8/12/2019 Glossary ENGL

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Glossary

The Glossary contains 37 terms.

ACEFHILOPRST

A

Term Definition

Active ReadingInteracting with and thinking about the text, maintaining a dialogue with the author as you question, judge, and respond tothe information and claims

Annotationjotting down notes in the margin of the text as you read actively--noting important terms/definitions, names/places/dates,summary of main ideas, questions, arguments, etc.

Argumenta form of persuasion, based on logic and reason, in which certain reasons (evidence) are offered to support a conclusion(claim)

ArgumentativeThesis

the primary claim made in an argument; what you're trying to prove

Audiencethe people to whom you are writing; the group you're targeting with your information or argument (Your primary audience is

NOT your instructor or classmates)

C

Term Definition

Claims statements saying something is true or should be done; what you're trying to convince others to believe

clarity clear, simple, precise

Coherence understandable

cohesion focused, everything sticks together

Concise Writing brief and to the point; uses no more words than are necessary for clarity and good style

Conclusion ties everything together and brings the essay to a satisfying close

continuity logically organized, everything flows smoothly together

Counterclaims rebuttal; statements made against a particular position

Creative thinkingan active, purposeful, cognitive process we use to develop ideas that are interesting, unique, useful, and worthy of further

elaboration

credible truthful, authoritative, believable

Critical thinkingan active, purposeful, organized cognitive process we use to carefully examine our thinking and the thinking of others, inorder to clarify and improve our understanding

E

Term Definition

Ethos the ethical appeal; appeals to and establishes a writer's credibility and ethics

Evidence proof; demonstrates the reasonableness of a claim

F

Term Definition

Facts verifiable information

Free writinga heuristic device using spontaneous writing, in informal paragraph form, to generate ideas; the writer does not worry about

grammar, organization, spelling, etc. while writing; should take about 10 minutes in a relaxed setting

H

Term Definition

Heuristic devicesinvention strategies used to generate ideas for your paper; they include methods such as brainstorming, free-writing, and

mapping

I

Term Definition

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8/12/2019 Glossary ENGL

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Introduction grabs the readers' attention; sets of the context of the essay and establishes the focus; ends with a thesis statement

Issue topic; something that can be argued or debated

L

Term Definition

Logic fallaciesfaulty or unsound logic that weakens one's argument (e.g., slippery slope, overgeneralization, begging the question, illogical

cause and effect, non sequiter, etc.)

Logos the logical appeal; appeals to the audience's sense of reason and logic

O

Term Definition

Objective writing a neutral, unbiased reporting of information about a topic

P

Term Definition

Pathosthe emotional appeal; appeals to the audience's emotions (sympathy, empathy, guilt, anger, etc.) and shared values(patriotism, faith, sex appeal, the pocketbook, etc.)

Persuasion the purpose of argument--convincing others to agree with you

Plagiarism academic theft; using someone else's words, ideas, judgments, conclusions without giving credit to the original source

Position the stand taken on a subject

Problem-Solvingprocress

1. What is the problem? 2. What are the alternatives? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative? 4.What is the solution? 5. How well is the solution working?

R

Term Definition

Reporting stating verifiable, factual truth about a topic in a neutral, unbiased way

Rhetoric the effective use of language to convey your ideas to an audience

Rogerian argumentnon-confrontational; non-adversarial; works well with highly emotional issues because the arguer seeks to diffuse thetension, open lines of communication between parties, and reach consensus to solve a problem; solving the problem is moreimportant than winning the argument

S

Term Definition

Subjective writing writing based on the author's feelings and opinions about a topic

T

Term Definition

Thesis statementa one-sentence, formal statement of the essay's main idea or claim; usually found at the end of the Introduction in academic

writing

Topic sentencre a sentence stating the paragraph's main idea; usually found at the beginning of the paragraph in academic writing

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