Globalization, Settlement and Post -Settlement of Older ...€¦ · Globalization, Settlement and...
Transcript of Globalization, Settlement and Post -Settlement of Older ...€¦ · Globalization, Settlement and...
Globalization, Globalization, SSettlement ettlement and and PostPost--Settlement Settlement
of Older and of Older and Emerging Emerging
PortuguesePortuguese--Speaking Speaking
CommunitiesCommunities
11th International Metropolis Conference11th International Metropolis Conference
Paths & Crossroads:Paths & Crossroads:
Moving People, Changing PlacesMoving People, Changing Places
22--6 October 2006 6 October 2006
LisboaLisboa, Portugal, Portugal
PresentersPresenters� Fernando Nunes
� Assistant Professor, Department of Child and Youth Study
� Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
� Debbie Pacheco
� Project Manager, Viva Health
� Portuguese-Canadian National Congress, Toronto
� Cristina Santos
� Clinical Director
� Abrigo Centre, Toronto
� Cidalia Pereira
� Past President
� Portuguese Interagency Network, Toronto
� Ilda Januario
� Senior Research Officer
� Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto
� Diane Cohen Reis
� Master’s Candidate, University of Ottawa
PurposePurpose
� Discuss the effects of modern-day globalized
patterns of migration on the settlement patterns, social service provision and
government policy, affecting older and
recently-emerging immigrant Lusophone
communities
Factors Accompanying Factors Accompanying Globalization Globalization
(2nd Half of 20th Century)(2nd Half of 20th Century)
� End of direct colonial control
� Termination of the cold war
� Beginning of more liberalized and diverse economic
trade
� Increase in education levels in many developing
nations
� Influence of new communication technologies
� Encroachment of neoconservative forms of
conceptualizing settlement services (end of century)
Immigration to Canada Historical Persective (1860-2002)
�Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada “Facts and Figures 2002 Immigration Overview, retrieved Sept. 29,2006 from http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/pub/facts2002/immigration/immigratihttp://www.cic.gc.ca/english/pub/facts2002/immigration/immigration_1.htmlon_1.html
Proportion of immigrants born in Europe and Proportion of immigrants born in Europe and Asia by period of immigration, Canada, to 2001Asia by period of immigration, Canada, to 2001
Source: Statistics Canada, Census data
Visible Minorities in Canada Visible Minorities in Canada 19811981--20012001
Visible Minority Groups in CanadaVisible Minority Groups in Canada19911991-- 20012001
Top Ten Ethnic Groups in Canada Top Ten Ethnic Groups in Canada 20012001
3.43.41,000,8901,000,890North American IndianNorth American Indian
3.63.61,071,0551,071,055UkrainianUkrainian
3.73.71,094,7001,094,700ChineseChinese
4.34.31,270,3691,270,369ItalianItalian
9.39.32,742,7652,742,765GermanGerman
12.912.93,822,6603,822,660IrishIrish
14.014.04,157,2154,157,215ScottishScottish
15.815.84,668,4104,668,410FrenchFrench
20.220.25,978,8755,978,875EnglishEnglish
39.439.411,682,68011,682,680CanadianCanadian
100.0100.029,639,030 29,639,030 Total populationTotal population
%%NumberNumber
20012001
Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada. (2006). 2005 Immigration Overview. The Monitor, Issue 2.
Downloaded from: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/monitor/issue13/05-overview.html. Sept. 29, 2006.
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Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada. (2006). 2005 Immigration Overview. The
Monitor, Issue 2. Downloaded from: http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/monitor/issue13/05-
overview.html. Sept. 29, 2006.
Influences of Globalization on Influences of Globalization on immigrationimmigration
�� Ease of communication and travel promotes Ease of communication and travel promotes maintenance of linkages to homelandmaintenance of linkages to homeland
�� Lessens Lessens ““culture shockculture shock””
�� Promotes responsibility of governments in Promotes responsibility of governments in country of origincountry of origin
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Ship Ship ““SaturniaSaturnia””First official Boatload of Portuguese ImmigrantsFirst official Boatload of Portuguese Immigrants
Portuguese and Portuguese and Lusophone Lusophone Immigrants Immigrants
963,325963,325867,355867,3551,830,6801,830,6801,041,4951,041,495936,275936,275745,565745,565894,465894,4655,448,4805,448,4805,647,1255,647,125Total with Total with
POB dataPOB data
1010101015150000000020202020Sao Tome & Sao Tome &
PrincipePrincipe
656511511518518525525538038030301010865865890890MozambiqueMozambique
001010101010101010000025255050Guinea Guinea
BissauBissau
101000151510101515000040404040East TimorEast Timor
15151001001151159595110110101000320320325325Cape VerdeCape Verde
3,3703,3702,6302,6305,9955,9952,3452,3451,7651,7651,0901,09050050011,70011,70013,45513,455BrazilBrazil
425425245245670670450450615615404010101,7851,7852,4702,470AngolaAngola
2,8752,8757,9057,90510,78510,78531,99031,99055,40055,40044,59044,59010,77510,775153,535153,535155,770155,770PortugalPortugal
9696--01019191--95959191--01018181--90907171--80806161--7070Before 61Before 61Immigrant Immigrant
PopulationPopulation
Total Total
Immigrant Immigrant
& Non& Non--
Permanent Permanent
Resident, Resident,
20012001
CanadaCanada
2001 Canadian Census, Immigration Population and Period of Immigration
Issues to Consider Issues to Consider LusoLuso--CanadiansCanadians
�� High percentages of PortugueseHigh percentages of Portuguese--Canadian Canadian youth are dropping outyouth are dropping out�� Are integrating into an underclass in Canada, Are integrating into an underclass in Canada,
U.S. and BritainU.S. and Britain
�� Community continues to use settlement Community continues to use settlement services, into 2nd and 3rd generationsservices, into 2nd and 3rd generations
�� Community has a negligible and often Community has a negligible and often disparaged profile in Canadian societydisparaged profile in Canadian society
Commonalities amongst Commonalities amongst LusophonesLusophones
�� LanguageLanguage
�� Common cultural traditions, ex. Common cultural traditions, ex. CarnavalCarnaval
�� Emphasis on the familyEmphasis on the family
�� Similar religious background Similar religious background �� Moderated, in some cases, by other beliefsModerated, in some cases, by other beliefs
�� Intertwined historical linkages Intertwined historical linkages
Differences Amongst Differences Amongst LusophonesLusophones
�� VisibleVisible vsvs. invisible minority status. invisible minority status�� Education levelsEducation levels�� Immigration statusImmigration status�� Occupational categoriesOccupational categories�� Rural Rural vsvs. urban origins. urban origins�� Racial heterogeneity Racial heterogeneity vsvs. homogeneity. homogeneity�� Refugee originsRefugee origins�� Separation from extended familySeparation from extended family�� Differing interpretations of historical eventsDiffering interpretations of historical events
IssuesIssuesNonNon--Portuguese Portuguese LusophonesLusophones
�� Many live within the PortugueseMany live within the Portuguese--Canadian Canadian communitycommunity
�� Are served by its institutionsAre served by its institutions
�� Encounter racism from both PortugueseEncounter racism from both Portuguese--Canadian, as well as mainstream Canadian, as well as mainstream communitiescommunities
Questions to RaiseQuestions to Raise
�� What is integration?What is integration?�� How do we measure it?How do we measure it?
�� Does a common language imply ease of service Does a common language imply ease of service from settlement services?from settlement services?
�� Should the Portuguese be considered visible or Should the Portuguese be considered visible or invisible minorities?invisible minorities?
�� What is the criteria upon which the designated What is the criteria upon which the designated groups of the Canadian governmentgroups of the Canadian government’’s employment s employment equity policy are determined?equity policy are determined?
Brief on Undocumented WorkersBrief on Undocumented WorkersPortuguesePortuguese--Canadian National CongressCanadian National Congress
CROSS-CANADA HEARINGS
ON CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION
UNDOCUMENTED WORKERS Š AN ISSUE OF PARTICULARRELEVANCE TO CANADIAN RESIDENTS OF PORTUGUESE ORIGIN
Orlando da Silva Santos B.A. LL.B. M.B.A.
MADE IN CANADA Š DEPORTATION OF NON-CITIZENS
Katherine da Motta Ponte
Barrister and Solicitor
Marshall E. Drukarsh
Barrister and Solicitor
Certified by the Law Society of Upper Canada
as a Specialist in Citizenship and Immigration Law
PORTUGUESE CANADIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
Toronto, March 30, 2005
PortuguesePortuguese--Canadian Canadian National National Congress Congress Working Paper on Working Paper on DeporteesDeportees
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