GM Clean Tech Overview

8/8/2019 GM Clean Tech Overview

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20201.1 billion vehicles

Circle the earth 125 times15% vehicle ownership


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Reserves

NorthAmerica

LatinAmerica WestEuropeand

Africa

MiddleEast EastEurope Far EastandPacific

Source: Comit professionel duptrole

Roughly Half of the known global oil reserves areused up

Produced


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44

Fuel

Infrastructure

PropulsionSystem

Petroleum(Conventional & Alternative Sources, CNG)

Bio Fuels(Ethanol E85, Biogas, Biodiesel)-

Hydrogen

Electricity

Time

ReducedPetroleumConsumption

ImprovedVehicle FuelEconomy &Emissions Hydrogen

Fuel Cell Vehicles

Battery Electric Vehicles (E-REV)

Alternative Fuel Vehicles

IC Engine andTransmissionImprovements

GM Environmental Strategy removing the automobilefrom the energy and environmental equation


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GM offering a range of technologies notone solution

Conventional Fuel (petrol/diesel)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

FlexFuel

Fuel Cell

EVs


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Multiple advantages with E85 in near-termMultiple advantages with E85 in near-term

Greater benefits from

2nd generation biofuels

Relatively inexpensive

Simple forcustomer

Improved Energy securityand independence

Stimulate growth

in agriculture

O2 emissions reductions

Cost-effective vehicletechnology

Ethanolbenefits

Ethanolbenefits

Easy forproducers

anddistributors


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Ethanol : potential to reduce CO2emissions from well to wheel up to

70%

Source: EUCAR-JRC-CONCAWE Joint WTW-Study, Update 20

CNG Compressed Natural GasCBG Compressed Bio-GasCHP Combined Heat and PowerNG GT Natural Gas Turbine

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

- IOGEN)

WTW

GHG

Emi

ssions

[g

CO2

eq/km]

Gasoline Diesel Bio-Diesel(FAME)CNG (pipeline4tkm) CBG(municipalwaste)

Ethanol(wheat,NGGT+CHP)

Ethanol(sugarbeet)

Ethanol(wheat straw,lignocellulose

Note: Ethanol = 100%

Ethanol(Sugarcane)


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Overcoming range anxiety ElectricVehicles

88

Many technologies available to reduce CO2 emissions on a well-

to-wheel basis but the challenge is always refuellinginfrastructure.

fuel providers have always been reluctant to make earlyinvestments before significant volumes of vehicles are on the roadConsumer wont buy the vehicles unless infrastructure is widelyavailable

From EV-1, we learned that:Consumers dont want to take the risk of being strandedConsumers dont want to wait for a ubiquitous refuellinginfrastructureConsumers dont want to have own/rent second vehicle for longer

trips

In short, most consumers wont make sacrifices for alow carbon car


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Successfully Establishing E-REV as a NewPropulsion Category

PHEV : Plug-in hybrid primary fuel:petroleum

EV : Electric vehicle Limited vehicle range

EREV : Extended-range electric vehiclepractical zero emission vehicle

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The Vauxhall Ampera

1001/12/11

E-REV Extended Range ElectricVehicle

Electrically driven (NOT a hybrid)

40 Miles of pure battery range average persons commute in the UK

On board generator to recharge thebattery when depleted overcome

range anxiety

On board generator takes the form ofan conventional internal combustionengine which can deliver severalhundred miles of extended range

Vehicle emits below 40g CO2/km based

on the current EU test cycle.

Meets all EU safety standards

Due to arrive as RHD in UK by 2012


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Lithium Ion Battery

16 kWh (8kWh usable)

High energy, high power inminimized package

Charged in approx. 3 hours @ 230Volts,

about 8 hours @ 110 Volts

10 years life/240,000 km

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1212

miles

In Europe over75% of customerscommute 60 Kmor less daily

8%3%5%7%10%

29%

22%17%

2 - 10 12 - 20 22 - 30 32 - 40 42 - 50 52 - 60 62 - 70 >70

E-Rev meets consumers needs


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Enablers for early commercialisation

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Strategic Policy required to send complementary signals tovehicle producers, consumers, infrastructure providers

Enablers for vehicle producers:support for continued development via Super Credits in EUCO2 legislation for cars under 50g CO2/kmSupport for continued research to improve batterytechnology and reduce costs

Consumers;Rebate at purchase to offset initial premium costsFree access to city parking, recharging baysAccelerated depreciation to encourage company car fleets.

Infrastructure providers:Roll-out plan for recharging infrastructure enable privatehome, multi resident, shopping centres charging

Building standards revised to require easily accessiblerecharging pointsInitial volume to use off-peak powerMatch growth on demand to additional renewable energycapacity


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In the future, E85 will continue to playan important role with electric mobility

GMs Extended Range Electric Vehicle Technology

Electric Drive vehicle with on-board generator to provide full driving range

E-85 capable

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The future Hydrogen fuel cell

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Part of GMs fleet ofover 100 4thgeneration Fuel CellElectric Vehicles

The Worlds largestFCEV market test

Gain experience fromreal world driving

Get customerfeedbackon vehicle andrefueling


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GM HydroGen 4

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Fourth generation fuel cellpropulsion system withimproved every-day suitability,performance and durability

Capable to start and operatein sub-freezing temperatures

Acceleration (0-100 km/h): 12 s

Top speed: 160 km/h

Customer friendly refueling

Fuel: 4.2 kg CGH2 (700 bar)

Fast fill: 3 min.

Range: 320 km


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GM Alternative Technologies available in Europe

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Zafira 1.6 CNG Combo 1.6 CNG

CNG E-85

Saab 9-3 BioPower 1.8t (SportSaloon, Sport Wagon & Convertible)

Saab 9-5 BioPower 2.0t & 2.3t(Saloon & Estate)

E-REV (2011-2012)

Chevrolet Volt

Opel/Vauxhall Ampera

LPG: For each model, Chevrolet offers at least 1 LPG

version: Matiz / Aveo/ Lacetti / Nubira / Epica /Captiva


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Thank you - anyquestions ?

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