Gloria Nwagwu MSN, FNP-BC, RN Chapter 15 Caring for the Postpartal Woman and Her Family.

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Gloria Nwagwu MSN, FNP-BC, RN Chapter 15 Caring for the Postpartal Woman and Her Family

Transcript of Gloria Nwagwu MSN, FNP-BC, RN Chapter 15 Caring for the Postpartal Woman and Her Family.

Gloria Nwagwu MSN, FNP-BC, RN

Chapter 15Caring for the Postpartal Woman and Her

Family

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Question?The most effective and least expensive

treatment of puerperal infection is prevention. What is important in this strategy?

a. Large doses of vitamin C during pregnancy

b. Prophylactic antibioticsc. Strict aseptic technique, including

handwashing, by all health care personnel

d. Limited protein

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Fourth TrimesterBegins immediately after childbirthPuerperium—first 6 weeks after birthClose observation—identify hemorrhage

and complications during first critical hour

Ongoing education and support

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Safety for Mother and InfantPrevent infant abductions

Check ID bands

Educate mother about safety measures

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Early Maternal AssessmentVital signs

Temperature—below 100.4oF (38oC)Pulse—bradycardiaBlood pressureRespirations

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FundusImmediate postpartum—halfway between

the symphysis pubis and the umbilicus1 hour postpartum—level of the umbilicus

or one fingerbreadth aboveThen, descends one fingerbreadth each

dayAssess lochia

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Perineal AssessmentSim’s positionREEDAHemorrhoids

Teach regarding comfort measuresIf severe, teach how to manually reposition

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Postpartum Assessment Guide

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Bubble-HeBreastsUterusBladderBowelLochiaEpisiotomy

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Other Important ComponentsMaternal painHomans’ signMother’s emotional statusInfant bonding

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Breast Assessment

Firmness, fillingNodulesFissures, cracksBloodDried milk Erect or inverted nipples

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Assessment of UterusPlacental expulsion usually occurs within 15

minutes after birthUterine contractions control bleedingTechnique for uterine palpationInvolutionSubinvolution

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Fundal AssessmentLocation immediately after birthDescends 1 cm/dayConsistencyLocationHeight

Measured in fingerbreadths

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AfterpainsOccur during process of involutionMore pronounced in multiparaNursing care

Explain causeProne position with abdominal pillowSitz bathsEncourage ambulationAdminister mild analgesics

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BladderSpontaneous void within 6 to 8 hours ppMonitor first voidingAnticipate maternal diuresisUrinary output may reach 3000 mL/dayUrine volume, flow returns to pre-pregnant

levels within 2 to 3 days pp

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Assessment Findings: BladderIncomplete emptying OverdistentionUrinary retentionNursing interventions

Support and enhance attempts to void

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BowelHunger and thirst after childbirthRelaxin—depresses bowel motilityStrategies to prevent constipation

Early ambulationAbundant fluidsHigh-fiber diet

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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LochiaCharacteristic indicative of status in

process of involutionLochia rubraLochia serosaLochia albaDocument amount

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Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Episiotomy1 to 2 inch surgical incisionAssess REEDAIce for first 24 hoursMoist heat—Sitz bathDry heat—hot packs

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Pain AssessmentDetermine sourceDocument location, type, and durationAdminister Tylenol or IbuprofenSitz bathEducate regarding nonpharmacological

measures

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Assess for DVTHomans’ sign

Dorsiflex foot and ask about painClinical assessment

Erythema, unequal calf circumference, heatClinical signs are NOT reliable

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Emotional StatusWide range of emotionsMay be sad during first 1 to 2 weeks ppOngoing assessment and educationEducate regarding “baby blues”

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Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleyMaternal Physiological

AdaptationsContinued Assessment of the Patient

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Hematological SystemDecrease in blood volume

Blood lossDiuresis

White blood count increased x 5 to 6 daysFibrinogen increased

Returns to normal by third to fourth week

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Hormonal LevelsEstrogen and progesterone decrease

Anterior pituitary—prolactin

Placental lactogen, cortisol, growth hormone, and insulinase levels decreaseInsulin needs decrease—“Honeymoon phase”

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Neurological SystemAltered sleep patterns—maternal fatigueNumbness in legs, dizziness

Safety for infant and motherHeadaches

Assess quality and location, and carefully monitor vital signs

Implement environmental interventions

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Renal System, Fluid and ElectrolytesGFR, Creatinine, and BUN return to pre-

pregnant levels within 2 to 3 monthsUrinary glucoseProteinuriaRapid, sustained natriuresis and diuresisOutput may reach 3000 mL/day

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Respiratory SystemRespiratory alkalosis and compensated

metabolic acidosis may persist

Decrease in intra-abdominal pressureRelief from dyspnea

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Integumentary System

Hormonal changes cause skin alterationsMost disappearStriae gravidarum

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Cardiovascular System

Delivery of the baby, expulsion of the placenta, and loss of amniotic fluid can create cardiovascular instability

Cardiac output remains elevatedPhysiological diuresis

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Immune SystemRho (D) immune globulin (RhoGAM)Rubella vaccination

Nonimmune statusSigned consent formAvoid pregnancy for 1 monthFlu-type symptoms may occur

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Reproductive SystemInvolution of uterusHealing of placental siteVaginal changesLabia majora and labia minora flaccid

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Menstruation and OvulationNonlactating women

Menstruation returns in 6 to 8 weeksFirst cycle may be anovulatory

Lactating womenDelayed ovulation and menstruationEducate—ovulation can precede

menstruation, need contraception

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Gastrointestinal System Decreased gastric motilityDecreased muscle tone in abdominal wallConstipation

Stool softeners

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Musculoskeletal SystemLaxity of pelvic joints and ligaments Relaxation of soft tissuesMuscle fatigueBody achesRectus abdominis diastasis

Correct posture Modified sit-ups

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleyEnhancing Cultural

SensitivityConduct cultural assessmentsExpand knowledge and understanding

Culturally influenced beliefs Common health care practices Customs and rituals

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Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Question?To provide optimum care for the postpartum

woman, the nurse understands that the most common causes of subinvolution are:

a. Postpartum hemorrhage and infection.b. Multiple gestation and postpartum

hemorrhage.c. Uterine tetany and overproduction of

oxytocin.d. Retained placental fragments and infection.

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Promoting Recovery and Self-Care

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Activity and RestEarly postpartum ambulationMild exercises

KegelIncrease gradually

Encourage frequent rest periodsObtain adequate sleep

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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NourishmentWeight lossAppetiteBalanced dietMultivitamin supplementIron if hemoglobin low

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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EliminationVoid every 4 to 6 hoursMonitor intake and output x 24 hoursIncreased risk of infectionUrinary retentionConstipation

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Perineal CareRisk of infectionTeach perineal hygieneHand washingTampons contraindicatedCesarean births

Nurse provides perineal care until ambulatory

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Ice PacksReduce edema and painVasoconstriction and numbingApply for 20 minutes every 2 to 4 hoursFirst 24 hours

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Afterbirth PainIntermittent uterine contractions during

involutionBreastfeeding (release of oxytocin)Duration: 2 to 3 daysMild analgesics

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Special Considerations

Women with HIV/AIDS Gloves, safety glasses Discourage breastfeeding Patient teaching for infant safety

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Postpartal Surgical PatientTubal ligationCesarean birthIncisional woundRecovery from anesthesiaRespiratory care

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Infant Feeding ChoicesBreastfeedingBottle feedingEducateSupport

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Physiology of LactationBreast structure

Lactogenesis

Milk ejection reflex—“let down” reflex

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleyAssisting the

Breastfeeding MotherStrategies for Success

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

BreastfeedingInitiating the feedingAchieving proper latch-onAssessing for milk let-downAssuming a position of comfortAssessing for infant weight gain

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Ineffective BreastfeedingIncorrect latch-on (nipple trauma)Breast engorgement

Complementary careEthnocultural considerations

Collecting and storing breast milk

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Expressing Breast MilkManual—handElectric pumpTypes of breast pumpsStorage of breast milkWeaning

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Formula FeedingSafe Practices

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Family and Infant BondingTransition to parenthoodAssuming the mothering role

Rubin’s phasesPaternal bondingFactors that interrupt bonding

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleyAdjustment of

Other Family Members

SiblingsTips for parents

Grandparents

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleyEmotional Events

During the Puerperium

First 3 months most vulnerable periodBaby bluesPostpartum depressionPostpartum psychosis

Physiological response—tiredness, fatigue

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

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Discharge Planning and TeachingMaternal Self-Care

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Maternal Self-AssessmentFundus and lochiaHygieneAbdominal incisionBody temperatureElimination Nutrition

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Maternal Self-AssessmentFatigueWeight lossExercisePain managementMoodSexual activity and contraception

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Special Needs PopulationsAdolescent mothers

Woman placing infant for adoption

Older mothers

Maternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesMaternal-Child Nursing CareMaternal-Child Nursing CareOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & FamiliesOptimizing Outcomes for Mothers, Children, & Families

Susan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton HisleySusan WardSusan WardShelton HisleyShelton Hisley

Community ResourcesSupport groupsHome visitsTelephone follow-upOutpatient clinics