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GLORIA MARIS

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KONINKLIJKE BELGISCHE VERENIGING VOOR CONCHYLIOLOGIE

[VOL. 54 (3) 13 December 2015]

Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774) form copiae Born, 1778,

° France / at present in terrarium Fraussen, Aarschot, Belgium Photo: Koen Fraussen

Royal Belgian Society for Conchology

76 CONTENTS: Scientific contributions

1. A. Verhecken The Bordestrap and related 18th century Dutch vernacular names for Trigonostoma scalare (Gmelin, 1791) and T. scala (Gmelin, 1791) (Neogastropoda: Cancellariidae)

2. K. Monsecour & D. Monsecour New species of Columbellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from French Polynesia

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77

The Bordestrap and related 18th century Dutch vernacular names for

Trigonostoma scalare (Gmelin, 1791) and T. scala (Gmelin, 1791) (Neogastropoda: Cancellariidae)

André VERHECKEN

Operational Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium

andre.verhecken@telenet.be Keywords: Bordestrap, Delphinula, Trigonostoma, trigonostoma, type, scalare, pellucida, scala, Richard, catalogue. Abstract: The complicated history of the prelinnean vernacular name Bordestrap is followed in an attempt to trace the type material of Delphinula trigonostoma Lamarck, 1822. The syntype figured by Favanne could not be traced; shell MHNG 1095/34 is to all evidence a second syntype; it was in the collections of general Paris and of prof. Richard before it entered the Delessert collection. None of the few shells present in 18th century Dutch collections could be traced. Introduction: In the second half of the 18th century and till early in the 19th century, a then very rare shell was referred to under the vernacular name Bordestrap in international literature. This Dutch word refers to the architectural structure of a symmetrical double flight of stairs (trap in Dutch) leading from street level to a higher-level platform (bordes in Dutch) at the main entrance door of a mansion (Fig. 1). The shell indeed has a similar profile outline. The name was corrupted into Bordstraps (Lamarck, 1804: 109), bordstrape (Lamarck, 1822: 231; Deshayes 1839: 533), bords-trappe (Sowerby, 1832) by non-Dutch authors. In German words like Vortreppe, Treppengeländer, Schiffstreppe etc. have been used for this or vaguely similar species. The use of the name was expanded to basterd bordes trap (Murex doliarium; see van Doeveren 1778: 122), Bastartvortreppe (Murex cutaceus L.) etc. Yet, these names quite often seem to have been used for other, more or less unrelated species.

Fig. 1. Example of a Bordestrap in architecture

in Haasdonk, Belgium. Although it is only a vernacular name mostly published in rejected publications, the name Bordestrap or its corrupt forms are not without importance. Lamarck (1804: 109) mentioned “le bordstraps des Hollandais”, and later (1822: 231) wrote: “J’ai donné le nom de delphinula trigonostoma à la coquille rarissime, vulg. appelée le bordstrape [Favane, Conch. pl. 79 fig. CC], coquille que j’ai vue, mais que je ne possède pas”. The original description by Lamarck does not agree with the conditions for a holotype (ICZN 73.1). Instead, there can be two syntypes for this species: the shell figured by Favanne (1780, pl. LXXIX figs. C) and the one seen by Lamarck (1822: 231) at an unspecified time and place (ICZN 72.4.1.1), if it is not the same as the Favanne shell. Hence, the mention of a type of D. trigonostoma in Genève museum (Mermod & Binder, 1963: 170; Verhecken, 1986 60; Petit & Harasewych, 1987: 79; Hemmen 2007: 276) may need re-examination. The shell seen by Lamarck (a single shell, according to his text) may be of importance to define the species in case the other syntype, the shell figured by Favanne, cannot be traced; or to define the genus

Gloria Maris 54 (2) 77 – 90 Antwerp; 13 December 2015

78 Trigonostoma, the type species [by monotypy (Blainville, 1827: 652)] of which is D. trigonostoma. In the present context, it is of importance that Lamarck had problems with his eyesight, that started failing in 1800, and he himself referred to its complete loss (Lamarck, 1819). This compelled him to split up the publication of the last volume of his HnAsV into two parts, awaiting a cataract operation (that may never have been performed) for the last part. His vol. 6/1 (February-June 1819) and vol. 6/2 (April 1822) were dictated to his daughter in complete blindness (Packard, 1901: 55). In the present paper, reference is made to the collection of Masséna (1758-1817), of the duc de Rivoli, and of the prince of Essling. These names refer to the same person. François Victor Masséna (1799-1863) was the son of André Masséna, an important general in Napoleon’s armies who received the title of ‘count of Rivoli’ in 1797 after the victory at Rivoli, Italy; and after the battle near Aspern-Essling in Austria in 1809, he was promoted to ‘prince of Essling’. The son François Victor, who had a famous shell collection, inherited these titles. To avoid confusion, he is always referred to as Masséna in this paper, even in citations and when the original literature used Rivoli or Essling. Abbreviations: ICZN International Code of Zoological

Nomenclature, fourth edition, 1999. HnAsV Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans

Vertèbres MHNG Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, Genève NHMUK Natural History Museum, London RBINS Royal Belgian Institute of Natural

Sciences, Brussels The Bordestrap: The molluscan species designated by that invalid name has not often been figured correctly under the name Bordestrap. The earliest use of this name is in Dutch auction catalogues. Citations like “Leers. Mus.” (Meuschen, 1787: 239) or “mus. Leens.” (Gmelin, 1791: 3495) refer to figure b on the unnumbered plate facing the title page of the Leers sales catalogue (Meuschen, 1767), but in small characters below the plate it reads: “b. exst. in Museo v. d. M** N° 156”. This means that fig. b in fact refers to the V.D.M. [Van der Mieden] sale (1766); the Leers catalogue indeed does not mention a Bordestrap. Yet, fig. a on the same plate shows an Arrosoir and the legend states: “a exst. in Mus. Leersiano N° 1”; thus indicating the plate dates from the 1767 Leers auction and not from the 1766 VDM catalogue. The latter catalogue mentions (Meuschen, 1766: 8 n° 156) the Bordes Trap and states it is slightly smaller than a similar shell under D[‘Argenville] suppl. I f. This probably refers to the

second edition (1757) where under “Coquilles univalues [sic] très rares. Première planche, fig . F’ a shell from the famous Dutch Lyonet collection is figured (Fig. 2), and described (p. 384) (figured again in Favanne, 1780 pl. 35 fig. F), but which is quite different from the real Bordestrap; it might well represent a specimen of Thatcheria mirabilis Angas, 1877. To all evidence, the cited Meuschen, 1767 figure b (Fig. 3) is the first figure ever given for the Bordestrap; it was selected as representing the lectotype of Buccinum scalare Gmelin, 1791 by Petit (1984: 58). Synonyms for the latter name are: Trigona pellucida Perry, 1811; Delphinula trigonostoma Lamarck, 1822 = Trigonostoma trigonostoma (Lamarck, 1822). The last use of this vernacular name (spelled Bordstrappe) is by Reeve (1856). Confusion in the older literature: The use of non-binominal vernacular names has led to extensive confusion and discussions. The sales catalogue of the Oudaan collection (Anon., 1766: 37, n° 397) mentions a very nice “Bordes-trapje” together with 6 other shells (hence, not a very rare shell), and at p. 38 n° 401 two unusually nice Bordes-trappen (Petiver 1764, Opera Tom. I tab. 101 fig. 14) (Fig. 4); this reference was copied by Martini (1777: 409), who refers it to the bastert Bordes-trapje, Murex cutaceus Linné. As indicated below, the diminutive name bordes-trapje refers to a species quite different from the Bordestrap! Martini (1777: 408, pl. 118 figs. 1085-1088) included species of Tonna or Dolium under such names as schmale Vortreppe and Bastert Bordes-Trapje, and states that the Dutch gave it the name Bordes-Trapje and also Vellhoorn, referring to its periostracum (vel in Dutch means skin); this is Murex cutaceus Linné. Martini (1777: 411, pl. 118 figs.1089a, b) described and figured a small, very crudely drawn shell from the East-Indies (Figs. 5-6) under the names ächte Vortreppe, Freytreppe, Schifswinde aus Mariland, and Bordes-trapje, and stated that the Dutch gave high value to (such) shells of at least 5 cm that, in any size, belong to the rare cabinet-pieces. According to Schröter (1791: 167), this is not the real Bordestrap; that figure indeed does not agree with the VDM figure cited above. Apart from his full-page plates, Martini (1777) also used smaller plates of about half a page; he called them Vignettes; his volume III contains 11 of them. Unfortunately, the “36 te Vign.” (1777: 303) is followed by another “36te Vignette” (1777: 383). This led Pfeiffer (1840: 32) to renumber the latter to “Vignette 37”; thus introducing two homonyms: a “Vignette 37” in Martini

79 (1777: 383), figuring a cross-section (Durchschnitt) of “F.1. Dolium, 2. Harpa”; and another in Chemnitz (1780: 1) (Fig. 12), the figures of which Pfeiffer refers to as: “F. 1-2. Eburna areolata Lam. 4; a.b.c. Cancellaria scalarina Lam. 3” and “C. goniostoma Sow Conch. ill. 43 !” (Pfeiffer, 1840: 43). This error in Vignette numbering has passed unnoticed. Chemnitz (1780: 6) referred to his 37th Vignette fig. a (representing one view of a shell of Murex scala Gmelin, 1791) as “der Argus unter den Fischreusen Nassa oculata – Argus Rumphianus

und die Bordestrappe”. Fischreuse is the German word for “fish trap”. Chemnitz (1780: 7) mentioned “die Fischreuse, welche bei den Holländern die Vortreppe oder Schifswinde heisset” and referred to Vignette 37 fig. 2 under the name Nassa trochlea Belgica. Yet, further on he (1780: 18) mentioned Vignette 37 figs. 1-2 (the Eburna) as representing an umbilicated Fischreuse: it appears he considered the Eburna to be a cancellariid. Moreover, he evidently mixed up his references to the figures in the 1780 Vignette 37.

Figs. 2-11: Figures that have been referred to in the context of the Bordestrap. 2. D’Argenville, 1757. Coquilles univalues [sic] très rares. Première planche, fig. F. 3. Meuschen, 1767: Tab. I fig. b. Was selected as representing the lectotype of Buccinum scalare Gmelin, 1791, by Petit (1984: 58). 4. Petiver, 1764, referred to in the Oudaan catalogue (Anon. 1766: 37 n° 397) as “Opera Tom. I tab. 101 fig. 14” (here rendered upside down). 5-6. Martini, 1777: 411, pl. 118 figs.1089a, b; described and figured under the names ächte Vortreppe, Freytreppe, Schifswinde aus Mariland, and Bordes-trapje. 7. Chemnitz, 1780: pl. 122 fig. 1130, the figure referred to as Missgeburt by Chemnitz 1780. 8. Buccinum scalare, prelinnean name sensu Rumphius (1741: pl. XLIX fig. A) for the Wenteltrap (not to be confused with Buccinum scalare Gmelin, 1791). 9-10. Pallas, 1774: 33 tab. 3, figs. 7, 8 respectively. 11. Knorr, 1772: Part 3 pl.7 fig. 2. Reference given by Bruguière for Buccin cabestan.

80 Chemnitz (1780: 26) discussed his (1780) pl. 122 fig. 1130 (Fig. 7) and stated it was a copy of Knorr (1773: VI pl. 17 fig. 7: a figure too bad in contrast to be reproduced here) that should represent a Bordestrap, Vortreppe or Schifstreppe. Yet, as he found this figure unidentifiable, Chemnitz called it a Missgeburt (a miscarriage or monstrosity), a terminology repeated by Schröter (1783: 364), who stated it does not deserve nor allow a description. Gmelin (1791: 3495) distinguished his Buccinum scalare (based on Vignette 37 a, b, c, and the Meuschen 1767 fig. b) from a form β with the Knorr and Chemnitz Missgeburt figures cited above as a reference. Pfeiffer (1840) referred to the same unrecognisable Knorr figure, and used the name “Buccinum scalare β Gm. 113”. Trigonostoma scalare (Gmelin, 1791) is the valid name for this species, as shown by Petit (1984: 58). Rumphius (1741: 161, pl. 49 fig. A) and Sipman (1741: 175) already used the (prelinnean) name Buccinum scalare for the Wenteltrap (Fig. 8). Chemnitz (1780: 27) cited the shell in the Spengler collection figured on “37ste Vignette N° 3 [sic, no n° 3 on the Vignette 37] lit. a. b. c.”, he gave a description (by Spengler!) of the so-called Bordestrap (Treppengeländer) and then referred to Vignette 37 N° 2 [sic] (the Eburna). It must be noted here that the shell figured in Vignette 37 a.b.c. is not the Bordestrap (later named Buccinum scalare and Delphinula trigonostoma) but Murex scala, now Trigonostoma scala, for which a neotype has been designated (cfr. Verhecken, 2007: 339, 345). Deshayes (1843: 403) correctly stated “le Buccinum scalare, dont il faudra avant tout retrancher la variabilité …“. Chemnitz (1780: 27-28) published a text by Spengler (cfr. Verhecken, 2007: 345), discussing the six shells then known under the name Bordestrap, mentioned in a letter from Meuschen to Spengler (Chemnitz 1780: 28). Five shells had been in a cabinet in Batavia; two of them came to Holland; one other had been obtained “a long time ago” by Lyonet for 80 Dutch guilders (possibly a specimen of Thatcheria mirabilis Angas, 1877, see above), and Gevers, mayor of Rotterdam, purchased one for 23 Ducats at an auction “last April” [1780?]. This meant only six known shells (three in Batavia, three in Holland), apart from the one owned by Spengler (but which is Murex scala Gmelin), for which Spengler himself discussed the differences from the real (Dutch) Bordestrap (Verhecken, 2007: 345). It is not known what happened to the three shells that had remained in Batavia; one is mentioned in the 1787 Gevers catalogue (see later). Schröter (1783: 364; 552), referring to Vignette 37 and to Meuschen fig b, mentioned “die ächte wahre Vortreppe, die Schiffstreppe, das Treppengeländer Holländ. Bordes Trap”, and stated that the columella

has folds. He stated that the basic colour is yellow; other shells have a colour tending to reddish and are more elongated. He obviously mixed up Trigonostoma scala (Gmelin, 1791) and T. scalare (Gmelin, 1791). The complicated use of references by Gmelin (1791: 3495) for his Buccinum scalare was discussed by Petit (1984: 58). The Bordestrap shell in the Gevers collection (Meuschen, 1787: 239 n° 448) was sold (to whom?) in 1787 for 23 Ducats (Chemnitz 1780: 28). References given are: Leers. Mus. Tab. I f. 6 [sic: must be “b”]; Pall. Spicit. X p. 33 tab. 3 fig. 7, 8 (a species with only a superficial resemblance to the Bordestrap) (Figs. 9-10); V.d. Mieden Mus. (p. 8, N° 15). “Sous le nom de Bordes Trap, ou on trouve une très ample description de cette conchile [sic] très rare (I p. 1058. –) [the meaning of this is unclear. The Latin version (Meuschen 1787: 288) has « 1 specim. 1058 ». If this refers to Martini fig. 1058, it is a Murex brandaris-like shell; or is it an error for fig. 1088, the schmale Vortreppe, Bastert Bordes-trapje?] “Cet objet singulier, & digne d’admiration, s’est encore trouvé dans aucunne [sic] Cabinet qu’à La Haye, dans celui de Mr. le Secretaire LYONET [possibly the above- cited d’Argenville figure of Thatcheria mirabilis]; dans celui de feu Mr. Le Président V. D. MIEDEN [sale in 1766]; & de la parvenu chez la Duchesse de PORTLAND, à Londres [but no Bordestrap is mentioned in the auction catalogue of the Portland collection (Lightfoot, 1786)]; comme aussi dans le Cabinet de feu Mr. le Comte de WASSENAAR OBDAM, quoique pas inséré dans son Catalogue; à Batavia, chez feu Mr. I. VAN OORT, sous le nom particulier: de Kroon der Alikruiken; un dernier enfin se trouve à Coppenhague [sic], chez Mr. le Directeur SPENGLER” [but this is Murex scala Gmelin (= Trigonostoma scala)]. The fate of some of the Bordestrap shells in well-known collections is unknown, since they were no longer mentioned in the auction catalogues of their collection: Portland, Wassenaar-Obdam, Calonne. There are in fact only two clear references to a sale of a Bordestrap: the Van der Mieden auction in 1766, sold (to ?) for 20 Ducats (Chemnitz 1780: 28), and the shell purchased (from whom?) by Gevers in April 1780 (Chemnitz 1780: 28), and sold (to ?) at the auction of the Gevers collection (1787). The shell figured by Favanne (1780: figs. CC) might possibly have been the one in the Gevers collection; but this is only based on the dates, without any further proof. Krünitz (1790: 242-252) discussed the different uses of the name Bordestrap. He stated: (p. 242) (transl.) ”this name has been used or much more misused so differently by the authors that, in order to avoid all confusion, several of the authors who have used this

81 name must be cited”. He (1790: 242-252) needed ten pages to explain nine different Bordestrapp in Martini’s work; these will not be repeated here.

Fig. 12: Chemnitz, 1780: 3, Vignette 37 [different from Martini’s second Vignette 36 that was renumbered to 37 by Pfeiffer (1840)]. Probably the first use of the name in a French publication is by Bruguière (1789: 249) who used the name Ächte Vortreppe and Fregtreppe [sic for Freytreppe ?], Bordes-trapje” for the Buccin cabestan Martini (1777: 411, pl. 118 fig. 1089), a very different species. He refers to another figure by Favanne (1780: pl 34 fig E), but this is clearly a different species, as he stated it is found on the shores of the Strait of Magellan and of Cape of Good Hope. In the catalogue of the sale organised by Schöen on 30 June 1794 Lichtenstein (1794: 60-61) mentions: Buccinum scala,-Die Treppe Gmel. Sp. 61: “627. eine kleine weisse Schiffs-Treppe (Bordestrap)” with ref.: “Mart. 3 t. 118 f. 1089 a.b” (Figs. 5-6) “628. Zwey besonders grosse Bordestrappen. Knorr 3 t. 7 f. 2.” (is the cabestan) (Fig. 11) “Buccinum scalare, Treppen-Gelender, Gmel. Sp. 113 645 Ein Safrangelbes Treppen-Gelender, 2 zoll. “Mart. 4 t 122 f. 1130 (selten)” = Missgeburt!) “646 Ein weisses ditto, mit umgebogener Lefze [lip] (sehr selten)”. Although it might yield interesting information, it is rather hopeless to try to find the mention of a shell of the real “Dutch” bordestrap in the hundreds of auction catalogues (Dietz, 2006: 375) in France and Holland in that period. It must be concluded that cited literature references to the Bordestrap are very confusing since many of them refer to different species under the same name, or to the same species under different names. Rarity of Bordestrap shells: The Bordestrap is not

mentioned in D’Argenville (1742, 1757) and is not figured on his plates. That author also gave (1742: 214-216) an overview of the most important shell collections in Holland, but did not mention a Bordestrap. The Bordestrap was very rare in collections of that period: it was referred to as “Cet objet singulier, & digne d’admiration” (Meuschen, 1787: 239) (“this special object worthy of admiration”); it was probably still rarer in collections than the famous rarities of that period sucha as Conus cedonulli, the Scalaria, Carinaria, the Amiraux (Conus sp.). The shell was not present in the collection of de Favannes (Thiéry, 1787: 344-347). The name bordestrap, or a variety of it, is not even cited once in the text volumes by Favanne, 1780 (pdf. files searched digitally) that described all collections that author judged to be of importance in France and other European countries. This is here interpreted as a strong indication of the absence of a shell of that species in France in 1780. Spengler (in Chemnitz, 1780: 27) mentioned the ”classical” rare species (Amiraux, wentletraps) and states there are other very rare species, found only as unique pieces. In these rarities Spengler also includes the (transl.) “so extremely rare shell, known only in Holland under the name Bordestrap. One cannot find any news on it by any author”. He mentioned the Bordestrap (Treppengeländer) stating (transl.) “the very real Bordestrappen belong to the number of rarest cabinet pieces”. Since the early 18th century; there has been close contacts between French and Dutch shell collectors: French dealers (e. g. Gersaint) regularly visited Holland in order to fill their stocks; and many Dutch auction catalogues were at least partly published in French. Yet, in his sales catalogues of shells (1736, 1749, …), the French dealer Gersaint does not mention the name bordestrap, either. Nor is it mentioned in other French sales catalogues (e.g. Helle & Remy, 1757). This shows that the French curieux were well informed of the rarities only present in Dutch collections. Therefore it is possible that the shell figured by Favanne (1780: figs. c, c) was not present in any collection in France at that time. The only clear data we have on Dutch specimens of the bordestrap is the shell purchased by Gevers (in April 1780) (from ?), and sold in 1787 (to ?). Nowadays, Museum Naturalis (Leiden) has two shells of Trigonostoma scalare (= T. trigonostoma): one from Ceylon, 16.7 x 12.7 mm, and one without locality data, 34 x 28 mm. The former ZMA collection (now in Naturalis, Leiden) had one from the Molluccas, 31.5 x 26 mm. There is no indication that one of these shells originates from 18th century material. Lamarck (1822 tom 6 part 2: 251) stated for Delphinula

82 trigonostoma: “coquille rarissime”. Deshayes (1830: 180) mentioned the coquille très rare he examined in the collection of Masséna, and “excessivement rare dans les collections” (1843: 400). Kiener (1841: 42) refers to the same shell in the Delessert collection as “coquille très-rare et très-précieuse”. Chenu (1847: 274, pl. 5 fig. 2) states: “cette coquille est des plus rares”. Crosse (1861: 229) calls it “cette précieuse coquille, la plus rare du genre”. Löbbecke (1886: 50) cites it as (transl.) “a species long known, but still the rarest and most looked-for of the genus. In recent times it has not appeared in the trade … I have not been able to obtain it.” Still, in 1899, a shell of this species was announced as “… Spondylus regius, Cancellaria trigonostoma qui sont au nombre des grandes raretés malacologiques” (Malloizel, 1899: 139), and was offered for sale as “un exemplaire du rarissime Cancellaria trigonostoma”, separate from the rest of the other cancellariids in the Crosse collection (Malloizel, 1899: 140). That shell was purchased by Dautzenberg for 100 Fr. and is kept in the latter’s collection in RBINS; dimensions 20 x 14 mm, labelled (transl.) ‘comes from a Dutch collection’. A second shell in the same collection, 23 x 18 mm, from Bélep, New Caledonia, was collected by Montrouzier. Nowadays shells of Trigonostoma scalare are no longer rare: they are regularly available from localities in the Philippines (Verhecken, 2011: 35). Binominal names for this species: Buccinum scalare Gmelin, 1791: 3495. Lectotype, designated by Petit (1984: 58): the shell figured by Meuschen (1767: fig. b). Gmelin (1791: 3495 n° 113) mentioned “columella plicata” Trigona pellucida Perry, 1811: pl. LI n°1-2, shell from the ”South Seas”, in the collection of the English writer Miss Mitford (1787-1855), a “most singular and unique shell”, about 39 x 27 mm ; columellar folds indicated. (Fig. 13) Delphinula trigonostoma Lamarck, 1822: 231 n° 3. Cancellaria trigonostoma Deshayes, 1830: 180; Kiener, 1841 pl. 1 fig. 1; Chenu, 1847: 274, pl. 5 fig. 2; Sowerby [II], 1849: pl. xciv figs. 45-46; Reeve, 1856: species 51, pl. xi figs. 51a,b: ”le bordstrappe, Favanne”.

Fig. 13: Trigona pellucida Perry, 1811: pl. LI n°1-2, shell from the ”South Seas”. The species was cited as Cancellaria trigonostoma nobis [sic] by Sowerby (1832: n° 48, fig. 44) who referred to “the Bordstrappe of the Dutch Conchologists”. He mentioned and showed the columellar folds that had escaped the attention of Lamarck, probably because of his blindness. That particular shell clearly had not been figured before (Fig. 14); did it originate from the Portland collection, where a shell of it was mentioned (Meuschen, 1787: 289)? Calonne also bought material from the Gevers collection (Humphrey, 1797: iv), but the sales catalogue of his collection does not mention a Bordestrap. Although the columellar folds of the Bordestrap had been remarked by Schröter (1783: 364), and by Gmelin (1791: 3495 n°113) for his Buccinum scalare, Delphinula trigonostoma was included in Cancellaria only by Deshayes (1830: 180), and in Trigonostoma by Blainville (1827: 652) who did not notice its relation with Cancellaria. Kiener (1841), Chenu (1847), Sowerby (1849) and Reeve (1856), all cited above, clearly figured the columellar folds, but the published photo of MHNG shell 1095/34 does not show them, although they are mentioned in the text (Mermod & Binder, 1963: 171, fig. 234).

Fig. 14: Cancellaria trigonostoma nobis [sic], in Sowerby (1832a: n° 48, fig. 44), shell from Ceylon.

83 Delphinula trigonostoma Lamarck, 1822: There are three possible interpretations for Lamarck’s (1822) statement of having seen a shell of D. trigonostoma that he did not possess. a. Lamarck referred to the shell figured by Favanne (1780: pl. 79, fig. C). Yet, in that case, Lamarck referred to the same shell twice (which seems improbable). This shell would then be the holotype by monotypy. b. In 1781-82, Lamarck accompanied the son of Buffon as a mentor on a journey through Holland, Germany, and Austria-Hungary to study botanic, mineral and zoological collections (Buffon, 1860: 97). Yet, probably because that journey ended untimely because of mis-conduct of the young Buffon, no report of that voyage seems to have been published. It is possible and even probable that they were shown a shell of the Bordestrap when in Holland. This shell would then belong to the type series (ICZN 72.4.1.1; but 12.3 ?). Therefore it is interesting to establish which shells of the Bordestrap were in Dutch collections in that period, and if these can still be traced today, since one of them might be a syntype. c. Lamarck may have seen another shell in a collection in Paris or elsewhere. This was found to be correct. The Favanne figures: It must be noted that Favanne, 1780, pl. LXXIX, «Première planche de Coquilles des nouvelles découvertes» has the figures numbered in two sets: the uppermost: A-Z, and those on the lower half of the plate: A-N. Hence this plate has two different shells indicated «C»; the two figures C referred to by Lamarck are in the lower part. The explanations by Favanne (1780: 463) of pl. 79, fig. C obviously refer to the uppermost figure. The shell figured by Favanne (1780: pl. LXXIX, fig. C) in what he calls a supplement of two plates (Favanne, 1780: 443) and to which he refers as “le très rare bouclier d’éméraude, de la nouvelle Zélande” on plate LXXIX of Lépas sans trous, described on p. 495, clearly does not apply to the lowermost figures C discussed here. The Favanne figures (1780) cited by Lamarck are in the lower half of cited Plate LXXIX: two figures numbered “C C” (not the Roman notation for 200). They were drawn by Favanne junior. Although this edition was intended to have five tomes (Ebert, 1821: 90; Quérard, 1828: 550), only two tomes and a volume of 80 plates were published (Kämmerer 1786: ix); the work was “not completed in consequence of the troubles in France” (Humphrey, 1797: iii). De Bure (1783: 480) mentions: “2 vol. in 4. G. P. en feuilles. Avec 84 figs. coloriées d’après nature avec la

plus grande precision.” The descriptions of the figured species end at plate XIX. Of Tome 3, only 72 pages were printed but never sold; a set of this unfinished volume is said to be kept (Mu 1299) in the Bibliothèque centrale du museum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris according to Pinault-Sørensen (1998: 131). This was not found on a visit on 18-iv-2012; Mu 1299 is merely a bound set of all plates (I-LXXX), similar volumes are also present in other libraries. There is no text for plates XX-LXXX; most probably that text was planned for the tomes that have never been published. So, there is no information regarding the shells figured in the lower part of plate LXXIX, although a few species figured in the upper series of that plate are mentioned, of which C is identified as Bouclier d’émeraude and described (Favanne 1780: 443, 463, 495). The Favanne drawings (1780: pl. 79, lowermost figs. C) are not very refined: details in the apical area are not well-indicated and they show the shell in two rather unusual positions (Figs. 17-18), not allowing a direct comparison with the figures given by Kiener (1841: pl. 1 fig. 1). Therefore, there is no proof that the same shell is figured by both authors. Good photographs of the MHNG 1095/34 shell (Figs. 15-16), in the positions as drawn by Favanne, were supplied by Y. Finet (MHNG). Differences are: the very pronounced siphonal fasciole, the strength and high number of axial ribs and corresponding shoulder coronations and the inclination of the about third teleoconch whorl, which is out of line with the other whorls in the drawings, as compared to the photos. Comparison of these photos and the Favanne drawings does not allow us to conclude that they represent the same shell. This agrees with the idea of Mermod, written down on a filing card in MHNG (Finet, in lit.). Lamarck based his new species Delphinula trigonostoma on the two Favanne figures C he had already mentioned in 1804, and on the shell(s) he in 1822 stated to have seen, but did not possess. He gave no indication as to where or when he saw this shell; it is not impossible he saw the one used by Favanne for his figures C. Favanne figured several shells from the collection of Mme de Bandeville († 1787) (Thiéry, 1787: 500) (26 refs. to that collection in Favanne 1780 part 2); but no bordestrap is mentioned by Favanne (1780, I: 214) in his description of the Bandeville collection. Lamarck must also have seen the Bandeville collection: he described at least two bivalves from it (Dance 1966: 90). It is not known what exactly happened to the shell collection after the death of Mme de Bandeville, but Abbé Gruel [the usual buyer from Mme de Bandeville

84 during her lifetime (Michel, 2007: 265)] obtained (at least part of) her shell collection in 1792 (Dance 1966: 90; Dietz, 2006: 379). Métivier (1982: 16) seems to imply that he obtained all of it. The Gruel collection was later obtained by Masséna and then by Delessert in 1840. But there is no indication that Mme de Bandeville had a shell of the Bordestrap in her collection.

Figs. 15-16: Shell MHNG 1095/34 photographed in the same positions as the shell in the Favanne drawings (Photos Y. Finet, MHNG). Figs. 17-1:. The Favanne drawings (1780: pl. 79, lowermost figs. C), here turned upside down. De Calonne helped defray the costs of Favanne’s edition of d’Argenville (Fischer, 1862: 277; Dance, 1966: 91; Pinault-Sørensen, 1998:131), therefore it is not excluded that Favanne may have figured shells from de Calonne’s collection, but the latter’s name or his collection are not mentioned in the book. The sales catalogue (Humphrey, 1797) of that collection does not mention a bordestrap. Yet, the collection of the Earl of Tankerville, who had obtained a large part of de Calonne’s material (Dance, 1966: 142), contained a Delphinula trigonostoma (Sowerby I, 1825: 50, n° 1250). We can be quite certain the shell figured by the Favannes (1780: pl. 79, fig. C C) was not in their own collection when the manuscripts for tomes I and II were prepared, since it is not mentioned in their description of that collection (1780 I: 267-270), nor among the special shells listed from that collection by Thiéry (1787: 344). The species is not listed under the name bordstrappe (or one of its corrupt forms used by French and English authors) in the published parts of Favanne (1780) (pdf

file searched digitally). There is ample evidence of close contacts between French authors and Dutch collections, and auctioneers in both countries in that period; and French authors figured shells only present in Dutch collections [e.g. the Lyonet shell of Conus cedonulli (Dance 1966: 77)]. Therefore it is not impossible that Favanne figured a shell in a collection outside France. Hence we do not know in which collection the figured shell was housed in 1780. It must be concluded that the actual whereabouts of the shell figured by the Favannes is unknown. History of the shell MHNG 1095/34: MHNG keeps shell 1095/34, measuring 36.9 x 25.9 mm (Finet, pers. comm.) in the Delessert collection, so 37 x 26 is acceptable as correct measurement. It was figured by Mermod & Binder (1963: 170-171, fig. 234) as “type” of Delphinula trigonostoma Lamarck. The first clear mention of a shell of Cancellaria trigonostoma (Lamarck) in a French collection is by Deshayes (1830: 180) who saw “the” shell in the collection Masséna and recognised it as a cancellariid. Yet, later on Deshayes (1835, Avertissement, p. IV) declared he had no access to the Lamarck shells in the “magnifique cabinet du possesseur actuel de la collection Lamarck” (Masséna). This might have to do with a personal problem between Deshayes and the keeper of the Masséna collection (Kiener ?). Deshayes (1843: 410) also mentioned the dimensions of the shell then in the Delessert collection and figured by Kiener (1841: pl. 1, fig. 1): 40 x 25 mm (not very precise!), and refers to this shell as “one of the most beautiful specimens known”; Chenu (1847: 274) mentioned “the nicest” shell known; thus implicitly indicating they had seen other shells, or at least figures. In 1847, only the following figures had been published: the shell sold at the V.D.M sale (1766) figured by Meuschen (1767), the shell in an unknown collection figured by Favanne (1780: pl. 79 figs. C), the one in the collection of Miss Mitford figured by Perry (1811: pl. LI, figs 1-2), the shell figured by Sowerby (1832a: fig. 44) and the shell from the Masséna/Delessert collection figured by Kiener (1841: pl. 1, fig. 1) and by Chenu (1847: pl. 5, fig. 2) (Fig. 19). Reeve (1856: species 51, pl. XI) figured a shell then in the Cuming collection, it is now in NHMUK; according to a label, Cuming had three specimens. The fact that the shell now in MHNG is “doubtlessly the one described by Deshayes (1830, 1843)”, a correct statement by Mermod & Binder (1963: 170), and that the dimensions of Kiener’s figure representing the shell in the Delessert

85 collection (1841: 42, pl. 1 fig 1) (37 x 26 mm) are “exactly the same” as those of the MHNG shell (37 x 26 mm, fide Mermod), constitutes no proof that this is the shell seen by Lamarck before 1822.

Fig. 19: “Cancellaire trigonostome, nommée aussi Bordstrap”, figured by Chenu 1847: 274, pl. 5 fig. 2. In short: Favanne (1780) did not specify the whereabouts of the figured shell; his figure C is not a copy of the only earlier figure of that species (Meuschen, 1767). Favanne made drawings of shells belonging to Mme de Bandeville, but there is no proof that this Bordestrap shell was one of them. There is even no proof that the Bandeville collection contained a Bordestrap shell, nor that all of this shell collection ended up in the collection Delessert. At least part of the Bandeville collection was acquired by Abbé Gruel, whose collection was obtained by Delessert in 1840. Hence, shell MHNG 1095/34 must have reached the Delessert collection (started about 1804) from another source. Lamarck had shells originating from Mme de Bandeville in his collection, but there is no proof that this also applies to the shell studied in the present article. Lamarck visited, among others, Holland in 1781-82, where chances are not few that he was shown this famous species: hence (un-specified) Dutch specimens may well be syntypes (ICZN 72.4.1.1.) The fact that there was only one shell in Paris in 1841 is no real proof that this was also the case in 1804 and in 1822 (Lamarck refers to it as the bordstraps des Hollandais; and prior to Favanne it had only been figured in one Dutch publication). The Favanne figures cannot be identified with certainty as the specimen now in MHNG. Hence, the theoretical possibility that the MHNG shell is the one figured by Favanne would only be based on the rarity of shells belonging to this species in collections in Paris in 1841.

Yet, the whereabouts of that MHNG shell before 1830 - when it was reported in the Masséna collection by Deshayes - is unknown, therefore we do not know if this was really the shell seen by Lamarck. Consequently, its status as a type as assumed by some authors (Mermod & Binder, 1963: 170, fig. 234) or as a holotype (Verhecken 1986: 60; Petit & Harasewych, 1987: 79; Hemmen 2007: 276, 277 fig. d) is not evident. After Lamarck’s death (1829), his collection was obtained by Victor Masséna in 1829. It is theoretically possible that Lamarck had obtained a shell of this species between 1822 and 1829, but this is very improbable in view of his continuous precarious financial situation (Mongin, 1977: 9; Packard, 1901). Moreover, Lamarck had no shell of this species in his own collection, as written down by his daughter in his personal copy of the HnAsV, now kept in MHNG (cfr. Dietz, 2006: 380). There-fore we must accept that the shell was already in the Masséna collection before 1829; but there is no proof it was there in 1822. So, the shell was in the collection Masséna in 1830 (Deshayes, 1830: 180) and was obtained, together with that collection, from which it was figured (Kiener, 1841: 42) by Benjamin Delessert in 1841: “un seul individu se trouve à Paris, c’est celui qui fait partie de la magnifique collection appartenant maintenant à M. Benjamin Delessert”. The Delessert collection was inherited by his brother François Marie in 1847, whose legates donated it to the town of Genève in 1869. In his “Spécies general etc.”, Kiener (started 1834, fide Dance 1966: 178) described material in the collections of the MNHN Paris, the “Lamarck colln”, and that of Prince Masséna (“now belonging to M. le Baron Benjamin Delessert”), and indicated in which collection the specimen was. For C. trigonostoma, the shell in the Delessert collection is figured (Kiener, 1841: 42). He also noted that there was only one shell of this species in Paris (in 1841). Chenu (1847: 274, pl. V, fig. 2) mentioned and figured this species, stating that (transl.) “the nicest shell known is part of the collection of M. Benjamin Delessert”: his figure measures 38.5 x 27 mm. The whereabouts of this shell before 1830 has hitherto been unknown; it is now studied hereafter. The collection of prof. Claude-Louis Richard (1754-1821): It is now shown that the cited shell was in the collection of ‘general Paris’ before 1801-1809 or 1804-

86 1814, and later in the collection of prof. Richard. The botanist Claude-Louis Richard (6 June 1754 - 1821) was sent to central America and Brazil in 1781, and returned from the Caribbean in 1789 (Cuvier, 1825: 360); he donated shells from Cayenne to the Museum royal d’Histoire naturelle in Paris (Deleuze, 1823: 616). He had a collection of shells, said to be one of the richest and most praised ones (Kunth, 1824: 207). He enriched his collection with the Conus types of Hwass, and the collections of de l’Étang and “général Paris”; this most probably occurred after he had been named professor at the medical school in Paris (1795), his financial situation having been rather difficult before. After his death part of his collection went to the cabinet du Roi (Cuvier, 1825: 363); and (the rest?) was purchased by Masséna in 1821 (Kohn, 1993: 62). The Hwass collection was purchased by Sollier de la Touche in 1804 (Dance 1966: 202; Kohn 1993: 62); in 1819 it was in the Richard collection, which was purchased by François Victor Masséna at Richard’s death in 1821 [obviously not his father André Masséna (as stated in Kohn, 1993) who died in 1817]. The sales catalogue: An anonymous sales catalogue of a collection containing the Conus types of Hwass and the collections of de l’Étang and “général Paris”, is dated 9 November 1819. The title on the cover is: « Notice d’une nombreuse et magnifique collection de coquilles s’élevant à plus de 5,500 individus, tous de la plus parfaite conservation, et le plus grand nombre d’espèces inédites ou très-précieuses. A VENDRE PRESENTEMENT ». There is also another title, at the top of p. 3: « NOTICE d’une magnifique collection de coquilles, composée d’environs 2,000 espèces et de plus de 5,500 individus ; classée d’après le système des Animaux sans Vertèbres, de M. DE LAMARCK , 1 vol. in-8.; Paris; 1801. » The collection is claimed to be (transl.) ‘the most precious, not only of all the collections in France, but also of all those in Europe‘ (Anon., 1819: 3). This catalogue is very rare in scientific libraries. Lamy (1915) obtained a copy from J. Künckel d’Herculais, and published a note on it; but that catalogue is not in libraries in Paris now (Bolze, pers. inf.). The only copy now found is in the Biblioteca Nazionale Universitaria in Torino. The text mentions that (transl.): “its first owner did not avoid any expense and did not miss any occasion to obtain the rarest species. It [the collection] already had a high reputation when the cabinets of MM. Paris, Hwass, and de l’Étang were added to it.” The identity of the first owner (from whom Richard purchased the collection) is unknown, but of little importance in the present context.

The catalogue mentions (p. 9) « le Bord de trappe ou le Bord d’escalier, coquille unique du plus grand prix, qui avait coûté 100 louis au général Paris ». Bord de trappe is clearly one of the many corrupt spellings of the name Bordestrap: it was here presented under a new generic name not mentioned by d’Orbigny (1843), nor by Neave (1939-1996); but which is useless to be revived here. Based on the history of the unique specimen of Spondylus regius, Lamy (1915: 103) concluded that this collection offered for sale had belonged to prof. C. L. Richard (1755-1821), and he surmised (“très probablement”) that Richard also wrote the sales catalogue. It is not clear what this opinion was based upon, since the catalogue has no direct or indirect indication as to its author, except for the fact that the author must have been well acquainted with the collection. Lamy (1915) also gave a list of 17 French collections consulted by Lamarck and cited in his HnAsV: if the Bordstrape shell was in one of them, Lamarck could have seen it; and the Richard collection is listed, indeed. Lamarck (1819: 190) mentioned having seen a Spondylus regius in the cabinet of M. Richard. Dance (1966: 133) gives a “none too credible anecdote” on how this shell was obtained by Richard. Delessert (1841: pl. 20, fig. 1) stated that this shell (transl.) “belonged to the collection Richard, purchased at the death of this Professor by M. Masséna”. Moreover, Lamarck (1822, vii: 572, 576) cited (transl.) “the cabinet of the late M. Richard” for two gastropod species. Hence, Lamarck knew that collection and his 1822 statement to have seen a shell of D. trigonostoma to all evidence applied to the unique Bord de trappe shell when it was in the collection Richard (thus before 1821, or even before Lamarck’s complete blindness in 1819). In the cited sales catalogue, a ‘général Paris’ is mentioned (Anon., 1819: 18, n° 288; Lamy 1915: 102) to have purchased (when ?) a Bord de trappe shell for 100 louis [d’or]. In that period, there were two French generals by that name: (a) Marie-Auguste Pâris (1771-1814), who was sent to Guadeloupe as a lieutenant (1794) and returned to France in 1801 as général de division. He retired in 1804, but was reactivated in 1809, was active in Flanders and in Spain and died as général de division in 1814. (http://www.napoleonic- society.com/french/miglioparis.htm, accessed 24-11-2014). (b) Antoine Marie Paris d'Illins (1746-1809), général de brigade in 1792, retired 1801; reactivated 1804, killed in action in Spain in 1809 (Wikipedia, accessed 7-8-2015). The fact that both generals were retired and reactivated later must be related to the revolutionary troubles of the period and Napoleon’s military campaigns in great parts of Europe. Supposing that the relevant general Paris

87 built up a shell collection during his retirement period (having been occupied by military duties all over Europe before and after it), this would have been in the period 1801-1804 or 1804-1809 for these two respective candidates. Thus, if the collection was sold after the general’s death, then it is acceptable that prof. Richard obtained the Bord de trappe shell between 1809 and 1814. Obviously it is that bordestrap shell that was obtained by Masséna, at the sale of the (rest of the) Richard collection (if that sale really took place) after November 1819; or in 1821 after Richard’s death, as stated by Delessert (1841: legend to pl. 20, fig. 1). Mermod & Binder (1963: 170), citing Lamarck’s 1822 text, state that the D. trigonostoma shell in the Delessert collection, “étant donné la rareté de l’espèce, est sans doute celui qui a passé sous les yeux de Lamarck, lorsqu’il faisait partie de la collection Masséna”. Yet, it is clear that Lamarck, being completely blind by early 1819, as he reported himself in June 1819 (Lamarck, 1819), cannot have seen the shell in the Masséna collection in which it was entered only after the sale of the Richard collection in November 1819 (if that sale took place), or in 1821, as mentioned by Kohn (1993: 62). Still, Lamarck may very well have seen that same shell in the Richard collection between about 1809 and his complete blindness (1819), although for some un-known reason and against his habits, he did not specify in which collection he had seen it. If Lamarck really saw it indeed, then his mention of that specimen under the vernacular name Bord de trappe does not as such constitute an indication (ICZN 12.3). Yet, since his description also refers to the Favanne figures, it is acceptable that this shell is part of the type series (ICZN 72.4.1.1.). It is in fact the only syntype that has been traced. The presence of a specimen of the bordestrap in a collection in Paris or even in France in the period before 1801-1809 had not yet been demonstrated. It is unknown where and when general Paris purchased his specimen. One probable possibility is that he bought it from a Dutch collection. Another possible way a Bordestrap shell might have reached France is with confiscated Dutch art and curiosities collections taken to Paris when the French revolutionaries militarily occupied the Low Countries. A special entity, the Agence de commerce et approvisionnement pour l'extraction en pays conquis des objets de science, arts et agriculture, had been created to follow the army in occupied countries; Faujas [de St. Fond] (geologist) and Thouin (botanist) were sent to Belgium and Holland to collect tous les objets utiles à l'instruction. The collection of the General Stadtholder (stadhouder in Dutch) of the United Low Countries, Willem V, was confiscated in 1794 (Winkler Prins 2004: 295). The Stadhouder material was returned incompletely after the second Treaty of Paris in 1815 (Brongersma 1978: 43); Deleuze (1823: 616) still mentioned the cabinet du

stadhouder in the collections of the Muséum royal d’Histoire naturelle in Paris. Yet, that kind of material was officially confiscated and would normally not have ended up in a private collection. Nomenclatural importance of the sales catalogue: Anonymous publications of names before 1951 do not prevent availability (ICZN 14). In this catalogue two new genus names were introduced, indicated by “Nob.” (Anon., 1819: 18, xc, xci); one of them is based on the “Bord de trappe, ou le Bord d’escalier”. Yet, this name is neither available nor can it be unambiguously assigned to a nominal species group taxon, as shown above in the present paper. The second genus has no indication of a species, other than “1 espèce, 6 individus, genre curieux”. Therefore none of these generic names agree with ICZN 12.2.5; hence, these names are unavailable. None of them is listed by d’Orbigny (1843), nor by Neave (1939-1996) and apparently they have never been used; so they give no clue to the author of the catalogue. For the stability in nomenclature it is judged best not to revive or cite these names here. The author of the catalogue is of no particular importance in the present context. Yet, in this catalogue, a Cancellaria acuminata is mentioned (Anon., 1819: 9, n° 99), a name senior to C. acuminata Sowerby (I), 1832. The only extra information given is: “extrêmement rare”. Therefore, independent of its anonymous authorship, C. acuminata (Anon., 1819) is a nomen nudum and not an available name (ICZN 12.1).

Fig. 20: Trigonostoma scala (Gmelin, 1791), N’Gor village, Dakar, Senegal (AV0137/1)

88 Conclusion: The very confusing use of the Dutch vernacular name Bordestrap has been traced. No proof could be found that the unnamed shell figured by Favanne (1780: pl. 79, fig. CC) is the same as the MHNG 1095/34 shell that has been considered to be the type of Delphinula trigonostoma Lamarck. The history of cited MHNG shell had been traced back to 1830; this has now been extended to about 1810. It can be accepted with high probability that the cited MHNG shell is indeed this species’ other syntype that was “seen but not possessed” by Lamarck. Non-exhaustive overview of literature references: The species now known as Trigonostoma scalare (Gmelin, 1791), occurring in the Indian and West-Pacific ocean: 1766 Meuschen p. 8, N° 156 1767 Meuschen, fig. b. 1780 Favanne pl. 79, lowermost figs. C. 1791 Buccinum scalare Gmelin p. 3495 1804 Lamarck p. 109 1811 Trigona pellucida Perry, pl. LI, n°1-2 1822 Delphinula trigonostoma Lamarck p.231, n° 3 1827 Trigonostoma trigonostoma - Blainville p. 652 1830 Cancellaria trigonostoma - Deshayes p. 180 1841 Cancellaria trigonostoma - Kiener pl. 1, fig. 1 1847 Cancellaria trigonostoma - Chenu 274 pl. V, fig. 2 1849 Cancellaria trigonostoma - Sowerby [II] pl. xciv, figs. 45-46 1856 Cancellaria trigonostoma - Reeve, species 51, pl. xi, figs. 51a,b 1984 Trigonostoma scalare - Petit p. 58 2011 Trigonostoma scalare - Verhecken, p. 35, pl. 9, figs.1-3. Publications referring to Trigonostoma scala (Gmelin, 1791), occurring off NW Africa (here Fig. 20): 1780 Chemnitz 4, Vignette 37 (non Martini 1777: 383, second Vignette 136; non 303, first Vignette 136) 1832 Cancellaria rigida Sowerby p. 53 1833 Cancellaria costata Sowerby fig. 42 1976 Trigonaphera withrowi Petit p.39, pl. 2, fig. 3 1984 Scalptia scala - Petit p. 58 2007 Trigonostoma scala - Verhecken, p. 339, figs. 51 A-F. References to non-trigonostomid species : 1741 Rumphius pl. XLIX, fig. A for the Wenteltrap 1757 D’Argenville Coquilles univalues [sic] très rares. Première planche, fig. F. 3. 1764 Petiver Opera Tom. I tab. 101, fig. 14 1772 Knorr Part 3, pl.7, fig. 2. Reference given by Bruguière for Buccin cabestan. 1774 Pallas 33, tab. 3, figs. 7, 8 1777 Martini, 411, pl. 118, figs. 1089a, b; described and figured under the names ächte Vortreppe, Freytreppe, Schifswinde aus Mariland, and Bordes-trapje.

1780 Chemnitz, 1780: pl. 122, fig. 1130, the figure referred to as Missgeburt. Acknowledgements: Thanks are due to C. Bolze (MHNH, Paris) for information on the anonymous catalogue, to T. Backeljau (RBINS, Brussels) for his efforts in obtaining a digital copy of it and to Y. Finet (MHNG, Genève) for the photos of the MHNG specimen. C. Vos (Scherpenheuvel, Belgium) and J.F. Lesport (Sainte-Hélène, France) are thanked for help in obtaining literature; the latter also for a critical reading of the manuscript. References: Anon., 1766. Systematische Catalogus van een uytmuntend Kabinet van ongemeene en schoone gepolyste Hoorens en doublet-schelpen… nagelaten by wylen de heer Michiel Oudaan. v-xiv, 3-144. Bosch, Burgvliet & Arrenberg, Rotterdam, 18 november 1766. (In Dutch and French) Anon., 1819. Notice d’une nombreuse et magnifique collection de coquilles s’élevant à plus de 5,500 individus, tous de la plus parfaite conservation, et le plus grand nombre d’espèces inédites ou très-précieuses. A VENDRE PRESENTEMENT. Bailleul, Paris. Blainville, H. M. D. de, 1825-1827. Manuel de Malacologie et de Conchyliologie. Levrault, Paris, 1-647 (1825); 649-664, 109 pls. (1827) Brongersma, L.D., 1978. Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie 1878-1978: past, present, and future. Scripta Geologica, 48: 37-96. Bruguière, J.G., 1789. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire naturelle des Vers. Tome 6. Panckoucke, Paris et Plomteux, Liège. Buffon, H.N. de (ed.), 1860. Correspondance inédite de Buffon à laquelle ont été réunies les lettres publiées jusqu’à ce jour. Tome 2. Hachette, Paris. Chemnitz, J.H., 1780. Neues systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, Band IV. Raspe, Nürnberg. Chenu, J.C., 1847. Leçons élémentaires sur l’Histoire naturelle des animaux précédées d’ un aperçu général sur la Zoologie. Ouvrage adressé à Mme François Delessert. Conchyliologie. Dubochet, Le Chevalier & Cie, Paris. i-viii, 1-364, pls. 1-12, text-figs. 1-1244. Crosse, H., 1861. Etude sur le genre Cancellaire, suivie du catalogue des espèces vivantes et fossiles actuellement connues. Journal de Conchyliologie 9 : 220-236. Cuvier, G., 1825. Eloge historique de M. Richard. Mémoires du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, 12: 349-366. Dance, S.P., 1966. Shell collecting, an illustrated history. Faber & Faber, London, 7-344, figs. 1-31, pls. I-XXXV. D’Argenville, D., 1742. L’histoire naturelle éclaircie dans deux de ses parties principales, la Lithologie et la Conchyliologie. 1-491, pls. 1-33. De Bure, Paris. D’Argenville, D., 1757. L’histoire naturelle éclaircie dans une de ses parties principales, la Conchyliologie, .... Nouvelle édition. xi-xxii. Première partie, 1-379; pls. 1-29. Seconde partie, 1-84, pls. 1-9; coquilles univalues [sic] très rares, pls 1-3; Apendice [sic] 381-394; table alphabétique, i-cvii. De Bure, Paris. De Bure, G.F., 1783. Catalogue des livres de la bibliothèque de feu M. le duc de la Vallière. Première partie. Tome

89 premier. De Bure, Paris. i-lxiv, Additions 1-71, 1-602. Delessert, B., 1841. Recueil de Coquilles décrites par Lamarck …et non encore publiées. Fortin, Paris. Plates 1-40, text-pages unnumbered. Deleuze, M., 1823. Histoire et description du Muséum royal d’Histoire naturelle. Royer, Paris. II : 331-716. Deshayes, G.P., 1830. Encyclopédie méthodique. Histoire naturelle des Vers. Agasse, Paris 2 (I): 1-256. Deshayes, G.P., 1835, in Lamarck, Deshayes & Milne Edwards 1835-45. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertrèbres, Deuxième édition, tome sixième, i-iv, 1-600. Baillière, Paris. Deshayes, G.P., 1839, in Lamarck, Deshayes & Milne Edwards 1837-39. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertrèbres ... Troisème édition, tome troisième, 5-764. Meline, Cans et Co, Bruxelles. Deshayes, G.P., 1843, in Lamarck, Deshayes & Milne Edwards 1837-39. Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans vertèbres…. Deuxième edition. tome 9, 1-725. Baillière, Paris. Dietz, B., 2006. Mobile objects: the space of shells in eighteenth-century France. British Journal for the history of Science 39 (3): 363-382. Doeveren, van, G., 1778. Museum Gronovianum sive Index naturalium … vir amplissimus et celeberrimus Lavr. Theod. Gronovius. Haak, Lugduni Batavorum. Ebert, F.A., 1821. Allgemeines Bibliographisches Lexikon. Erster Band. Brockhaus, Leipzig. Favanne de Montcervelle, Père et Fils, 1780, in: D’Argenville, D., La conchyliologie, ou Histoire naturelle des Coquilles de Mer, d’eau douce, terrestres et fossiles … Edn. 3. vol. 1: i-iv,lx, 1-878; vol. 2 :1-84; vol 3: plates 1-80. De Bure, Paris. Fischer, P., 1862. Museum Calonneanum. Journal de Conchyliologie 10: 276-279. Gersaint, E.F., 1736. Catalogue raisonné de coquilles et autres curiosités naturelles. Flahault & Prault, Paris Avertissement, 1-167. Gersaint, E.F., 1749. Catalogue d’une collection de coquilles. Prault & Barrois, Paris. Gmelin, J.F., 1791. Caroli a Linnaeus Systema naturae per regna tria naturae. Editio decima tertia. Vol. 1 part 6, Vermes. Helle & Remy, 1757. Catalogue raisonné d’une collection considérable de coquilles rares et choisies du cabinet de M. le ***. Didot, Paris. Hemmen, J., 2007. Annotated and illustrated catalog of recent Cancellariidae. Hemmen, Wiesbaden. Humphrey, G., 1797. Museum Calonnianum. Specification of the various articles which compose the magnificent Museum of natural history collected by M. de Calonne in France, and lately his property. Humphrey, London. iii-viii, 1-84. Kämmerer, C.L., 1786. Die Conchylien im Cabinette des Herrn Erbprinzen von Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt. Der Verfasser, Rudolstadt. Kiener, L.C., 1841. Spécies general et Iconographie des coquilles vivantes ... Famille des Canalifères. Deuxième partie. Genre Cancellaire. 1-44, pls. 1-9. Rousseau, Paris. Knorr, G.W., 1770-75. Verlustiging der Oogen en van den Geest of Verzameling van allerlei bekende Hoorens en Schulpen. Houttuyn, Amsterdam. The French edition (1760-1773), Collection des différentes espèces de Coquillages qu’on trouve dans les Mers …. Part VI, Nuremberg, 1773 (pls. I-XL), has the same content on pl.

xvii as the German original. A collation of the German edition is given by Schröter (1783, Vorrede, xxi). Kohn, A., 1993. A chronological taxonomy of Conus, 1758-1840. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. Krünitz, J.G., 1790 (ed.). D. Friedr. Heinr. Wilh. Martini’s allgemeine Geschichte der Natur in alphabetischer Ordnung; fortgesetzt von einer Gesellschaft Gelehrten. Neunter Theil. Pauli, Berlin. Kunth, C., 1824. Notice sur la vie et les ouvrages de Louis-Claude-Marie Richard, membre de l’Institut, professeur à la Faculté de Médecine de Paris… Annales des Sciences naturelles, Sér. 1 tome 1: 201-221. Lamarck, J. B., 1801. Système des animaux sans vertèbres. L’auteur & Deterville, Paris. Lamarck, J. B., 1804. Suite des Mémoires sur les fossiles des environs de Paris. Annales du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 4: 105-115. Levrault, Paris. Lamarck, J.B., 1819. Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans vertèbres. Tome 6, 1e partie, Février-Juin, Avertissement, v-vi. Chez l’Auteur, Paris. Lamarck, J.B., 1822. Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans vertèbres. Tome 6, 2e partie. Chez l’Auteur, Paris. Lamy, E., 1915. Note sur une collection conchyliologique du commencement du XIXe siècle. Bulletin du Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, 1915 (3): 101-104. Lichtenstein, A.A., 1794. Verzeichniss von höchstseltenen … Naturalien … Zweyter Abschnitt, bestehend aus Schnecken und Muscheln. Schniebes, Hamburg. Sale by Schöen, June 30, 1794. Lightfoot, J., 1786. A catalog of the Portland Museum, lately the property of the Duchess Dowager of Portland, deceased, which will be sold by auction … April 1786. ii-viii, 3-194. Löbbecke, T., 1881-1887. Das Genus Cancellaria nebst Anhang Admete von Dr W. Kobelt. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, Band 4, Abtheilung 4. Bauer & Raspe, Nürnberg. Malloizel, M.G. (ed.), 1899. Catalogue de la bibliothèque et des collections de Feu Crosse, directeur du Journal de Conchyliologie … 20-30 Novembre 1899. Fils d’Emile Deyrolle, Paris. (The name of the editor is given on p. 28) Martini, F.H.W., 1777. Neues Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, vol. III. i-vi, 1-434, pl. LXVI-CXXI. Raspe, Nürnberg. Mermod, G. & Binder, E., 1963. Les type de la Collection Lamarck au Muséum de Genève. Mollusques vivants. V. Revue suisse de Zoologie 70, fascicule 1 (N° 7): 127-171. Métivier, B., 1982. Cours [sic] historique du laboratoire de Biologie des Invertébrés marins et Malacologie et de ses collections. Xenophora n° 12: 16-18. Meuschen, F.C., 1766. Catalogus Musei V. D. M** ofte systematische naamlijst van eene ongemeene verzameling van Hoorens en Doublet-Schelpen … nagelaten door wylen den Hoog Wel-Ed. Gestr. Heer V. D. M** &. beredeneerd door F. C. M**. Amsterdam, 30 April 1766. Meuschen, F.C., 1767. Catalogus Musei Leersiani ofte Systematische naamlijst van eene uitmuntende verzameling van Hoorens en doublet-schelpen … nagelaten door wylen den Heer Arnoud Leers … beredeneerd door F. C. M.*. Amsterdam, 20 Mey 1767. Text in Dutch and French. Meuschen, F.C., 1787. Museum Geversianum sive index rerum naturalium. iii-iv, 1-659. Van Karnebeek, La Haye. Text in Latin and French. (Mentions P. & J. Holsteyn; authorship of Meuschen: cfr. Dance 1966: 321) Michel, P., 2007. Le commerce du tableau à Paris dans la 2eme moitié de XVe siècle. Presses Universitaires du

90 Septentrion, Villeneuve d’Asc. Mongin, D., 1977. Jean-Baptiste-Pierre-Antoine Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1794-1829), pages in Palmer, K. (ed.), 1977. Neave, S.A., 1939-1996. Nomenclator zoologicus; a list of the Names of Genera and Subgenera in Zoology from the tenth Edition of Linnaeus, 1758, to the End of 1935 (with supplements). Zoological Society, London. Orbigny, C. d’, 1841-1849. Dictionnaire universel d’histoire naturelle. Tomes i-xiii, Atlas. Bureau principal de l’Editeur, Paris. Packard, A.S., 1901. Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution: His Life and Work. Chapter V. Longmans Green, New York. Pallas, P.S., 1774. Spicilegia Zoologica. Fasc. 10. Lange, Berolini. Palmer, K.V.W. (ed.), 1977. The unpublished vélins of Lamarck (1802-1809) Illustrations of fossils of the Paris Basin Eocene. Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca. Perry, G., 1811. Conchology, or the natural history of shells. Miller, London. Petit, R.E., 1984. Some early names in Cancellariidae. American Malacological Bulletin 2: 57-61. Petit, R.E. & Harasewych, M.G., 1987. The Indo-West Pacific species of of the genus Trigonostoma sensu stricto (Gastropoda: Cancellariidae). The Veliger, 301 (1) : 76-81. Petiver, J., 1764. Opera historiam naturalem spectantia. Vols. I-II. J. Millan, London. Gazophyllacii Naturae et Artis, pl. CI. Pfeiffer, L., 1840. Kritisches Register zu Martini und Chemnitz’s systematischem Konchylien Kabinet. Fischer, Kassel. vii-viii, 1-112. Pinault-Sørensen, M., 1998. Dezallier d’Argenville, l’Encyclopédie et la Conchyliologie. In: Recherches sur Diderot et sur l’Encyclopédie, 24: 101-148. Querard, J.M., 1828. La France littéraire ou Dictionnaire bibliographique …. Tome 2. Didot, Paris. Reeve, L.A., 1856. Monograph of the genus Cancellaria. Conchologia Iconica 10, pls. 1-18; pages unnumbered. Rumphius, G.E., 1741. D’Amboinsche Rariteitskamer , … Opdracht, Voorreden van de drukker, Tafel der Hooftdeelen: unpaginated; 1-340, indexpages unnumbered, pls. I-LX. de Jonge, Amsterdam. Schröter, J.S., 1783. Einleitung in die Conchylienkenntnis

nach Linné. Band 1. Von den Schnecken. Gebauer, Halle. Schröter, J.S., 1791. Von einigen Seltenheiten in dem Cabinette des Herrn Erbprinzen zu Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt und des Herrn geheimen Cammerrath von Brockenburg in Rudolstadt. Der Naturforscher 25: 137-169. Halle. Sipman, D., 1741. Beschrijving en verdeeling der Amboinsche Hoornen en Schulpen. In: Rumphius, G. E., 1741, 167-194. Sowerby, G.B. [I], 1825. A catalog of the shells contained in the collection of the late earl of Tankerville, arranged according to the Lamarckian conchological system, together with an Appendix , containing descriptions of many new species. Stirling, London, vii + 92 + xxxiv Appendix, 9 pls. Sowerby, G.B. [I], 1832. Genus Cancellaria. In: Broderip , W. J. & Sowerby, G. B., Characters of new species of Mollusca and Conchifera, collected by Mr. Cuming. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1832, 250-55. Sowerby, G.B. [I], 1832a. Cancellaria. In: the Conchological Illustrations. London, Parts 9-13. Sowerby, G.B. [II], 1849. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of Shells. Monograph of the genus Cancellaria, 439-461, pls. xcii-xcvi. Thiéry, L. V., 1787. Guide des amateurs et des étrangers voyageurs à Paris ... Tome second. Hardouin & Gattey, Paris. Verhecken, A., 1986. The recent Cancellariidae of Indonesia (Neogastropoda, Cancellariacea). Gloria Maris 25: 29-66. Verhecken, A., 2007. Revision of the Cancellariidae (Mollusca, Neogastropoda, Cancellarioidea) of the eastern Atlantic (40°N-40°S) and the Mediterranean. Zoosystema 29 (2) 281-364. Verhecken, A., 2011. The Cancellariidae of the PANGLAO Marine Biodiversity Project 2004 and the PANGLAO 2005 and AURORA 2007 deep sea cruises in the Philippines, with description of six new species. (Neogastropoda, Cancellarioidea). Vita Malacologica 9: 1-60. Winkler Prins, C. F. in Winkler Prins & Donovan, S. K. (eds.), 2004. Geological collections of the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (Leiden, The Netherlands): cultural heritage of the geosciences and mining. Proc. VII Int. Symp. 'Cultural Heritage in Geosciences’, Scripta Geologica, Spec. Issue 4.

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New species of Columbellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from French Polynesia

Kevin MONSECOUR (1) & David MONSECOUR (2)

(1) Roodhuisstraat 3A, 3200 Aarschot, Belgium kevin.monsecour@telenet.be

(2) Dahliastraat 24, 3200 Aarschot, Belgium david.monsecour@telenet.be

Keywords: GASTROPODA, COLUMBELLIDAE, Ascalista, Mitrella, French Polynesia; Abstract: Four new species of Columbellidae: Mitrella gourgueti sp. nov., Ascalista letourneuxi sp. nov., Seminella makemoensis sp. nov. and Zafra australensis sp. nov. are introduced as new to science. All originate from French Polynesia and all are compared with the most closely related species.

Introduction: Most Columbellidae from French Poynesia are well-known as they are common species with a wide distribution throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Yet, the number of species is not as high as in the centre of the region, like in most molluscan families. Three local collectors (Michel Boutet, Jean Letourneux and Robert Gourguet) are going to great lengths to list all molluscs occuring in French Polynesia with the goal of publishing a book on them (expected 2016). They collected samples in a lot of places and made material available to specialists on particular families. The Columbellidae we could study contain 43 species : 28 of these species are species with a wide Indo-Pacific distribution, 4 are known species with a more limited distribution or endemic to Polynesia, and 11 species are species hitherto not known to science. Unfortunately, 7 of these unknown species have hitherto only been collected in very limited numbers (only 1 or 2 for most of them), and often in bad condition. The 4 remaining species have sufficiently been sampled, including specimens in nice condition. These 4 species are described herein. Abbreviations : MNHN: Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris CMB : Collection Michel Boutet CJL : Collection Jean Letourneux CDM: Collection David Monsecour CKM: Collection Kevin Monsecour

Systematic account:

Family COLUMBELLIDAE Swainson, 1840 Subfamily Atiliinae Cossmann, 1901

Genus Mitrella Risso, 1826 Type species by subsequent designation (Cox, 1927): Mitrella flaminea Risso, 1826 [= Mitrella scripta (Linnaeus, 1758)]. Mediterranean.

Mitrella gourgueti sp. nov. Plate 1, Figs. 1-4

Type material: Holotype MNHN IM 2000-30795, 3 paratypes CMB, 2 paratypes CKM. Type locality: French Polynesia, Austral Islands, Rapa Island, Anatakuri Bay. Distribution: Only known from Rapa Island. Most like-ly endemic to the region surrounding the type locality. Description: Shell of rather small size for the genus, adult size 7-9 mm; biconical, elongate. Suture slightly impressed. Protoconch paucispiral, consisting of 1.5 to 1.75 smooth whorls. Transition to teleoconch hardly visible. Teleoconch consisting of 6 to 6.5 whorls. All teleoconch whorls without axial and spiral sculpture, apart from the basal cords, which are clearly present on the last whorl. These cords ventrally range as far as the adapical edge of the columella. Outer lip clearly thickened; on the outside bearing the continuations of the basal cords at the abapical end and with an axial rim near the lip. Inside of outer lip denticulate, with 6 denticles. Columellar callus slightly raised with a distinct rim with 5 denticles. Parietal callus weak or

Gloria Maris 54 (2) 91 – 97 Antwerp; 13 December 2015

92 obsolete. Siphonal canal very short, open, slightly recurved. There are two major morphs in specimens of Mitrella gourgueti sp. nov.: specimens like the holotype are white to off-white on both teleoconch and protoconch whorls, other specimens are caramel brown, with an off-white to brown protoconch. Both morphs share the rest of their colour pattern: they have a subsutural band of pure white blotches on the early teleoconch whorls and some specimens show a very faint pattern of fine axial brownish lines. The basal cords are dark brown with some white blotches. The aperture is white; the columella and the inside of canal show the brown colour of the basal cords. Operculum and radula not studied. Height of holotype: 8.0 mm. Remarks: This species has already been known to collectors in the French Polynesian region for a long time. It is often labelled Mitrella fuscobasis Rehder, as Rehder planned to describe this species. Unfortunately, Rehder never got this species published and no unpublished manuscript could be traced. This species stands out from most other Mitrella from the region by its paucispiral protoconch and its typical colour pattern. At this moment, there are only two other known species of Mitrella with a paucispiral protoconch and of about the same size in French Polynesia: Mitrella philia (Duclos, 1846) and Mitrella alofa (Hedley, 1899). Mitrella philia has a deeply incised suture, only 4-5 teleoconch whorls, a narrower aperture and a complete-ly different colour pattern. Mitrella alofa is larger, has a more elegant shell, axial and spiral sculpture on the early teleoconch whorls, a completely different colour pattern and lives in deeper water. Etymology: Named in honour of Robert Gourguet from Tahiti for his efforts to catalogue the shells of French Polynesia and for his help.

Genus Ascalista Drivas & Jay, 1990 Type species by original designation (Drivas & Jay, 1990): Zafra polita G. & H. Nevill, 1875. Mauritius.

Ascalista letourneuxi sp. nov. Plate 1, Figs. 7-11

Type material: Holotype MNHN IM 2000-30796, 9 paratypes CJL, 3 paratypes CKM, 1 paratype CDM.

Type locality: French Polynesia, Austral Islands, Rapa Island, Ahurei Bay, at 1-5m deep. Distribution: Only known from the Austral Islands. Apart from Rapa Island, also reported from Rurutu, Raivavae, Tubuai and Rimatara (pers com. J. Letourneux). Description: Shell of moderate size for the genus, adult size up to 4.0 mm; biconical, elongate. Suture slightly impressed, with a minor incision in most specimens. Protoconch paucispiral, bulbous, consisting of 1.5 to 1.75 smooth whorls. Transition to teleoconch clearly visible. Teleoconch consisting of 3.5 to 4.0 whorls. All teleoconch whorls virtually without any axial or spiral sculpture, apart from the basal cords, which are clearly present on the last whorl. These cords ventrally range until just above mid-apertural height. Very fine axial and spiral sculpture can be discerned when using a microscope. Aperture elongate and narrow. Outside of outer lip bearing the continuations of the basal cords at the abapical end. Inside of outer lip not denticulate, but with a clear, smooth rim. Columellar callus slightly raised and not denticulate, deeper down the aperture the columella has a rim with a faint incision in the middle of this very rim. Parietal callus clearly present. Siphonal canal very short, half-open, slightly recurved. Teleoconch whorls of the holotype off-white with a network of white and faint brown axial zigzag lines. A spiral band of white and brown blotches is present just below the suture. Protoconch off-white. Aperture and columella white to off-white. Some of the paratypes show that the species can be variable in colour: there are almost uniformly brown or yellowish brown specimens sharing the subsutural band and specimens with a browner axial pattern. Radula not studied. Height of holotype: 3.7 mm. Remarks: Drivas & Jay (1990) originally assigned two species to the genus Ascalista: the type species Ascalista polita (G. & H. Nevill, 1875) and Ascalista parvula (Viader, 1951). The latter was transferred to Zafra (Mokumea) Habe, 1991 by Habe (1991) when describing this subgenus which now has full generic status. This means the genus Ascalista only included one species until now: Ascalista polita. At first sight, Ascalista letourneuxi looks identical to A. polita with about the same size and colour morphs, but both can easily be distinguished by their protoconchs: A. letourneuxi has a paucispiral protoconch of only 1.5 to 1.75 whorls, whereas A. polita has a multispiral proto-

93 conch of 2.5-3.0 whorls. A. polita also has a more elongated shell, whereas A. letourneuxi is slightly more swollen. Etymology: Named in honour of Jean Letourneux from Tahiti for supplying most of the material for this study.

Genus Seminella Pease, 1868 Type species by subsequent designation (Iredale, 1916): Cythara varia Pease, 1860 (non Sowerby, 1832) [= Seminella peasei von Martens & Langkavel, 1871]. Indo-Pacific.

Seminella makemoensis sp. nov. Plate 2, Figs. 15-19

Type material: Holotype MNHN IM 2000-30797, 8 paratypes CJL, 1 paratype CKM. Type locality: French Polynesia, Tuamotu Islands, Makemo, Arikitamiro passage, 40-47m deep. Distribution: The holotype and 5 paratypes originate from the type locality. Two paratypes originate from Tuamotu Islands, Rangiroa, at 81-100m and two originate from Society Islands, Tahiti, Arue, at 33-61m. The distribution most likely covers most of the Society Islands and the western and central islands of the Tuamotu Islands. Description: Shell moderately small for the genus, adult size up to 3.0 mm; biconical, elongate, whorls shouldered. Protoconch multispiral, consisting of 3.25 to 3.50 whorls, with smooth first whorl and weak axial sculpture on further protoconch whorls. Transition to teleoconch clearly visible. Teleoconch consisting of 2.8 to 3.0 whorls. Axial sculpture of 13-14 axial ribs on all whorls, interspaces slightly narrower than ribs. Spiral sculpture absent, apart from the basal cords, which are clearly present on the last whorl. These cords ventrally range till mid-apertural height. Aperture elongate and narrow. Outside of outer lip bearing the continuations of the basal cords at the abapical end, inside not denticulate, but with a clear, smooth rim. Columellar callus raised and not denticulate, deeper down the aperture the columella has a rim with a faint incision just below the middle of this very rim. Parietal callus clearly present. Siphonal canal very short, half-open, slightly recurved. Teleoconch whorls semi-translucent and pale yellowish brown. A white spiral band is present just below the

suture and in most specimens also at midwhorl. The basal cords are white with some brown lines or spots. Protoconch, aperture and columella white to off-white. Radula not studied. Height of holotype: 2.9 mm. Remarks: Until now, 2 species of Seminella have been known to occur in French Polynesia: Seminella peasei (Martens & Langkavel, 1871) and Seminella virginea (Gould, 1860). S. peasei has a widespread distribution, occurring throughout the entire Indo-Pacific region (from the eastern coasts of Africa to French Polynesia) and this species also has a huge number of colour morphs, both leading to the description of a lot of synonyms (see Monsecour, 2015). S. virginea has a more limited range: it only occurs on the Islands of the Pacific, including Hawaii (Severns, 2011). Seminella makemoensis shares the axially sculptured multispiral protoconch with Seminella peasei, but differs by its smaller size, the shouldered whorls, the lower number of teleoconch whorls (S. peasei has between 3.5 and 4.0 teleoconch whorls), the lower number of axial ribs, which are also stronger (S. peasei has about 17-20 ribs) and the absence of spiral sculpture apart from the basal cords (S. peasei has weak spiral ribs on all teleoconch whorls). Seminella virginea can easily be distinguished from both S. peasei and S. makemoensis by its different protoconch, which is smooth. S. virginea is about the same size as S. peasei, but also lacks spiral sculpture (apart from the basal cords). Next to the different protoconch and size, S. virginea can also be distinguish-ed from S. makemoensis by the unshouldered whorls and the more numerous and weaker axial ribs. S. makemoensis only lives in deeper water (33-100 m) whereas S. peasei and S. virginea can be found from 2-3 m deep down to 30-40 m deep. Etymology: Named after the type locality: Makemo, Tuamotu Islands.

Genus Zafra A. Adams, 1860 Type species by monotypy: Zafra mitriformis A. Adams, 1860. Japan.

Zafra australensis sp. nov. Plate 2, Figs. 26-29

Type material: Holotype MNHN IM 2000-30798, 9 paratypes CJL, 3 paratypes CKM.

94 Type locality: French Polynesia, Austral Islands, Rapa Island, Ahurei Bay, 1-5m deep. Distribution: This species seems to be endemic to the Austral Islands, French Polynesia. Apart from the type locality, paratypes originate from the following other islands belonging to the Austral Islands: Maria, Raivavae, Rimatara and Rurutu. Description: Shell of moderate size for the genus, adult size up to 4.5 mm; biconical, elongate. Whorls slightly shouldered. Protoconch paucispiral, consisting of 1.4 to 1.6 smooth whorls. Transition to teleoconch clearly visible. Teleoconch consisting of 4.2 to 4.8 whorls. Axial sculpture of 13-14 strong axial ribs on all whorls, interspaces about the same size as the ribs. Spiral sculpture absent, apart from the basal cords, which are clearly present on the last whorl. These cords ventrally range as far as the adapical edge of the columella. Outside of outer lip bearing the continuations of the basal cords at the abapical end, inside not denticulate, but with a thickened nodule under the sinus on the upper half of the lip, abapical end not thickened. Columellar callus raised and not denticulate. Parietal callus clearly present. Deeper down the aperture there is a clear incision between columellar and parietal callus. Siphonal canal very short, half-open, slightly recurved. Teleoconch whorls brownish orange. Most specimens show a white spiral band at midwhorl, some higher-spired specimens also show this band just above the suture. This band is continuous or blotched, creating a pattern of brown and white flames. Some specimens lack this band and are uniformly coloured. Basal cords brown with white, most abapical end white. Protoconch, aperture and columella paler than rest of the shell, but of the same colour. Radula not studied. Height of holotype: 3.2 mm. Remarks: Zafra australensis is closest to Zafra smithi (Angas, 1877), a species originally described from Australia (Port Jackson, Sydney). It is also reported from Queensland (Beechey, 2015) and from New Caledonia (collection first author). Other reports are most likely closely related species and cannot be confirmed. Z. australensis differs from Z. smithi by its protoconch (Z. smithi has a protoconch of about 1.8-1.9 whorls), its shouldered whorls, the lower number of axial ribs (in Z. smithi there are 16-18 ribs on each whorl) and its slightly different colour pattern (Z. smithi has an extra white spiral band just below the suture).

Two other species of Zafra, Z. rufopiperata (Smith, 1884) and Z. debilis (Hedley, 1915), have the same colour pattern, but they can easily be distinguished from Z. australensis by their multispiral protoconch and more elegant shape. These two taxa may (prove to) be conspecific, but due to a lack of material, this cannot be confirmed. Etymology: Named after the Austral Islands, French Polynesia. Acknowledgments: We would like to thank Michel Boutet, Jean Letourneux and Robert Gourguet for kindly allowing us to study the collumbellid material their field trips in French Polynesia have yielded, and Philippe Bacchet for the use of some of his photographs. References: Angas, G.F., 1877. Descriptions of one genus and twenty-five species of marine shells from New South Wales. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 171-177. Beechey, D., 2007. Zafra smithi. In: The seashells of New South Wales (2014). At http://seashellsofnsw.org.au/Pages/ Zafra_smithi.htm on 15-08-2015. Drivas, J. & Jay, M., 1990. The Columbellidae of Reunion Island. Annals of the Natal Museum 31: 163-200. Habe, T., 1991. A new species of the genus Zafra from Amami-Oshima, South of Kyushu, Japan with a new subgenus (Columbellidae). Venus 50(2), 95-97. Monsecour, K., 2015. Seminella peasei. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails& id=511647 on 15-08-2015. Severns, M., 2011. Shells of theHawaiian Islands - The Sea Shells. Conchbooks, Hackenheim. 564 pp.

95 Plate 1 1-4: Mitrella gourgueti sp. nov.

1-2: holotype. Austral Islands, Rapa Island, Anatakuri Bay. MNHN. 8.0 mm. 3: Paratype. Austral Islands, Rapa Island, Anatakuri Bay. CMB. 7.7 mm. 4: Paratype. Austral Islands, Rapa Island, Anatakuri Bay. CMB. 6.9 mm.

5: Mitrella philia (Duclos, 1846). Austral Islands. Rapa. CMB. 6.2mm. (Photo: P. Bacchet) 6: Mitrella alofa (Hedley, 1899) Society Islands, Tahiti. CJL. 9.5 mm. (Photo: P. Bacchet) 7-11: Ascalista letourneuxi sp. nov.

7-8, 11: Holotype. Austral Islands, Rapa Island, Ahurei Bay. MNHN. 3.7 mm. 7-8: ventral and dorsal view 11: detail of protoconch 9: Paratype. Austral Islands, Rapa Island, Ahurei Bay. CJL. 4.2 mm. 10: Paratype. Austral Islands, Rapa Island, Ahurei Bay. CJL. 4.0 mm.

12-14: Ascalista polita (G. & H. Nevill, 1875). Philippines, Mactan, Punta Engano. CKM. 3.8 mm.

Plate 2 15-19: Seminella makemoensis sp. nov.

15-16,19: Holotype. Tuamotu Islands, Makemo, Arikitamiro passage. MNHN. 2.9 mm. 15-16: ventral and dorsal view 19: detail of protoconch 17-18: Paratype. Society Islands, Tahiti, Arue. CJL. 2.8 mm.

20-22: Seminella peasei (Martens & Langkavel, 1871). Society Islands, Tahiti. CJL. 3.6 mm.

20-21: ventral and dorsal view (Photos: P. Bacchet) 22: detail of protoconch

23-25: Seminella virginea (Gould, 1860). Society Islands, Tahiti. CJL. 3.6 mm.

23-24: ventral and dorsal view (Photos: P. Bacchet) 25: detail of protoconch

26-29: Zafra australensis sp. nov.

26-28: Holotype. Austral Islands, Rapa Island, Ahurei Bay. MNHN. 3.2 mm. 26-27: ventral and dorsal view 28: detail of protoconch 29: Paratype. Austral Islands, Rapa Island, Ahurei Bay. CJL. 4.5mm

30-31: Zafra smithi (Angas, 1877). Australia, New South Wales. CKM. 3.2 mm. 30: ventral view 31: detail of protoconch

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19de editie ANKONA-ontmoetingsdag:

zaterdag 13 februari 2016 (Antwerpen, Campus Groenenborger)

Halfweg het VN-decennium ‘Biodiversiteit 2011-2020 ... nog 5 jaar te gaan … of te lopen?

De jaarlijkse ANKONA-ontmoetingsdag is het uitgelezen moment om collega-natuurliefhebbers te ontmoeten en nieuwtjes uit te wisselen. De ANtwerpse KOepel voor NAtuurstudie (www.provincie antwerpen.be, zoeken op ‘ANKONA’) organiseert ieder jaar deze studiedag én trefdag i.s.m. de Uni-versiteit Antwerpen (UA), departement Biologie - ECOBE. De 19de editie heeft plaats op zaterdag 13 februari 2016 op de UA-Campus Groenenborger (Groenenbor-gerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen) en start om 9u30. Deze editie heeft als thema ‘Halfweg het VN-decennium ‘Biodiversiteit 2011-2020 ... nog 5 jaar te gaan … of te lopen?’ Het programma ziet er al vast gevarieerd en veel belovend uit …Dus voor ieder wat wils! (voor het volledige programma – zie volgende pagina) Klassiek is er zowel in de voormiddag als in namiddag een praktische workshop. Voor beide workshops is het aantal deelnemers beperkt tot 20. Hou je meer van le-zingen en wil je je programma in de voormiddag zelf samenstellen? Dat kan, door te ‘zappen’ van de ene pa-rallelle sessie naar de andere. Tijdens de middag wordt een kortfilm vertoond over de dagvlinders in de provincie Antwerpen en komt een wetenschappelijke illustrator (kunstenaar) een lezing geven over zijn werk.

Kort na de middagpauze is er de klassieke ‘korte berichten’-rubriek waarbij iedere organisatie of vrijwilliger een item kort kan komen toelichten dat verband houdt met natuurstudie. In de namiddag gaat alles in plenum door en gaan we dieper in op het thema van de dag want straks is het 2020 … Het volledig programma kan je (vanaf december) raadplegen op de ANKONA-website (www.ankona.be; rubriek ‘ontmoetingsdagen’). Gedurende de dag kan je info- en boekenstands van diverse (natuur-)verenigingen bezoeken. Deelname is gratis, maar vooraf inschrijven is verplicht en kan t.e.m. 5 februari 2016. Inschrijven doe je bij voorkeur digitaal via de ANKONA-website. Meer info: ANKONA-secretariaat (Provincie Antwerpen): Desguinlei 100, 2018 Antwerpen Koen Cuypers, tel. 03 240 59 88 e-mail: ankona@provincieantwerpen.be; websites: www.ankona.be

http://nl-nl.facebook.com/ankona.provant

LIFE OF THE SOCIETY

KONINKLIJKE BELGISCHE VERENIGING VOOR CONCHYLIOLOGIE

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PROGRAMMA Voormiddag: Vanaf 9u15 ontvangst (koffie/thee) 9u30u - 9u40: Verwelkoming (Rik Röttger, gedeputeerde Leefmilieu, provincie Antwerpen) 9u50 - 12u00: Praktische workshop A: ‘Eenvoudige microscopie voor natuurliefhebbers’ (Frank Van Campen en Jef

Schoors, Koninklijk Antwerps Genootschap voor Micrografie (KAGM)) 9u50 - 12u00: Parallelle SESSIE 1: thema ‘Door het bos de bomen (nog) zien’

09u50: De essenziekte (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) in de provincie Antwerpen (Lieve Deceuninck Antwerpse Mycologische Kring)

10u25: De nieuwe webtool ECOPLAN (toegepast op de Antwerpse of Kempense bossen) (Jan Staes, UA – ECOBE)

11u00: Effect van bosomvorming op de ziekte van Lyme (survey in de Antwerpse Kempen) (Sanne Ruyts, UGent)

11u30: Veteraanbomen in de provincie Antwerpen (Tom Joye, INVERDE) 9u50 - 12u00: Parallelle SESSIE 2: thema ‘Natuur in en langs de waterlopen’

09u50: Realisaties LIFE-Visbeek: ‘van Adders tot Zaaien’ (Fredrik Naedts, Natuurpunt Beheer) 10u25: Voorspellen van bever-damlocaties (in de provincie Antwerpen) en de gemiddelde effecten’

(Kristijn Swinnen, UA / Natuurpunt Studie) 11u00: Resultaten van ‘1000-soorten’-teldag (2015) in het Merkske (B/NL) (Bart Hoeymans, ANB en

Theo Bakker, Staatsbosbeheer Nederland) 11u30: Onderzoek vispassages op kleine waterlopen (Viersels gebroekt, Loeijens Neetje en de

Daelemansloop) (Alain De Vocht, UHasselt) 9u50 - 12u00: Parallelle SESSIE 3: thema ‘Plannen en instrumenten voor uitvoering’

09u50: Het ontwerp-groenplan van stad Antwerpen: case ‘Struisbeekvallei’ (Wilrijk)’ (Karina Rooman, stad Antwerpen)

10u25: Van Herentals naar Broechem en terug op zoek naar een partner. Het liefdesleven van vleermuizen in kaart gebracht (Sven Verkem N8/Vleermuizenwerkgroep Natuurpunt)

11u00-12u00: Wegwijs met webtool ‘GEOPUNT.be’ ikv natuurbeheer en –beleid (Tom Van Herck, Informatie Vlaanderen)

Middagprogramma: Vanaf 12u00: broodjesmaaltijd en mogelijkheid tot het bezoeken van info- en boekenstands 13u00 - 13u10: korte natuurfilm ‘Dagvlinders in de provincie Antwerpen’ (Emiel Boeckx, Vlinderwerkgroep ‘Taxandria’ – Natuurpunt) 13u10 - 13u40: lezing 'Biodiversiteit in wetenschappelijke illustraties – een andere kijk’ (kunstenaar en illustrator, Joris De Raedt) Namiddag 13u45 - 15u10: Praktische workshop B: ‘Determineren van solitaire bijen’ (Aculea, Bijenwerkgroep van Natuurpunt) Of lezingen in plenum 13u45: Korte berichtenrubriek (aankondigingen i.v.m. natuurstudie) 14u35: Heide- en venherstel in het Turnhouts vennengebied: Een landschapsecologische benadering (Mario De Block, ANB i.s.m. VLM) 15u10: PAUZE 15u30: Toestand en trend van enkele habitatsoorten en provinciaal prioritaire soorten (Wouter Vanreusel, Natuurpunt Studie) 16u00: Straks is het 2020: kansen en beperkingen voor biodiversiteit in tijden van verandering (Hans Van Dyck, UCL) 16u30: RECEPTIE

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Shells and Art – a wonderful combination !

Kenneth R. WYE

ken@eatonsseashells.co.uk

Possibly many of you will remember that tucked away in a small side street off the well-known central London Charing Cross Road you would at one time have found a real Mecca for shell collectors: Eatons Shell Shop. This small ‘Aladdin’s Cave’ of marine treasures existed there from the mid 1950’s until 1989, when the whole stock and occupants of the shop moved to new shop premises in Covent Garden. Due to excessive rents and other overheads, it was decided with great reluctance and sorrow to close the shop for good.

I came on the scene at Eatons in 1966, when the owner, Frederick Mayer, a refugee Austrian Jew who fled the Nazis and found refuge here in the UK in 1938 took me on as a young ‘apprentice’ to the seashell trade. F.M joined our home Army and did his bit for his new country home during WW2 and then established the company which was to become partly Eatons Shell Shop. When naming his new business he wanted to call it a typical English name and chose the famous name of Eton (College). You can, however, see where he went wrong and the spelling Eaton has been in existence ever since!

I started in shells primarily because I loved to draw and paint and shells made excellent subjects. I have, over the years, sold many of my paintings of shells – some when the shop was open, and other times by direct commission from mostly European collectors, although one picture went to the office of the then Hawaiian Shell News magazine.

Whilst the shops were running, I was approached by various book publishers to write books on shells and the result has been 3 titles, all of which now are sadly out of print. It was however a great privilege to do so!

I am still selling shells via my website and my Ebay ‘shop’ and I’m sure that again many of you know of my ongoing existence! I also exhibited a series of 30 miniature paintings at the October British Shell Collector’s Club annual show.

If any readers would like a painting for their shell room, office or study wall, or to give an unusual gift, I am happy to quote you reasonable prices for my artwork – your favourite shell perhaps?

I hope to continue both dealing in shells (for all uses) and to carry on painting as long as I can keep a steady hand! The next page will show you some fine examples.

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Kon.B.V.C. - activiteitenkalender 2016 Zondag 10 januari 2016 van 10 tot 12 uur Maandvergadering: Statutaire vergadering + Nieuwjaarsdrink Sporthal Extra Time, Louisalei 24, 2660 Hoboken - Antwerpen Contact Nathal Severijns, GSM 0478449153 Vrijdag 15 januari 2016 van 20 tot 22 uur Bestuursvergadering Clublokaal in het NaLah – Vrieselhof, Schildesteenweg 95, 2520 Oelegem – Ranst Zaterdag 16 januari 2016 van 14 tot 17 uur Succinea determinatievergadering van het excursie-materiaal van 2015 Clublokaal in het NaLah – Vrieselhof, Schildesteenweg 95, 2520 Oelegem – Ranst Contact Marc Hansen, GSM 0477242886 Zondag 14 februari 2016 van 10 tot 12 uur + aanvullend bestuursvergadering Maandvergadering: Reisverslag over Dakla door B. Van Heugten Sporthal Extra Time, Louisalei 24, 2660 Hoboken – Antwerpen Contact Nathal Severijns, GSM 0478449153 Zaterdag 13 februari 2016 van 09u30 tot 17 uur 19de Ankona-ontmoetingsdag UA-Groenenborger Antwerpen Contact Nathal Severijns, GSM 0478449153 Contact Marc Hansen, GSM 0477242886 Zaterdag 20 februari 2016 van 14 tot 17 uur Succinea determinatievergadering van het excursie-materiaal van 2015 Clublokaal in het NaLah – Vrieselhof, Schildesteenweg 95, 2520 Oelegem – Ranst Contact Marc Hansen, GSM 0477242886 Zondag 13 maart 2016 van 10 tot 12 uur Maandvergadering Sporthal Extra Time, Louisalei 24, 2660 Hoboken - Antwerpen Contact Nathal Severijns, GSM 0478449153 Vrijdag 18 maart 2016 van 20 tot 22 uur Bestuursvergadering Clublokaal in het NaLah – Vrieselhof, Schildesteenweg 95, 2520 Oelegem – Ranst

Zaterdag 19 maart 2016 van 14 tot 17 uur Succinea determinatievergadering van het excursie-materiaal van 2015 Clublokaal in het NaLah – Vrieselhof, Schildesteenweg 95, 2520 Oelegem – Ranst Contact Marc Hansen, GSM 0477242886 Zondag 10 april 2016 van 10 tot 12 uur Maandvergadering: ‘Op zoek naar Neritona labiosa in Indonesië’, door Rob Vink Sporthal Extra Time, Louisalei 24, 2660 Hoboken – Antwerpen Contact Nathal Severijns, GSM 0478449153 Vrijdag 15 april 2016 van 20 tot 22 uur Bestuursvergadering Clublokaal in het NaLah – Vrieselhof, Schildesteenweg 95, 2520 Oelegem – Ranst Zaterdag 16 april 2016 van 10 tot 17 uur Succinea-excursie naar omgeving van het Schulens-meer Lummen - Herk de Stad Contact Marc Hansen, GSM 0477242886 Zondag 24 april van 09 tot 12 uur Slak-in-Du-excursie naar de Similiduinen Afspraakplaats: Parking kruispunt Elisalaan Edmont Kamplaan 8, Nieuwpoort, Tramhalte Nieuwpoort Zonnebloem Contact Franky Bauwens, GSM 0486871302 Zaterdag 14 mei van 09 tot 12 uur Slak-in-Du-excursie naar de Doornpanne - 1ste excursie Afspraakplaats: Parking IWVA: Intercommunale Waterleidingsmaatschappij van Veurne – Ambacht Doorpannestraat 2, 8670 Koksijde Contact Franky Bauwens, GSM 0486871302 Zaterdag 21 mei (10 tot 18 uur) en zondag 22 mei 2016 (10 tot 16 uur) 26ste Internationale schelpenbeurs Sporthal Extra Time, Louisalei 24, 2660 Hoboken – Antwerpen Contact Nathal Severijns, GSM 0478449153 Zondag 29 mei 2016 van 10 tot 18 uur Deelname aan de ‘Dag van het Park’ NaLah – Vrieselhof, Schildesteenweg 95, 2520 Oelegem – Ranst Contact Nathal Severijns Gsm. 0478449153 Contact Marc Hansen, GSM 0477242886

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Zondag 12 juni 2016 van 10 tot 12 uur + aanvullend bestuursvergadering Maandvergadering Sporthal Extra Time, Louisalei 24, 2660 Hoboken – Antwerpen Contact Nathal Severijns Gsm. 0478449153 Zaterdag 25 juni 2016 van 09u30 tot 17 uur Combi-excursie Succinea en Slak-in-Du Natuurpunt: 1000-soortendag in de Blanckaart Afspraakplaats: Provinciaal Bezoekerscentrum De Blankaart – Diksmuide: Iepersteenweg 56, 8600 Diks-muide Contact Marc Hansen, GSM 0477242886 Contact Franky Bauwens, GSM 0486871302 Zondag 10 juli van 09 tot 12 uur Slak-in-Du-excursie naar het Hannecaertbos + Ter Yde Contact Franky Bauwens, GSM 0486871302 Zondag 07 augustus van 09 tot 12 uur Slak-in-Du-excursie naar de Oostvoorduinen Contact Franky Bauwens, GSM 0486871302 Zaterdag 27 augustus Doornpanne 09 tot 12 uur Slak-in-Du- excursie naar de Doornpanne – 2e excursie Afspraakplaats: Parking IWVA Intercommunale Waterleidingsmaatschappij van Veurne Ambacht Door-pannestraat 2 8670 Koksijde Contact Marc Hansen, GSM 0477242886 Zondag 11 september 2016 van 10 tot 12 uur Maandvergadering Sporthal Extra Time, Louisalei 24, 2660 Hoboken – Antwerpen Contact Nathal Severijns, GSM 0478449153 Vrijdag 16 september 2016 van 20 tot 22 uur Bestuursvergadering Clublokaal in het NaLah – Vrieselhof, Schildesteenweg 95, 2520 Oelegem – Ranst Zaterdag 24 september van 09u30 tot 17 uur Combi-excursie Succinea en Slak-in-Du naar het Oostends krekengebied Contact Marc Hansen, GSM 0477242886 Contact Franky Bauwens, GSM 0486871302 Zondag 09 oktober 2016 van 10 tot 12 uur + aanvullend bestuursvergadering Maandvergadering: Jaarlijkse ruilbeurs Sporthal Extra Time, Louisalei 24, 2660 Hoboken – Antwerpen Contact Nathal Severijns, GSM 0478449153

Zaterdag 15 oktober 2016 van 14 tot 17 uur Succinea-excursie naar de beurs van Pont-a-Celles en een omgevingsbemonstering Contact Marc Hansen, GSM 0477242886 Zondag 13 november 2016 van 10 tot 12 uur Maandvergadering Sporthal Extra Time, Louisalei 24, 2660 Hoboken – Antwerpen Contact Nathal Severijns, GSM 0478449153 Vrijdag 18 november 2016 van 20 tot 22 uur Bestuursvergadering Clublokaal in het NaLah – Vrieselhof, Schildesteenweg 95, 2520 Oelegem – Ranst Zaterdag 19 november 2016 van 14 tot 17 uur Succinea determinatievergadering van het excursie-materiaal van 2016 Clublokaal in het NaLah - Vrieselhof, Schildesteenweg 95, 2520 Oelegem – Ranst Contact Marc Hansen, GSM 0477242886 Zaterdag 03 december van 13u45 tot 18 uur Slak-in-Du jaarvergadering met aansluitend etentje Contact Franky Bauwens, GSM 0486871302 Zondag 11 december 2016 van 10 tot 12 uur + aanvullend bestuursvergadering Maandvergadering Sporthal Extra Time, Louisalei 24, 2660 Hoboken – Antwerpen Contact Nathal Severijns, GSM 0478449153 Zaterdag 17 december 2016 van 14 tot 17 uur Succinea determinatievergadering + Kerstfeestje Clublokaal in het NaLah – Vrieselhof, Schildesteenweg 95, 2520 Oelegem – Ranst Contact Marc Hansen, GSM 0477242886

Voor aanvullingen en wijzigingen: check www.konbvc.be De data van de vergaderingen van BVC-Kust vindt u op www.neptunea.org. Deze gaan door in ‘The Square House’, Pr. Stefanieplein 43, 8400 Oostende; in principe op de eerste zondag van de maand (geen vergadering in juli en in augustus op de laatste zondag van de maand) van 9u30 tot 12 uur. Contact Frank Nolf, 059706613

105 Lidgeld 2016

Op het einde van het jaar willen we u attent ma-ken op de mogelijkheid voor het hernieuwen van uw lidmaatschap 2016. Het lidgeld is voor 2016 ongewijzigd gebleven. U vindt hieronder de bedragen:

België: € 35,00 Nederland: € 38,00 anderen: € 45,00

U kunt uw lidmaatschap hernieuwen door beta-ling tijdens de maandvergadering of door storting van het overeenstemmende bedrag op rekening-nummer:

IBAN: BE47 3200 7488 5080 BIC: BBRUBEBB Belg.Ver. voor Conchyliologie VZW Buizegemlei 111, 2650 Edegem, België Het bestuur dankt de leden die hun lidmaatschap reeds vernieuwd hebben. Voor hen telt uiteraard deze herinnering niet!

Enkele sfeerbeelden van een uitgeregende excursie, maar met resultaat!

106 KONINKLIJKE BELGISCHE VERENIGING VOOR CONHCYLIOLOGIE (Kon. B.V.C.) Opgericht onder de naam Gloria Maris in 1961. De statuten van de vzw verschenen in het Belgisch Staatsblad van 29 augustus 1974, onder nr. 5741. De naamverandering in Belgische Vereniging voor Conchyliologie verscheen in het Belgisch Staatsblad van 10 juni 1976, onder nr. 8160. Algemene vergadering op de tweede zondag van elke maand: Extra Time, Louisalei 24, Hoboken (Antwerp) (10-13H). GLORIA MARIS - TIJDSCHRIFT Hoofdredacteur en lay-out: David Monsecour, Dahliastraat 24, 3200 Aarschot. Tel: 016-43.42.56. email: david.monsecour@telenet.be Gloria Maris is een ‘peer-reviewed’ tijdschrift: elke bijdrage wordt door twee (anonieme) onafhankelijken beoordeeld voor publicatie. Artikels kunnen geweigerd worden of voor aanpassingen aan de auteur(s) terugbezorgd op basis van hun oordeel. Nadruk of reproductie van artikels zonder toelating van de beheerraad en de betreffende auteur(s) is verboden. Artikels worden verwacht op het redactieadres en kunnen ook aanvaard worden van niet-leden. Losse nummers kunnen altijd besteld worden. LIDGELDEN 2015 -België: 35.00 euro te storten op rekeningnummer BE47 3200 7488 5080 Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging voor Conchyliologie -Nederland: 38.00 euro te storten aan Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging voor Conchyliologie IBAN: BE47 3200 7488 5080 BIC: BBRUBEBB Vermelding: lidgeld BVC. Lidgelden kunnen ook rechtstreeks betaald worden op de maandelijkse vergadering. Voorzitter: N. Severijns , 03-458.27.82

Buizegemlei 111, 2650 Edegem, n.severijns@scarlet.be

Ondervoorzitter: A. van den Bruele, 31(0)76-5651115 Penningmeester: L.Steppe, 03-219.55.89 Secretaris: M. Hansen, 0477-24 28 86

Markt 3, 2290 Vorselaar, marc.hansen@telenet.be

Hoofdredacteur: D. Monsecour Commissaris: F. Celen, A. Delsaerdt, D. Deboe, M. Overweg Secretariaat internationale schelpenbeurs: C. Krijnen bvc.shellshow@planet.nl

www.konbvc.be

ROYAL BELGIAN SOCIETY FOR CONCHOLOGY Founded in 1961 Secretary: marc.hansen@telenet.be Secretary international Shell Show: bvc.shellshow@planet.nl MEMBERSHIP 2015 Including the editions of Gloria Maris (volume 54); monthly meetings on the second Sunday (10-13 H) in Extra Time, Louisalei 24, Hoboken (Antwerp) Subscriptions: 45,00 euro (other countries than Belgium and the Netherlands.) Royal Belgian Society for Conchology IBAN: BE47 3200 7488 5080 BIC: BBRUBEBB GLORIA MARIS - BULLETIN Redaction and lay-out: David Monsecour, Dahliastraat 24, 3200 Aarschot , Belgium. Tel: (32) 16-43.42.56 email: david.monsecour@telenet.be Gloria Maris is a peer-reviewed magazine: every contribution is reviewed by two (anonymous) independent referees before being accepted for publication. Articles may be refused or sent back to the author for adaptations based upon the judgment of the referees. No part of this edition may be reproduced in any form without permission from the editor and the author(s). Articles should be sent to the redaction.They can be accepted without the membership of the author. Verantwoordelijke uitgever: David Monsecour, Dahliastraat 24, 3200 Aarschot

www.konbvc.be