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Globalizationnationalismandpublicadministration 111023094429-phpapp01
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Reporter: KIMBERLY H. SAKALURAN
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Transcript of Globalizationnationalismandpublicadministration 111023094429-phpapp01
Reporter: KIMBERLY H. SAKALURAN
It is a reality which shapes and directs the lives of people in nearly all countries, whether as active players or objects, and as winners or losers.
Globalization is the process of interlinking the national economy with the world economy.
The extent of the impact of globalization in different countries is determined by its interactions with nationalism
refers to the increasing the unification of the world's economic order through reduction of such barriers to international trade as tariffs, export fees, and import quotas.
The goal is to increase material wealth, goods, and services through an international division of labor by efficiencies catalyzed by international relations, specialization and competition.
It describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through communication, transportation, and trade
is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity.
emphasizes collective identity - a 'people' must be autonomous, united, and express a single national culture. Integral nationalism is a belief that a nation is an organic unit, with a social hierarchy, co-operation between the different social classes and common political goals.
• View globalization as primarily an economic, particularly trade and business phenomenon. In recent times, globalization was accelerated by spectacular advances in science, technology and information.
• Macroeconomic – globalization of markets for commodities and factors seems to be one meaning behind globalization i.e. the convergence of prices. The globalization of markets is a continuation of international trade.
Alburo 1997:6 best describes the different dimensions of globalization as an economic phenomenon
• Firm or Microeconomic Agents – globalization means firm behave differently in terms of suppliers and markets. Different parts of a particular product are produced in different countries and are then assembled in still another country. Suppliers come from one set of countries while financing is generated from still another set of countries. The same goes for markets.
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Microeconomics is the study of decisions that people and businesses make regarding the allocation of resources and prices of goods and services. Microeconomics focuses on supply and demand and other forces that determine the price levels seen in the economy.
Macroeconomics, is the field of economics that studies the behavior of the economy as a whole and not just on specific companies, but entire industries and economies. This looks at economy-wide phenomena, such as Gross National Product (GDP) and how it is affected by changes in unemployment, national income, rate of growth, and price levels.
• Global Firms today are both small and large, and nimble
• Globalization is changes in nature of investment beyond simple equity purchases
• Globalization is change in location of international production
Globalization is change in nature of production process and organization
Globalization is changes in international governance. Globalization involves going beyond legal systems and relying increasingly on private systems of disputes settlements and arbitration.
Globalization at the micro and macroeconomic levels has spurred the transform not only of economic systems but also of political, social and cultural institutions as well
While the process might be described as economic in nature, impacts are wide-ranging.
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International business is aided by a number of international organizations:
World Trade Organization (WTO) The International Monetary
Fund (IMF) World Bank
These international organizations help smooth the way for international business
Globalization it is cursed by civil society as a bane as it brings in its wake jobless growth , social and gender inequality, crass global cultural commercialism and environmental despoliation.
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Globalization process as a challenge to government policymakers. According to them, government should formulate policies which would result in maximum benefits for the country. Choices have to be made among priority concerns. Policy responses to trends in globalization can range from carefully calibrated but complex policy choices to simple and administratively easy policy decisions.
views the Political transformations occurring in the wake of globalization as opportunities for civil society, according to her civil society takes on an increasingly powerful role in development and in influencing policies. Globalization has meant a retreat in the role of the state as market forces and market actors determine the course of growth.
This rearrangement of roles between the market, the state and people gives more space for the civil society to take to organize itself to effectively voice the interests of the people and of the common good. It also gives more responsibility to the civil society to take up the interests of the people whose voices would otherwise be overwhelmed and drowned by the powers of business interests and of the politically powerful.
Emerging Concepts Sarah Timson, Resident Representative of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), views international movements, actions and initiatives on democracy, human right, environmental and social development as part of globalization.
Emerging Concepts
Pro-democracy movements and human rights campaigns have become global concerns. Problems of social development-poverty, unemployment, social disintegration and gender issues are also the subject of worldwide campaigns.
The work of the United Nations Development Program and other United Nations Organizations has contributed much to the globalization. The series of global UN summits on social development, women, population and housing has focused global attention on these concerns. Government have made commitments and set specific targets as their contribution to global solutions.
Economy Political Institutions and Governance Social Institutions and Culture Science and Technology
1. EconomyTrade Liberalization and Structural AdjustmentStructural adjustment accelerated the opening
up of economy to, the winds of globalization. This included trade liberalization, reform in the financial sector, privatization, fiscal and monetary policy measures (particularly reduction of budget deficits and restructuring of the Central Bank) and other globalization friendly economic policies.
Levels of Governance• Global Governance are exemplified by
multilateral institutions like the UN, WB and the IMF whose policies regulate relationships among member countries and bind them to commitments and conditionalities
• National Governance – any political organization that is put in place to maintain control of a nation
• Regional Governance where countries commit themselves to regional organizations which are created for political and trade purposes
Administrative Reforms
The traditional structures of government could not cope with the requirement of accelerated globalization. This is particularly true of governments of developing countries. Hence , there is an inexorable call for administrative reforms. There is a general agreement that governments badly need downsizing and reinventing.
Globalization of Corruption
As expected, one dark side in globalization and governance is corruption. Opening the corridors of government to globalization has laid it wide open to opportunities for venality of unprecedented scale.
The Role of Civi l Society
(Parr 1997:1-2) In the globalizing world of the 21st century, the Civil Society takes on an increasingly powerful role in development and in influencing policies. Globalization has meant a retreat in the role of the state, as market forces determine the course of growth.
The rearrangement of roles, between the market, the state and people gives more space for the civil society to organize itself to effectively voice the interests of the people and of the common good. It also gives more responsibility to the civil society to take up the interest of the people whose voices would otherwise be overwhelmed and drowned by the powers of business interests and of the politically powerful
Dark Side : Social Disintegration Poverty Employment Going Back to Roots and Identity
Social disintegration is occurring daily in today's modern, democratic society through dehumanization and anti-professionalism, along with enforcement of arbitrary decisions on crucial issues made by ill-informed leaders without adequate research or collaborative consultation with those carrying out the work.
• Keeping Abreast• Moral and Philosophical
Questions• Bottom Line for globalization
and Science and Technology• Human Development
Industrial : emergence of worldwide production markets and broader access to a range of foreign products for consumers and companies.Financial : emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to external f inancing for borrowers. Economic: the interconnectedness of these markets, however, meant that an economic collapse in any one given country could not be contained.
Industrial : emergence of worldwide production markets and broader access to a range of foreign products for consumers and companies.Financial : emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to external f inancing for borrowers. Economic: the interconnectedness of these markets, however, meant that an economic collapse in any one given country could not be contained.
Polit ical : some use "globalization" to mean the creation of a world government which regulates the relationships among governmentsInformational : increase in information f lows between geographically remote locations.Ecological : the advent of global environmental challenges that might be solved with international cooperation
Polit ical : some use "globalization" to mean the creation of a world government which regulates the relationships among governmentsInformational : increase in information f lows between geographically remote locations.Ecological : the advent of global environmental challenges that might be solved with international cooperation
Developed nations have outsourcedExploitat ion of labourJob insecuritySophisticated weapons enhancing their abil i ty Bad aspects of foreign culturesTaken overReduced the government’s abil i ty
Developed nations have outsourcedExploitat ion of labourJob insecuritySophisticated weapons enhancing their abil i ty Bad aspects of foreign culturesTaken overReduced the government’s abil i ty
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What is Public Administration at present? How should we now define Public
Administration in a borderless, globalizing world?
Public Administration is not l imited to National Administration. Agreements and commitments crafted at the global and regional levels oftentimes provide the policy framework for national Public AdministrationControversial commitments made during the
APEC Summit are well known examples of global and regional commitment which are translated into national policies
Existing laws and policies need to be overhauled to comply with the requirement of such commitments
In the Agricultural Sector for example it is said that over 100 laws need to be repealed to comply with APEC Commitments
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Brief History about APEC (Asia – Pacific Economic Cooperation)* The idea of APEC was firstly publicly broached by former Prime Minister of Australia, Mr Bob Hawke, during a speech in Seoul, Korea in January 1989. Later that year, 12 Asia-Pacific economies met in Canberra, Australia to establish APEC. The founding members were: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and the United States.
* China, Hong Kong, China and Chinese Taipei joined in 1991. Mexico and Papua New Guinea followed in 1993. Chile acceded in 1994. And in 1998, Peru, Russia and Viet Nam joined, taking the full membership to 21.
•Between 1989 and 1992, APEC met as an informal senior official and Ministerial level dialogue. In 1993, former United States President, Mr Bill Clinton, established the practice of an annual APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting.
Mission of APEC
APEC is the premier Asia-Pacific economic forum. Our primary goal is to support sustainable economic growth and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region.
We are united in our drive to build a dynamic and harmonious Asia-Pacific community by championing free and open trade and investment, promoting and accelerating regional economic integration, encouraging economic and technical cooperation, enhancing human security, and facilitating a favorable and sustainable business environment. Our initiatives turn policy goals into concrete results and agreements into tangible benefits.
The current, immediate past and the next APEC host economy are China, Indonesia, and the Philippines, respectively. The APEC economies that currently contribute, financially or in-kind, to the PSU are: Australia; Chinese Taipei; Indonesia; Japan; Republic of Korea; Malaysia; New Zealand; Singapore; and the United States.The APEC Secretariat Executive Director, PSU Director, and Chairs of the Committee on Trade and Investment (CTI), the Economic Committee (EC) and the Senior Finance Officials' Meeting (SFOM) attend Board meetings in an ex-officio capacity. The Chair of the Board is the Senior Official of the current host economy. The Vice-Chair is a Senior Official from the next host economy.
No less than the Philippine Constitution needs to be amended since many of its provisions are not complementary with requirements of GATT/WTO and APEC.
Philippine membership in GATT/WTO is under obligation to comply with policies, rules and regulations mandated by the WTO
In the area of social development, commitments made during the UNDP summits on social development , Women and Environment are expected to be translated into actual policies, programs and projects
Reestablishing the Locus and Focus of Public Administration. In light of rapid global, regional and national changes, it is time to determine once more the locus and focus of the field of public administration. It Is possible that both are in danger of disappearing under the onslaught of globalization
Clarifying Concepts on the Role of the State, the Private Sector and Civil Society
Reviewing Theories of the Bureaucracy
Socioeconomic Transformation Governance Decentralization - in the
administrative sense can facilitate implementation of global
governance at the local level.
Aquino 1:ave. 3.9% Ramos:
ave. 3.8% Estrada:ave. 2.4%
Arroyo:ave. 4.5%
Aquino 2:7.3%
Source: IBON estimates on NSCB data
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