Glycosylation II
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Tanta University
Faculty of Pharmacy
HINT-WG
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Amira Khaled
Rasha Khaled
Asmaa Alkhawaga
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Introduction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suN-sV0cT6c
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Proteins are very important molecules in our cells. They are involved in virtually all cell functions. Each protein within the body has a specific function.
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Introduction
http://biology.about.com/od/molecularbiology/a/aa101904a.htm
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Introduction
Antibodies
Contractile Proteins
EnzymesStructural Proteins
Hormonal Proteins
Storage Proteins
Transport Proteins
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http://biology.about.com/od/molecularbiology/a/aa101904a.htm
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Amino acids - The protein building blocks
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Introduction
http://proteinas.guru/img/proteinas/articles/estructura-aminoacido.png
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http://www.geneinfinity.org/sp/sp_aaprops.html
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Levels of protein structure
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
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Introduction
http://faculty.etsu.edu/millerh/workshop/geneticcode.htm
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Protein synthesis
https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=619630998180835&set=vb.513153435495259&type=2&theater
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http://www.proteinsynthesis.or
g/what-is-protein-
synthesis/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l4wgREG-DJ0
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http://www.fmp-berlin.info/de/research/molekula
re-physiologie-und-zellbiologie/research-
groups/schuelein/researchinterestsproteintraffic.html
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Post-translational modification
PTM is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posttranslational_modification
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Post-translational modification
Modification involving peptide bonds
Modification of amino acids
Protein folding
Subunit aggregation
Acetylation
ADP-ribosylation
Carboxylation
Glycosylation
Fatty Acylation
Hydroxylation
Methylation
Phosphorylation
Prenylation
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http://www.slideshare.net/srnsankar/protein-glycosylation-and-its-associated-disorders?qid=4a5fa0c4-119b-4b01-b689-7c3cade845c5&v=default&b=&from_search=4
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Glycosylation
Glycan
Protein
enzymes glycoprotein
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosylation
proteoglycan
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Glycoprotein Proteoglycan
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Five classes of glycans are produced:
N-linked glycans
O-linked glycans
C-linked glycans
phospho-glycans
Glypiation
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Types of Glycosylation
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Types of Glycosylation
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Aglycosylation, is a feature of engineered antibodies to bypass glycosylation.
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Purpose
Folding correctly
Stability
to avoid degrades
cell-cell adhesion
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Glycan
Protein
Glycationenzymes
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosylation
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_glycation_end-product
Advanced Glycation End-product
AGEs are substances that can be a factor in the development of many degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic renal failure, and Alzheimer's diseases erythropoiesis.
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http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/114/6/597/F1.expansion.html
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Mechanism
The most complex post-translational modification.
The donor molecule is often an activatednucleotide sugar.
It is a site-specific modification.
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http://plantphys.info/plant_physiology/basic
cytology1.shtml
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N-linked glycosylation
The attachment of a sugar molecule to a nitrogen of aspara-gine or arginine side chains.
requires participation of dolichol phosphate
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-linked_glycosylation
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-linked_glycosylation
N-linked glycosylation
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O-linked glycosylation
The attachment of a sugar molecule to an oxygen atom in an amino acid residue in a protein.
dolichol phosphateis not involved. 3
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RorGifz6C2Y
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Fertilization
Erythropoietin
Blood groups
lymphocyte movement
Glycoproteins are involved in many biological process…
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Fertilization
http://csls-text.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/active/12_07.html
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Erythropoietin EPOIt is a glycoprotein
hormone produced by kidney that controls erythropoiesis.
It is about 165 amino acids;
• N glycosylated to 3 asp residue.
• O glycosylated on serresidue. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythropoietin
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• Eprex® is synthetic erythropoietin (epoetinalfa) and is used to replace the erythropoietin.
http://chealth.canoe.ca/drug_info_details.asp?brand_name_id=1174
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Erythropoietin EPO
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Blood groups
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http://www.glycoforum.gr.jp/science/hyaluronan/HA32/HA32E.html
Actin ligand interaction in lymphocyte movement
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Disorders
Diseases
Cancer
Congenital disorder of glycosylation
leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2
leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Cell disease
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Congenital disorder of glycosylation
Autosomal recessive disorder.
Especially affect the nervous system, musclesand intestines in affected infants.
Result in psychomotor retardation.
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http://www.slideshare.net/srnsankar/protein-glycosylation-and-its-associated-
disorders?qid=4a5fa0c4-119b-4b01-b689-7c3cade845c5&v=default&b=&from_search=4
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Type I disorder
http://disorders.eyes.arizona.edu/disorders/congenital-disorder-
glycosylation-type-ij
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Type II disorder
http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/v10/n5/fig_tab/nm0504-457_F1.html
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http://www.raysahelian.com/carnosine.html
carnosine
L-Carnosine is naturally produced in the body by the enzyme carnosine synthetase. This nutrient supports healthy aging and cellular rejuvenation.
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