobra does, feigning repeated strikes, but with nodangerous fangs and no venom, and

51. Two computer companies, Garnet and Renco, each pay Salcor to provide health insurance for theiremployees.Because early treatment of high cholesterol can prevent strokes that would otherwise occurseveral years later, Salcor encourages Garnet employees to have their cholesterol levels tested and toobtain early treatment for high cholesterol.Renco employees generally remain with Renco only for a fewyears, however.Therefore, Salcor lacks any financial incentive to provide similar encouragement to Rencoemployees.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A. Early treatment of high cholesterol does not eliminate the possibility of a stroke later in life.

B. People often obtain early treatment for high cholesterol on their own.

C. Garnet hires a significant number of former employees of Renco.

D. Renco and Garnet have approximately the same number of employees.

E. Renco employees are not, on average, significantly younger than Garnet employees.

52. However much United States voters may agree that, there is a waste in government and that thegovernment as a whole spends beyond its means, it is difficult to find broad support for a movementtowards a minimal state

a) However much United States voters may agree that

b) Despite the agreement among United States voters to the fact

c) Although United States voters agree

d) Even though United Staes voters may agree

e) There is agreement among United States voters that

53. One of Ronald Reagans first acts as President was to rescind President Carters directive that anychemical banned on medical grounds in the United States be prohibited from sale to other countries.

(A) that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States be prohibited from sale to othercountries

(B) that any chemical be prohibited from sale to other countries that was banned on medical grounds inthe United States

(C) prohibiting the sale to other countries of any chemical banned on medical grounds in the UnitedStates

(D) prohibiting that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States is sold to othercountries


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(E) that any chemical banned in the United States on medical grounds is prohibited from being sold toother countries

54. United States Senator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the democratic partyduring his first term, that included assistant majority whip and vice-chair of Democratic SenatorialCommittee.

a) that included

b) which includes

c) including

d) some of which were

e) among them being

55. Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britain but only 4 million in population, where many aremembers of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.

A. about the same as Great Britain but only 4 million in population, where many

B. of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only 4 million, and many

C. that is about the same size as Great Britains land area, but in Laos with a population of only 4 million people, many of them

D. comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only 4 million in population, and many

E. comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only 4 million people, many of whom

56. Push for greater integration of global economy is not, like earlier, guided by complicated philosophical questions about the global fraternity, but the practical matters of business: cost savings andefficiency.

A. not, like earlier, guided by complicated philosophical questions about the global fraternity, but the practical matters of business

B. being guided by the practical matters of business, instead of complicated philosophical questions aboutthe global fraternity, as it has been earlier


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C. guided not by complicated philosophical questions about the global fraternity, as earlier, but by the practical matters of business

D. guided by the practical matters of business, not complicated philosophical questions about the globalfraternity, which was the case earlier

E. guided not by complicated philosophical questions about the global fraternity, as has been the caseearlier, but by the practical matters of business

56. Within medical devices industry, sales personnel less likely than support personnel to be enrolled incheaper insurance plans imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more

patients, and spend less time with each.

A. imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more patients, and spend

B. that impose stricter limits on medical services, require doctors to see more patients, and spend

C. that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, spending

D. imposing stricter limits on medical services, requiring doctors to see more patients, and spending

E. that impose stricter limits on medical services, requiring doctors to see more patients and spending

57. The globalization of financial-services companies has been a boon to money launders, because ofallowing money placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction to be transferred to a branch in a moreregulated one.

A) of allowing money placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction to be transferred

B) of allowing the transfer of money placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction

C) it allows that money placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction is transferred

D) it allows the transfer of money have been placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction

E) it allows money placed in a bank in a less regulated jurisdiction to be transferred

58. Apart from having more permanent employees than PreX, the employees in UpskirT are highereducated than those in PreX, with more graduate students.

A. the employees in UpskirT are higher educated than those in

B. UpskirT has higher educated employees than those do

C. the employees in UpskirT are higher educated than those are in

D. UpskirT employees are higher educated that those are in


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E. UpskirT has higher educated employees than

59. Today's techonology allows manufacturers to make small cars more fuel efficient now than at anytime in their production history.

a. Same as above

b. small cars that are more fuel-efficient than they were at any time in their

c. small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time in

d. more fuel-efficient small cars than those at any other time in their

e. more fuel-efficient small cars now than at any time in

60. For the farmer who takes care to keep them cool, providing them with high energy feed and milkingthem regularly,Holstein cows are producing an average of 2275 gallons of milk each year.

A. providing them with high energy feed and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing

B. providing them with high energy feed ,and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces

C. provided with high energy feed, and milking them regularly, Holstein cows are producing

D. provided with high energy feed ,and milked regularly, the Holstein cow produces

E. provided with high energy feed ,and milked regularly, Holstein cows will produce

61. Unlike emergency calls that travel through regular telephone lines, where they thus automaticallyinform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, cellular calls require emergencyoperators to determine the location of the caller.

(A) lines, where they thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of thecaller, cellular calls require emergency operators to determine the location of the caller

(B) lines and thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller,cellular calls require emergency operators to determine the location of the caller

(C) lines, thus automatically informing the operator of the location and phone number of the caller, thelocation of the caller on a cellular phone has to be determined by the operator

(D) lines, and thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller,emergency operators have to determine the location of the cellular phone caller


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(E) lines, thus automatically informing the operator of the location and phone number of the caller,emergency operators receiving a cellular call have to determine the location of the caller

62. Broccoli thrives in moderate to cool climates and propagated by seeds, either sown directly in thefield or in plant beds designed for producing transplants.

(A) propagated by seeds, either sown directly in the field or in plant beds designed for producing

(B) propagated by seeds, sown either directly in the field or sown in plant beds designed so as to produce

(C) is propagated by seeds either sown directly in the field or in plant beds designed so that they produce

(D) is propagated by seeds sown either directly in the field or in plant beds designed to produce

(E) is propagated by seeds, sown either directly in the field or sown in plant beds designed for producing

64. The investigations of many psychologist and anthropologists support the generalization of there beinglittle that is a significant difference in underlying mental processes manifested by people from differentculture.

A of there being little that is a significant difference

B of there being little that is significantly different

C of little that is significantly different

D that there is little that is significantly different

E that there is little of significant differences

65. According to one expert, the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is not so much thatdogs are being bred for looks or to meet the other narrow criteria as that the breeds have relatively fewfounding members.

A. the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is not so much that dogs are being bred forlooks or to meet the other narrow criteria

B. the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is not as much their being bred for looks ormeeting other narrow criteria as much

C. it is not so much the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog that they are being bred forlooks or meeting other narrow criteria as much


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D. it is not so much that the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is their being bred forlooks or meeting other narrow criteria so much

66. After several years of rapid growth, the healthy care company became one of the largest health care providers in the metropolitan area, while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business, fallingmonths behind in its payment to doctors and hospitals.

A. while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its payment to

B. while it then proved unable to handle the increase in business and fell months behind in its payment to

C. but then it proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in its paying

D. but then proving unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying

E. but then proved unable to handle the increase in business, falling months behind in paying

67. For the best extraction of the flavor of saffron threads, it should be soaked in liquid after being pounded with a mortar and pestle.

A) Same

B) To best extract their flavor, saffron threads should be soaked in liquid after pounding

C) The best way to extract the flavor from saffron threads is soaking them in liquid after being pounded

D) The best way to extract the flavor from saffron threads is to soak them in liquid after pounding them

E) The flavor of saffron threads can best be extracted by soaking it in liquid after pounding it.

68. After decreasing steadily in the mid-1990's, the percentage of students in the United States finishinghigh school or having earned equivalency diplomas increased in the last three years of the decade, up to86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and 84.8 percent in 1998.

(A) finishing high school or having earned equivalency diplomas increased in the last three years of the decade, upto 86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and

(B) finishing high school or earning equivalency diplomas, increasing in the last three years of the decade, rising to

86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and from

(C) having finished high school or earning an equivalency diploma increased in the last three years of the decade,and rose to 86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and from

(D) who either finished high school or they earned an equivalency diploma, increasing in the last three years of thedecade, rose to 86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and


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(E) who finished high school or earned equivalency diplomas increased in the last three years of the decade, to 86.5 percent in 2000 from 85.9 percent in 1999 and

69. Blaming its recent troubles on a widening recession and slow rate of technology spending, thecomputer company announced that it would cut 10 percent of its workforce--more than 2,000 jobs--andexpected to report a loss in its third quarter.

(A) company announced that it would cut 10 percent of its workforce--more than 2,000 jobs--and expected to reporta

(B) company announced that there would be a cut--10 percent of its workforce, which was more than 2,000 jobs--and expected a reported

(C) company announced the cutting of its workforce by 10 percent, more than 2,000 jobs, and it expected a reported

(D) company's announcement included the cutting of its workforce by 10 percent, or more than 2,000 jobs, andexpecting to report a

(E) company's announcement included cutting its workforce--which is more than 2,000 jobs--and expecting there to be a reported

70. Thelonious Monk, who was a jazz pianist and composer, produced a body of work both rooted in thestride-piano tradition of Willie (The Lion) Smith and Duke Ellington, yet in many ways he stood apartfrom the mainstream jazz repertory.

a) same

b) Thelonious Monk, the jazz pianist and composer, produced a body of work that was rooted both

c) Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk, who produced a body of work rooted

d) Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk produced a body of work that was rooted

e) Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk produced a body of work rooted both

70. The Chicago and Calumet Rivers originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but having been redirected by constructing canals so that the water now empties into the Mississippi byway of the Illinois River.

A. Rivers originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but having been redirected byconstructing

B. Rivers had originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but they have been redirected byconstructing

C. Rivers, which originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan but have been redirected by theconstruction of

D. Rivers, originally flowing into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but having been redirected by theconstruction of


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E. Rivers, originally flowing into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, have been redirected through theconstruction of

71. Marconis conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for privateconversation; instead, it is precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.

A. Marconis conception of the radio was as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation; instead, itis

B. Marconi conceived of the radio as a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, but which is

C. Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone; instead,it has become

D. Marconi conceived of the radio to be a tool for private conversation, a substitute for the telephone, which has become

E. Marconi conceived of the radio to be a substitute for the telephone, a tool for private conversation, other thanwhat it is

72. New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly requirements ofirrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.

a) requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties

b) requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation

c) requirements of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation of earlier high-yielding varieties

d) application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation that was required by earlier high-yielding varieties

e) irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer that were required by earler high-yielding varieties

73. Astronomer: Observations of the Shoemaker-Levi comet on its collision course with Jupiter showedthat the comet broke into fragments before entering Jupiter's atmosphere in 1994, but they did not showhow big those fragments were. In hopes of gaining some indication of the fragments' size, astronomersstudied spectrographic analyses of Jupiter's outer atmosphere. These analyses revealed unprecedentedtraces of sulfur after the fragments' entry. The fragments themselves almost certainly contained no sulfur,

but many astronomers believe that the cloud layer below Jupiter's outer atmosphere does contain sulfur.Since sulfur would have seeped into the outer atmosphere if comet fragments had penetrated this cloud

layer, it is likely that some of the fragments were at least large enough to have passed through Jupiter'souter atmosphere without being burned up.

In the astronomer's argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A. The first presents a circumstance for which the astronomer offers an explanation; the second is part of thatexplanation.


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B. The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second is thatconclusion.

C. The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the conclusion of the argument; the second providesevidence in support of that conclusion.

D. The first provides evidence in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second acknowledges aconsideration that weighs against that conclusion.

E. The first is a judgment advanced in support of the conclusion of the argument; the second is that conclusion.

74. Those who have visited the Grand Canyon have typically seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, withdifferent colors that mark the passage of time like the rings in a tree trunk.

(A) seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, with different colors that mark

(B) seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, whose different colors mark

(C) been seeing layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, whose different colors are markers of

(D) been able to see layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, with different colors marking

(E) seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, marking by different colors

75. In 1914 a total of 469,000 cars and trucks were produced in the United States, but in 1929 almosttwice the numbers of trucks alone came off the assembly lines

A) Same

b) that number of trucks alone

c) the number of trucks by themselves

d) as many trucks themselves

e) as many trucks by themselves

76. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the governmentof the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established the Library of Congress.

A. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of theUnited States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established

B. The act of Congress, which was approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government ofthe United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also established

C. The act of Congress approved April 24, 1800, which made provision for the removal of the government of theUnited States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., and established

D. Approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the newfederal city, Washington, D.C., the act of Congress also established


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E. Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress made provision for the removal of the government of the UnitedStates to the new federal city, Washington, D.C., also establishing

77. Those skeptical of the extent of global warming argue that short-term temperature data are aninadequate means of predicting long-term trends and point out that the scientific community remainsdivided on whether significant warming will occur and what impact will it have if it does.

A. on whether significant warming will occur and what impact will it have if it does.

B. on whether warming that occurs will be significant and the impact it would have.

C. as to whether significant warming will occur or the impact it would have if it did.

D. over whether there will be significant warming or the impact it will have.

E. over whether significant warming will occur and what impact it would have

78. Among people who experience migraine headaches, some experience what doctors call "common"migraines, whereas others experience "classical" migraines. Siblings and spouses of common migrainesufferers are themselves twice as likely as the general population to experience common migraines.Siblings of classical migraine sufferers are four times more likely than the general population toexperience classical migraines, whereas spouses of classical migraine sufferers are no more likely thanthe general population to experience such headaches.

The information above provides the most support for which of the following hypotheses?

(A) Susceptibility to classical migraines is more dependent on hereditary factors than is susceptibility to common

migraines.(B) Unmarried adults are more likely to suffer from classical migraines than they are to suffer from commonmigraines.

(C) People who do not experience migraine headaches are unlikely to have spouses who are migraine headachesufferers.

(D) Children of people who suffer from common migraines are not more likely than the general population toexperience a common migraine.

(E) Between one-quarter and one-half of the general population suffer from either common or classical migraineheadaches.



a. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice b. minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicingc. minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicingd. it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan to practice


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e. it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to practice

80. Just like the background in art history needed by an archaeologist in order to evaluate finds of ancientart, the nautical archaeologist needs specialized knowledge of the history and theory of ship design inorder to understand shipwrecks.

A. Same

B. Just as an archaeologist who needs a background in art history to evaluate finds of ancient art, a

C. Just as an archaeologist needs a background in art history to evaluate finds of ancient art, so a

D. Like the archaeologist who evaluates finds of ancient art and requires a background in art history, so the

E. As evaluating finds of ancient art requires an archaeologist who has a background in art history, so the

81. Although fullerenes - spherical molecules made entirely of carbon - were first found in the laboratory,they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Since laboratory

synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery shouldgive geologists a test case for evaluating hypothesis about the state of the Earth's crust at the time thesenaturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation

B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.

C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.

D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure

E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.

82. Although energy prices have tripled in the United States over the last two years, research indicatesfew people to have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do, nor are they making fuelefficiency a priority when shopping for cars.

A. few people to have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do, nor are they making

B. few people having significantly reduced the amount of driving they do or made

C. that there are few people who have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do, nor having made

D. that few people have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do and are not making

E. that few people have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do or made


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83. Since February, the Federal Reserve has raised its short-term interest rate target five times, and because of the economys continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target will be raised again in November.

A. because of the eco nomys continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the targetwill

B. with the economys strength continuing, analysts predicted for weeks that the target

C. because the economy continues strong, analysts predicted for weeks that the target would

D. due to the economys continued strength, analysts have been predicting for weeks that the target

E. due to the fact of the economys continued strength, analysts predicted for weeks that the target will

84. Like any star of similar mass would do, once the Sun has exhausted the hydrogen in its core, itexpands into a red giant, eventually ejecting its outer envelope of gases to become a white dwarf.

(A) Same

(B) Like any star of similar mass, once the hydrgogen in the Sun's core is exhausted, then it expands intoa red giant and eventually ejects

(C) As in the case of any star of similar mass, once the hydrogen in the Sun's core is exhausted, it willexpand into a red giant, and eventually ejecting

(D) As any star of similar mass would, once the hydrogen in the Sun's core is exhausted it will expandinto a red giant and will eventually eject

(E) As would be the case with any star of similar mass, once the Sun exhausts the hydrogen in its core, itwill expand into a red giant and eventually eject

85. She was less successful after she had emigrated

to New York compared to her native Germany,

Photographer Lotte Jacobi nevertheless earned a small

Group of discerning admirers, and her P h o t o graphs

Were eventually exhibited in prestigious galleries

Across the United States.

(A) She was less successful after she had emigrated to New York compared to


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(B) Being less successful after she had emigrated to New York as compared to

(C) Less successful after she emigrated to New Yorkthan she had been in

(D) Although she was less successful alter emigrating to New York when compared to

(E) She had been less successful after emigrating to New York than in

86. The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.

A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell

B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen

C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling over the lasttwo years

D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling

E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen

87. A study of food resources in the North Pacific between 1989 and 1996 revealed that creatures of theseabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing sea surfacetemperatures during the same period.

a) that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting fromincreasing

b) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, possibly as a resultof an increase in

c) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because of food supplies, which were dwindling possibly asa result of increasing

d) creatures of the seabed that were suffering from food supplies that were dwindling, possibly resultingfrom an increase in

e) creatures of the seabed that were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, which possiblyresulted from increasing

88. Northern Air has dozens of flights daily into and out of Belleville Airport, which is highly congested. Northern Air depends for its success on economy and quick turnaround and consequently is planning toreplace its large planes with Skybuses, whose novel aerodynamic design is extremely fuel efficient. TheSkybus' fuel efficiency results in both lower fuel costs and reduced time spent refueling.


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Which of the following, if true, could present the most serious disadvantage for Northern Air in replacingtheir large planes with Skybuses?

(A) The Skybus would enable Northern Air to schedule direct flights to destinations that currently requirestops for refueling.

(B) Aviation fuel is projected to decline in price over the next several years.

(C) The fuel efficiency of the Skybus would enable Northern Air to eliminate refueling at some of itsdestinations, but several mechanics would lose their jobs.

(D) None of Northern Air's competitors that use Belleville Airport are considering buying Skybuses.

(E) The aerodynamic design of the Skybus causes turbulence behind it when taking off that forces other planes on the runway to delay their takeoffs.

89. Following several years of declining advertising sales, the Greenville Times reorganized itsadvertising sales force two years ago. Before the reorganization, the sales force was organizedgeographically, with some sales respresentatives concentrating on city-center businesses and othersconcentrating on different outlying regions. The reorganization attempted to increase the salesrepresentatives' knowledge of clients' businesses by having each sales representative deal with only onetype of industry or of retailing. After the reorganization, advertising sales increased.

In assessing whether the improvement in advertising sales can properly be attributed to the reorganization, it would be helpful to find out each of the following EXCEPT:

A) Two years ago, what proportion of the Greenville Times's total revenue was generated by advertisingsales?

B) Has the circulation of the Greenville Times increased substantially in the last two years?

C) Has there been a substantial turnover in personnel in the adverstising sales force over the last twoyears?

D) Before the reorganization, had sales representatives found it difficult to keep up with relevantdevelopments in all types of businesses to which they are assigned?

E) Has the economy in Greenville and the surrounding regions been grwoing rapidly over the last twoyears?

90. With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Farenheit, Jupiter's moon Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with 60 square miles of water though to be frozen fromtop to bottom

A) Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with

B) Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its

C) Europa has long been considered as far too cold to support life and has


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D) Europa, long considered as far too cold to support life, and its

E) Europa, long considered to be far too cold to support life, and to have

91. When the temperature of a gas is increased, it is either accompanied by an increase in pressure if thegas is enclosed in a container, or an increase in volume of the gas able to expand.

A) Same

B) When the temperature of a gas is increased, it is accompanied either by an increase in pressure if it isenclosed in a container or

C) When the temperature of a gas is increased, the increase is either accompanied by an increase in pressure if the gas is enclosed in a container or by

D) Any increase in the temperature of a gas is either accompanied by an increase in pressure if it isenclosed in a container or by

E) Any increase in the temperature of a gas is accompanied either by an increase in pressure if

92. Despite the growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives areconvinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machine,many travelers will still use travel agents

A) growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machine, many travelerswill

B) growing number of people who purchase plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced, just asone-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, that many travelerswould

C) growing number of people purchasing plane tickets online, airline executives are convinced, just asone-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers as compared to automatic teller machines, manytravelers will

D) fact that the number of people purchasing plane tickets online is growing, airline execituves areconvinced, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers as compared to automatic tellermachines, that many travelers would

E) fact that the number of people who purchase plane tickets online are growing, airline executives areconvinced that, just as obe-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers compared with automaticteller machines, many travelers would


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93. When Bobs Bistro opened in the town of Montrose last year, the proprietors of Andrews Eatery, theonly other restaurant in town, feared that their business would suffer. Surprisingly though, in the past yearthe average number of meals per day served at Andrews Eatery has actually increased significantly.

Which of the following, if true, provides the best explanation for this occurrence?

A) The meals at Andrews Eatery are substantially lower in price than those offered at Bobs Bistro.

B) Bobs Bistro is closed on Sundays, and so for Sunday brunch residents of Montrose would either go toAndrews Eatery or venture to a neighboring town.

C) The profit per meal is higher, on average, at Bobs Bistro than it is at Andrews Eatery.

D) Bobs Bistro attracts a large number of patrons that had never dined in Montrose before, and on manydays Bobs Bistro attracts more customers than it can seat.

E) Andrews Eatery serves considerably more meals on weekends than it does on weekdays, which is notthe case at Bobs Bistro.

94. The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign using websites, publicmeetings , and also mass mailings that have convinced the Department of agriculture to change the

proposed federal regulations for organically grown food

A) using websites, public meetings , and also mass mailings - that have convinced

B) using websites, public meetings , and also mass mailings - that has convinced

C) by using websites, public meetings , and also mass mailings - in convincing

D) by the use of websites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings - that convinced

E) which used websites, public meetings , and mass mailings - in convincing

95. According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association of American MedicalColleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice insocioeconomically deprived areas.

(A) minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than are other graduates in planning to practice

(B) minority graduates are nearly four times more likely than other graduates who plan on practicing

(C) minority graduates are nearly four times as likely as other graduates to plan on practicing

(D) it is nearly four times more likely that minority graduates rather than other graduates will plan to practice

(E) it is nearly four times as likely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to practice


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96. Providing initial evidence that airports are a larger source of pollution than they were once believed to be, environmentalists in Chicago report that the total amount of pollutant emitted by annually by vehiclesat the O'hare International airport is twice as much as that which is being emitted annually by all motorvehicles in the Chicago Metro area

A) as much as that which is being emitted annually by all

B) as much annually as is emitted by the

C) as much compared to what is annually emitted by all

D) that emitted annually by all

E) that emitted annually compared to

97. Comcorp Shipping Clerk: Last week, no shipments of building supplies were sent out on friday. Thefive specially ordered shipments sent out last week were sent out on Thursday, and each of those specially

ordered shipments consisted entirely of building supplies. Four shipments were sent to TruaxConstruction last week, none of which consisted of building supplies.

If the shipping clerk's statements are true, which of the following must also be true?

a. All of Comcorp's shipments of building supplies last week were specially ordered.

b. None of Comcorp's shipments sent on friday of last week was sent to Truax Construction.

c. None of the shipments sent by Comcorp by Truax Construction last week was specially ordered.

d. None of Comcorp's shipments sent on thursday of last week was sent to Truax Construction.

e. All of Comcorp's shipments of building supplies last week were sent out on thursday.

98. Hans Christian Andersen wrote fairy tales, which have been some of the most frequently translatedworks in literary history, while he wrote plays, novels, poems, and travel books, as well as severalautobiographies, which remained almost unknown outside his native Denmark.

(A) Hans Christian Andersen wrote fairy tales, which have been some of the most frequently translated works inliterary history, while he wrote plays, novels, poems, and travel books, as well as several autobiographies, whichremained

(B) Hans Christian Andersen wrote fairy tales, which, while among the most frequently translated works in literaryhistory, his plays, novels, poems, and travel books, as well as several autobiographies remain

(C) Even as Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales have been among the most frequently translated works in literaryhistory, still his plays, novels, poems, and travel books, as well as several autobiographies, remain


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(D) Unlike the fairy tales written by Hans Christian Andersen, which are some of the most frequently translatedworks in literary history, he wrote plays, novels, poems, and travel books, as well as several autobiographies, whichremained

(E) Although Hans Christian Andersen wrote fairy tales that are among the most frequently translated works inliterary history, his plays, novels, poems, and travel books, as well as several autobiographies, remain

99. The Environmental Protection Agency frequently puts mandatory controls on toxic substances that present as little risk as one in a million chances to cause cancer

A) as little risk as one in a million chances to cause

B) as little risk as one chance in a million of causing

C) as little risk as one chance in a million that it will cause

D) a risk as little as one chance in a million for causing

E) a risk as little as one chance in a million for it to cause

100. In her later poems, Phyllis Wheatley's blending of solar imagery, Judeo-Christian thought andfigures, and the images she borrowed from ancient classicism suggesting her range and depth ofinfluences, not the least of which is her African heritage.

(A) the images she borrowed from ancient classicism suggesting

(B) borrowing images from ancient classicism, suggests

(C) she borrowed images from ancient classicism, which suggests

(D) images borrowed from ancient classicism suggests

(E) images that she borrowed from ancient classicism, suggesting


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Answers1. The average coal output per miner, for ALL of tribinia, has doubled over the last 5 years. Thats it. Thismeans that there could be vast differences between miners; this is only a national average. in particular, itis totally possible that some miners, and some mines, are LESS productive than they were 5 years ago.

...and no new mines have opened.

However, the existing miners could have added, or laid off, miners. there is no information in the passageabout the # of workers at each mine. In fact, there could now be 100 times as many miners as there were

before, at every mine. Or 1% as many as before. we have no idea at all. So A

2. Ans: C

3. Ans: C .None of the shipments sent by Comcorp by Truax Construction last week was speciallyordered. The five specially ordered shipments sent out last week were sent out on Thursday, and each ofthose specially ordered shipments consisted entirely of building supplies.

[Special Order -> building supplies]

AND

"Four shipments were sent to Truax Construction last week, none of which consisted of buildingsupplies."

[shipments to Truax -> NOT building Supplies]

The above two statements tells us that Truax Construction did not get any building supplies last week,and all the special order were of building supplies.

Hence we can conclude that Shipments sent by Comcorp to Truax Corp were NOT specially ordered.

[Special Order -> building supplies] == [NOT building supplies -> NOT special order]

Therefore, [shipments to Truax -> NOT building Supplies] -> NOT Special order

4. Ans: C

5. Ans: A

6. Ans: C

7. Ans: B. Im guessing it is B over A because it is less wordy? Also the parallelism here didn't stick outto me at first, but now i see the "and then" signal connecting the "to increase" and the "to stabilize" Thereis one more reason why B is correct. "an extraction rate" correctly modifies six billion cubic feet a day.


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The rest of the answer choices are wrong because relative clause like "which" and "allowing" do notcorrectly modify six billion cubic feet.

9. first off, the construction (preposition) + NOUN + VERBing is WRONG, unless the preposition refersdirectly to the NOUN. (that isn't usually the case, so, if you're in doubt, you should strike choices withthis sort of construction.)

For instance: i've never heard of bees stinging dogs

WRONG. this is not an issue of whether you've heard of bees themselves; it's an issue of whether you'veheard of their stinging dogs.

...results in the act of stinging causing...

WRONG. this doesn't result in the act of stinging itself; it results in what is caused by the act of stinging.

i have a picture of my cousin playing hockey.

CORRECT. this time, the picture is actually of my cousin, so we're good.

therefore, (a) and (d) are wrong because of "...results in the act of stinging causing...".

OA is E. My queries to the instructors are:

10. Ans: A.

11. OA is A

12. Ans: B

13. Ans: A. First the "whale" is the subject as shown by "was subsequently butchered" and the word"fossils" is the subject as shown by "have been"... This seems like a red flag to me but it's the correctanswer. It reminds me of the grammar rule "one of the+plural noun+that/who + plural verb"..... does"that" in this sentence modify the prep phrase in this case too

If we break down this sentence, the CORE of the sentence (after we've stripped away themodifiers/middlemen) is:

"Fossils ... have been recovered." The subject of the sentence is fossils, NOT whale.

14. Ans: D. First, you should be able to answer this problem based on heavy hitters such as parallelism.

Choice (e) can be knocked out for its bad parallelism.

The two actions described at the beginning - cost plummeting, phones becoming more common - areclearly simultaneous, so we need to use parallel structure for these simultaneous events.

The first is "the cost ... has plummeted", so the second MUST be "phones ... have become increasinglycommon". it's not written that way, so (e) is incorrect.


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15. Between (B) and (C), there are two related issues, one of which is the determinant of the correctanswer: 1) modifier choice, and 2) meaning.

Choice (C) uses the relative pronoun "which" to introduce the modifying phrase "which weredwindling..." Anytime you see "which," you should check to make sure it is correctly refering to the nounimmediately preceding the comma, in this case "food supplies." So, that modifier is OK...it is the foodsupplies that were dwindling.

Choice (B) uses the modifying phrase "possibly as a result of an increase..." This phrase refers to theentire clause "foo

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