Gloudemans1, J. de Laat1,2, C. Dijkstra1, H. Schrijver1, I. Aben1, G. vd Werf3, M. Krol1,4

Interannual variability of CO and its relation to long-range transport and biomass burning

11SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research 22KNMI, KNMI, 33VU, VU, 44WURWUR

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SCIAMACHY CO retrievals: a real challenge!SCIAMACHY CO retrievals: a real challenge! CO lines SWIR ~2310-2380 nm, CO lines SWIR ~2310-2380 nm, sensitive down to Earth surface where sensitive down to Earth surface where the CO sources arethe CO sources are CO lines are weak and often overlap with strong HCO lines are weak and often overlap with strong H22O and CHO and CH44 lines lines

Important instrument calibration issues further complicate the CO Important instrument calibration issues further complicate the CO retrievals, in particular:retrievals, in particular:

Presence of ice layer on the detector Presence of ice layer on the detector Increasing number of dead/bad detector pixels (radiation damage)Increasing number of dead/bad detector pixels (radiation damage)

Surface reflectance SWIR: Surface reflectance SWIR: Oceans <0.01Oceans <0.01Densely vegetated areas ~0.05Densely vegetated areas ~0.05Dry desert regions >0.5Dry desert regions >0.5Clouds ~0.3-0.5Clouds ~0.3-0.5

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Enhanced carbon monoxideEnhanced carbon monoxidefrom Greek forest firesfrom Greek forest fires

OMI aerosol index

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SCIAMACHY COSCIAMACHY CO

Gloudemans et al. (2009) ACP, 9, 3799-3813

Cloud top height (hPa)

Red: high clouds, small cloud top pressures

Blue: low clouds, large cloud top pressures

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Validation with ground-based dataValidation with ground-based data

From: De Laat et al. (2010), AMTD, in press

Thanks to NDACC, R.Sussmann,T.Borsdorff, and all other data providers for providing ground-based CO column data

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Validation with ground-based dataValidation with ground-based data

From: De Laat et al. (2010), AMTD, in press

Time-dependent negative bias in Southern Hemisphere South of ~40oS

SC

IA -

GB

S

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Gloudemans et al. (2009) ACP, 9, 3799-3813

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Transport of biomass-burning COTransport of biomass-burning CO

Gloudemans et al. (GRL, 2006)

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Gloudemans et al. (GRL, 2006)

Van der Werf et al. (ACP, 2006)

South American emissions

• S-America biomass-burning (BB) emissions much higher in 2004

• modeled emissions possibly still too low

• signal BB S-America primarily from S-America, peak Sept.

• signal BB Africa primarily from Africa, with a contribution from

S-America which lags in time ~few weeks.

• in Australia, depending on the location the main contribution

sometimes originates from BB in S-America !!

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Interannual variation in biomass-burningInterannual variation in biomass-burning

Torres et al. (ACP, 2010)

—South America…Central Africa

SCIAMACHY CO South America

Central Africa

Central Australia

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Interannual variability over IndonesiaInterannual variability over Indonesia

Gloudemans et al. (2009) ACP, 9, 3799-3813

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http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/elnino_wildfire.html

Gloudemans et al. (2009)

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Gloudemans et al. (2009) ACP, 9, 3799-3813

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SCIAMACHY CO and transport of Asian pollutionSCIAMACHY CO and transport of Asian pollution

Variability SCIAMACHY CO very similar to MOPITT

Turquety et al. (2008, ACP)

De Laat et al. (2010, JGR)

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ConclusionsConclusions

• SCIAMACHY can measure CO over the oceans above low cloudsSCIAMACHY can measure CO over the oceans above low clouds

• Instrument noise error good indication of overall error in COInstrument noise error good indication of overall error in CO

• SCIAMACHY CO agrees well with ground-based observationsSCIAMACHY CO agrees well with ground-based observations

• Time-dependent bias detected in Southern HemisphereTime-dependent bias detected in Southern Hemisphere

• Enhanced CO due to biomass burning, the corresponding long-range Enhanced CO due to biomass burning, the corresponding long-range

transport and their inter-annual variation are clearly seen:transport and their inter-annual variation are clearly seen:

clear contribution of CO emitted by South-American forest fires to CO clear contribution of CO emitted by South-American forest fires to CO

enhancements over Australiaenhancements over Australia : >50% over central Australia in 2004 : >50% over central Australia in 2004

• Long-range transport of pollution from Asia clearly seenLong-range transport of pollution from Asia clearly seen

• Interannual variations can be studied: year-to-year changes in good Interannual variations can be studied: year-to-year changes in good

agreement with MOPITT, models, FTIR, ....agreement with MOPITT, models, FTIR, ....

www.sciamachy.org/products

2003-2007 data available, more years and new retrieval version under way (poster 008-D2)

contact : a.gloudemans@sron.nl

Quick look of SCIAMACHY CO data with Google Earth:

http://www.sron.nl/google_earth

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SCIAMACHY CHSCIAMACHY CH44 cloud top pressures cloud top pressures

Low clouds: surface – 800 hPa

High clouds: pressure <800 hPa

Gloudemans et al. (2009)

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Retrieval version: IMLM v7.4Retrieval version: IMLM v7.4

Gloudemans et al. (2009) ACP, 9, 3799-3813

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SCIAMACHY CO over the oceans: cloudsSCIAMACHY CO over the oceans: clouds

Red: high clouds, small cloud top pressures

Blue: low clouds, large cloud top pressures

Cloud top height (hPa)

Gloudemans et al. (2009)