Glossary - Pemex · Cracking. Cracking process of great oil molecules in smaller ones. When this...
Transcript of Glossary - Pemex · Cracking. Cracking process of great oil molecules in smaller ones. When this...
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Condensate.
Liquidhydrocarbonsobtainedfromnaturalgasrecoveredincon-ventional surface separators at producing oil and gas fields. In-cludesliquidhydrocarbonscondensedinnaturalgaspipelines.
Crudeoil.
Excludes condensates and natural gas liquids production.Thecrudeoilrecoveredcanbelightorheavyasfollows:
Heavy crude oil.CrudeoilwithAPIgravitylessorequalthan27°.MostofthisoilisproducedintheCampecheBasin.
Light crude oil.CrudeoilwithAPIgravity range from27° to38°.This type is produced in the Campeche Basin and othersareasinthecountry.
Lighter crude oil.CrudeoilwithAPIgravityhigherthan38°.ThistypeofcrudeoilisproducedintheMesozoicareasoftheSouthernRegionRegardingcrudeoilmarketing,
Mexicoexportsthreevarietieswiththefollowingtypicalchar-acteristics:
Maya.Heavycrudeoil,22°APIgravityand3.3weight%sulfur.
Istmo.Lightcrudeoil,33.6°APIgravityand1.3weight%sulfur.
Olmeca.Very lightcrudeoil,39.3°APIgravityand0.8weight%sulfur.
Domesticsales.
InvoicedsalesbyPEMEXtodistributorsandnationalcustomersthroughoutthecountry.
Regionalizationforsalesofrefinedproducts.
Startingfrom2002theregionalizationusedbythePresidencyofMexicanRepublicisadopted.
Centre region:Edo.deMéxico,DistritoFederal,More-los,Tlaxcala,HidalgoandPuebla.
Northeast region:Chihuahua,Durango,Coahuila,Tam-aulipasandNuevoLeón.
Northwest region:BajaCalifornia,BajaCaliforniaSur,SonoraandSinaloa.
Centre-west region:Nayarit,Zacatecas,Aguascalientes,Jalisco,Colima,SanLuisPotosí,Guanajuato,QuerétaroandMichoacán.
South-southeast region: Veracruz, Guerrero, Oaxaca,Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán and QuintanaRoo.
Publicprices.
Thepublicpricesthatarepresentedcorrespondtodifferentref-erenceplacesandareshowninthefolllowingtable:
Drillingrigsinoperation.
Averagenumberofrigsdailyengagedindrillingwellsandcor-respondingactivitiessuchasdisassembling,transport,andmain-tenance.
Drynaturalgas.
Itisnaturalgasfreeofheavierliquidhydrocarbons(naturalgasliq-uids)consistingofethane,propane,butanesandnaturalgasoline.
Field(producing).
Fieldswithproducingwells,whichincludeproducingandwaterinjection wells in operation and productive wells temporarilyshut-off.
Glossary
Product Referenceplace
Jetfuel Mexicocityairport
Heavyfueloil ProducingCenterTula
Acrylonitrile EmbarkingCenterTula
Ammonia ProducingCenterCosoleacaque
Vinylchloride ProducingCenterPajaritos
Styrene ProducingCenterCangrejera
MonoethyleneglycolFG ProducingCenterMorelos
Ethyleneoxide ProducingCenterMorelos
Highdensitypolyethylene ProducingCenterMorelos
Lowdensitypolyethylene ProducingCenterCangrejera
Toluene ProducingCenterCangrejera
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Liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG).
It isagaseousmixtureofpropaneandbutane indifferentpro-portions.Itisobtainedduringthefractionationofthenaturalgasliquidsorduringthefractionationofthecrudeoilitself.Lighterfractionofcrudeoilusedfordomesticandcarburetionpurposes.
Naturalgas.
Lightparaffinhydrocarbonmixture,meanlymethane,withsmallamountsofethaneandpropane,andinvariableproportionsofnitrogen,carbondioxideandhydrogensulfide.Naturalgascanbeassociatedwithcrudeoilorinindependentforminunassoci-atedgaswells.
Naturalgasoline.
Itisahighlyvolatilemixtureofpentanesandheavierhydrocar-bonsaspartofthenaturalgasliquids.Normallyit isaddedtotheautomotivegasolinetoincreaseitsvaporpressure,aswellasfor starting gasoline engines to low temperatures.The naturalgasoline isalsoused inpetroleumindustryproviding isobutaneandisopentane,whichareusedinthealkylationprocess.
Petrochemicalproducts.
Arethosechemicalswhicharederivedinwholeorinpartfromcrude oil or natural gas. Pemex produces petrochemicals andother products that are classifi ed as basic petrochemicals ac-cording to the governmentresolution published on November13,1996inthegovernment´sofficialdailybulletin.Thefollow-ingbasicpetrochemicalscanbemanufacturedonlybythestatethroughPemexorwholly-ownedPemex´ssubsidiaries.
1.-Ethane2.-Propane3.-Butanes4.-Pentanes5.-Hexane6.-Heptane7.-Carbonblack8.-Naphthas9.-Methane,whenitproceedsfromhydrogencarbidesoriginate
inthereservoirslocatedinnationalterritoryandisusedasrawmaterialinindustrialpetrochemicalprocesses.
Aditionally some products manufactured by Pemex are notstrictlypetrochemicals,neverthelesstheyaretraditionallycon-sideredsosincetheyarerawmaterialsorbyproductsofpetro-chemicalplants.
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ProcessesofPemexRefinación.
Alkylation.Processbymeansofwhichanisoparaffin(ofshortchain)combineswithanolefininthepresenceofacatalysttoformotherisoparaffin(oflargebranched-chain)calledalkylatewhichhasahigh-octane.
Cracking. Cracking process of great oil molecules in smallerones.Whenthisprocessisreachedonlybyapplicationofheat,it is known as thermal disintegration. It is known as catalyticdisintegrationifacatalystisused;andashydrocrackingprocessifitismadeinahydrogenatmosphere.
Distillation. Process that consists of heating up a liquid untiltheirmorevolatilecomponentsget theirvaporphase inordertobeseparated,thereforetheyarerecoveredinliquidphaseby-condensation.Themeanlytargetofthedistillationistoseparateamixtureofseveralcomponentstakingadvantageoftheirdif-ferentboilingpoints,ortoseparatethevolatilematerialsfromthenonvolatileones.
Fractionation.Itisadistillationprocessinwhichsmallfractionsareseparatedfromahydrocarbonmixture.
Hydrodesulfurization.Thisprocesseliminatessulfurbyitstrans-formationintohydrogensulfidefromagaseousstream,whichitcanbeeasilyseparatedandtransformedtoelementalsulfur.
Isomerization. Process by means of which the fundamentalstructureofamoleculeisrearrangedbutnothingisaddedtoortakenawayfromtheoriginalmolecule.Butaneisisomerizedintoisobutaneforbeingusedinisobutylenealkylationandotherolefinsforhigh-octanehydrocarbonproduction.
Reforming. It is a process that improves the octane number(anti-detonationquality)of fractionsof gasolinebymodifyingtheirmolecularstructure.Itisknownascatalyticreformingbe-causeacatalystisused.
Refiningcapacity.
Capacityperdayinoperation,notcapacitypercalendarday.Thecapacityper day in operation refers to themaximumvolumeprocessed by a plant working without interruptions. Capacitypercalendardayincludesthenormalinterruptionsduetomain-tenanceandothercauses.
Region.
GeographycalcoverageassumedbyPemexExploraciónyPro-ducciónforadministrativedivision.TheheadquartersarelocatedalongthecoastoftheGulfofMexico:PozaRica,Ver.(NorthernRegion),Villahermosa,Tab.(SouthernRegion)andCiudaddelCarmen,Cam.(NortheasternMarineRegionandSouthwesternMarineRegion).
Integral assets. Administrativesubdivisionofeachregion.Asaresultoftherestructuringoftheregionsaroundtheirmaininte-gralassets,thesearedistributedasfollows:
Northeastern Marine Region:CantarellandKu-Maloob-Zaap.Southwestern Marine Region: Abkatún-Pol-Chuc andLitoraldeTabasco.Southern Region:Bellota-Jujo,CincoPresidentes,Mac-uspana,MuspacandSamaria-Luna.Northern Region:Burgos,PozaRica-AltamiraandVe-racruz.
Reserves.
Proved reserves (1P). Volumeofhydrocarbonsmeasuredatat-mosphericconditionsthatcanbeeconomicallyproducedwiththemethodsandapplicableexploitationsystemsatthemomentoftheevaluation,asmuchprimaryassecondary.
Probable reserves (2P).Amount of hydrocarbons estimated atspecific date, in perforated or not perforated traps, defi ned bygeologicandgeophysicalmethods,locatedinadjacentproducingdepositsareaswhereitisconsideredthatprobabilitiesexistofob-tainingtechnicallyandeconomicallyproductionofhydrocarbons,atthesamestratigraphiclevelwhereprovenreservesexist.
Possible reserves (3P). Amount of hydrocarbons estimatedatspecificdate,innonperforatedtraps,definedbygeologicandgeophysicalmethods,locatedindistantareasfromtheproduc-ers,butwithinthesameproducinggeologicprovince,withpos-sibilitiesofobtainingtechnicallyandeconomicallyhydrocarbonproduction, at the same stratigraphic level wher e proven re-servesexist.
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SanJoséAgreement.
InAugust3,1980MexicoenteredintoanagreementwithVen-ezuela to provide each one 80,000 barrels of crude oil dailyandrefinedproductstoseveralCentralAmericaandCaribbeancountriesunderfavourablesaleconditions.
Sourgas.
Itisnaturalgascontaininghydrogensulfideandcarbondioxide(theselastoneingreaterconcentrationsupto50ppm).
Specialtaxonproductionandservices(SDPS).
Inthe2005fiscalyear,onlyweremonthlytaxedthegasolinesanddieselforautomotiveusewithataxingformulathatmixinterna-tionalpricesreferences,costofdistributionandotherfactors.
Wells.
Accordingtotheirfunction,wellsareclassifiedinexploratory,which includestratigraphic testwells, anddevelopment,whichincludeinjectionwells.Accordingtothedegreeofcompletion,theyareclassifiedinwellsdrilledandwellscompleted.
Wells drilled.Arethosewhoserotarydrillingoperationhasbeenconcludedandhavecementedcasing,buttheactivitiesofcom-pletionstillhavenotstarted.
Wells completed. Drilled wells whose total depth has beenreached;casinghasbeenrunandcementedandisreadytopro-duceafterbeingperforatedcontiguouslytotheproducingzone;tubing is run; and control and flow valves are installed at thewellhead.
Wetgas.
Itisnaturalgasthatcontainsmorethan3gallonsofliquidhy-drocarbonsperthousandcubicfeetofgas.
Notes:
–Thetotalsmaynotaddduetorounding.–Annualchangesareonaweightbasis.–Theamountsfordomesticsalesandforeigncommercecomefromoperativeareasandtheycannot
coincidewiththefiguresgivenbyfinancialareasduetothetimeelapsedbetweenphysicaldeliveryoftheproductanditsaccountrecord.
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°C Celsiusdegrees
kg/cm2 Kilogrampersquarecentimeter
km Kilometer
m Meter
bd Barrelsdaily
Mbd Thousandbarrelsdaily
MMb Millionbarrels
MMbpce Millionbarrelsofcrudeoilequivalente
Mm3 Thousandcubicmeters
MMMpc Billioncubicfeet
MMpcd Millioncubicfeetdaily
Mt Thousandtonnes
MTBE Methyltertiary-butylether
SDPS Specialtaxonproductionandservices
INPC Nationalpriceindextoconsumer
VAT Valueaddedtax
CPG Gasprocessingcenter
OPEC OrganizationofthePetroleumExportingCountries
PGPB PemexGasyPetroquímicaBásica
PIDIREGAS Projectsofproductiveinfrastructureoflongterm
ppm Partspermillion
MMUS$ MillionofU.S.dollars
MM$ MillionofMexicanpesos
US$/b U.S.dollarsperbarrel
US$/MMBtu U.S.dollarspermillionofBTU
WTI WestTexasIntermediate
$/kg Mexicanpesosperkilogram
$/m3 Mexicanpesospercubicmeter
... Negligiblefigure
- Zerovalue
Nomenclature
Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) es una empresa paraestatal integrada y es responsable de desarrollar los recursos de hidrocarburos del país. Es tam-bién una de las mayores productoras de petróleo crudo y gas natural del mundo, operando a través de un corporativo y cuatro organismos subsidia-rios: PEMEX Exploración y Producción se encarga de explorar y desarrollar las reservas de petróleo crudo y gas natural de México. PEMEX Refinación se ocupa de transformar el petróleo crudo en gasolinas, turbosinas, diesel, combustóleo y gas licuado del petróleo, así como de distribuir y comercializar la mayor parte de dichos productos en el país. PEMEX Gas y Petroquímica
Básica procesa gas natural y líquidos del gas natural; transporta, distribuye y comercializa gas natural y gas licuado en México; y elabora y comercia-liza varios productos petroquímicos básicos. PEMEX Petroquímica produce y comercializa materias primas petroquímicas entre las cuales se incluyen, derivados del metano y del etano como el amoniaco, metanol y polietilenos, además de otras olefinas y aromáticos. PMI Comercio Internacional, empresa subsidiaria de PEMEX, proporcio-na a los cuatro organismos subsidiarios servicios relacionados con el comer-cio exterior.