Globalization L7

7/29/2019 Globalization L7

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SOCI A 327F

Globalization and Social Life


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The concept of globalism

The advocacy of Anti-globalization

movements


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Globalism and globalization

The ideological dimension of globalization

The nature and functions of ideology

Globalism is much advocated in certainpowerful globalizing organizations and media

The ideological claims of globalism


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Globalization: the social processes of the

intensification of transplanetary relationship

Globalism: an ideology that endows the

concept of globalization with neoliberal

values and meanings (Steger 2003: 94)


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Globalism as an ideology that supporting the

unfolding of globalization process

Globalism is advocated by the powerful

groups that are benefited by the current

patterns of globalization processes


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Nature An ideology can be defined as a system of widely

shared ideas, patterned beliefs, guiding norms

an va ues, an ea s accep e as ru y aparticular group of people.

In doing so, they help organize the tremendous

complexity of human experience into fairly simple,but frequently distorted, images that serve as

guide and compass for social and political action.


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Functions These simplified and distorted ideas are often

employed to legitimize certain political interests

or o e en om nan power s ruc ures. Seeking to imbue society with their preferred

norms and values, ideologists present the public

with a circumscribed agenda of things to discuss,claims to make, and questions to ask.


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Functions They speak to their audience in stories and

narratives that persuade, praise, condemn,

s ngu s ru s rom a se oo s , anseparate the 'good' from the "bad'.

ideology connects theory and practice by

orienting and organizing human action inaccordance with generalized claims and codes of

conduct. (Steger 2003: 93)


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Economic arena:

leaders of MNCs like BillGates of Microsoft

: ,IMF

Mass media: Business

Week, The Economist,The Forbes, Wall StreetJournal, Financial Times


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Globalization is about the liberalization andglobal integration of markets

An authoritative account of globalization

The close association between liberalization andglobalization

Liberalization and integration of global market as

a natural phenomenon The active role of government in promoting

liberalization policy


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Globalization is about the triumph ofmarkets over governments. Both

proponents and opponents of globalization

agree that the driving orce today ismarkets, which are suborning the role of

government.

Business Week, 13 December 1999


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One role [of government] is to get out ofthe way - to remove barriers to the free

flow of goods, services, and capital.

Joan Spiro, former US Under-Secretary of

State in the Clinton administration


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Globalization is inevitable and irreversible Treating globalization as a natural phenomenon,

happening in the physical world

Convincing the public and the politicians to liveunder and accept the burdens of this natural

phenomenon

An evolutionary perspective on socialdevelopment, treating the Anglo-American model

of development as the paradigm


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Today we must embrace the inexorable

logic of globalization - that everything from

the strength of our economy to the safety

o our cities, to the health o our people,depends on events not only within our

borders, but half a world away.. .

Globalization is irreversible.

Bill Clinton, former US President


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Globalization is inevitable and inexorable

and it is accelerating . . . Globalization is

happening, it's going to happen. It does not

matter whether you like it or not, it'shappening, its going to happen.

Frederick W. Smith, Chairman and CEO ofFedEx Corporation


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Nobody is in charge of globalization The operation of the global market follows the

economic law. It is not controlled by the intention ofany kind of people.

Treating globalization as a natural evolution concealsthe fact that some groups of people have far greaterpower in determining the operation of theglobalization process and are advancing their

interests within this process The transnational capitalist class aims to depoliticize

the imbalance of power in globalization


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Many on the Left dislike the global

marketplace because it epitomizes what

they dislike about markets in general: the

act that nobody is in charge. The truth isthat the invisible hand rules most domestic

markets, too, a reality that most Americans

seem to accept as a fact of life.

Paul Krugman, US economist


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The great beauty of globalization is that no

one is in control. The great beauty of

globalization is that it is not controlled by

any individual, any government, anyinstitution.

Robert Hormats, Vice Chairman of GoldmanSachs International


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Globalization benefits everyone

It is a crucial claim to justify the continuous

support to globalization

Globalists ignore the economic disparitiesbetween the rich and the poor, attributing these

disparities as the problem of episodic dislocation.These irregularities will be fixed by the market

itself.


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There can be little doubt that the

extraordinary changes in global finance on

balance have been beneficial in facilitating

signi icant improvements in economicstructures and living standards throughout

the world . . .

Alan Greenspan, Chairman of the US Federal

Reserve Board


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We are at an optimistic time in our world: the

barriers between nations are down, economicliberalism is decidedly afoot and proven to besound trade and investment are soarin

income disparities between nations arenarrowing, and wealth generation is at recordhigh levels, and I believe likely to remain so.

George David, CEO of United TechnologiesCorporation


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Globalization furthers the spread of democracy

in the world Globalists claim that free market is associated with

democrac . The breakdown of the Soviet bloc and the

introduction of democracy in the countries inside is asolid evidence to support this claim.

This understanding equates democracy with voting,neglecting the democratic participation of commonpeople in the decision-making process.

The developing countries with dictatorships actuallyachieved more trade in the global market.


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The emergence of new businesses and

shopping centers in former communist

countries should be seen as the backbone

o democracy.

Hillary Rodham Clinton, US Senator fromNew York


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The level of economic development

resulting from globalization is conducive to

the creation of complex civil societies with

a power ul middle class. It is this class andsocietal structure that facilitates

democracy.

Francis Fukuyama, Johns Hopkins University


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The advocacy of

the Anti-globalization movements


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Social movements challenging the existing

neoliberalist globalization

A collection o numerous movementspursuing a wide range of goals with different

means


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Two approaches to anti-globalization

movements

Particularist protectionist

Universal protectionist


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Against the threats of globalization to a

particular nation and culture in economic,

political and cultural arena

Against the dominant cultural values of

western, especially, American origins


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denounce free trade, the power of global

investors, the neoliberal agenda of

multinational corporations, and the

Americanization o the world as practicesthat have contributed to falling living

standards and/or moral decline.


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Targeting on the globalization loser in ones

own country, including include industrial

workers, small business owners, and small

armers

more concerned with the well-being of their

own citizens than with the construction of amore equitable international order based on

global solidarity.


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E.g. nationalist movements, such as Patrick

Buchanan and his Reform Party in USA, Jean-

Marie Le Pen's French National Front and

President Hugo Chavez's Venezuelan


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point to the possibility of constructing a new

international order based on a global redistribution ofwealth and power.

between the global North and South

include a growing number of non-governmentalorganizations and transnational networks concerned

with the protection of the environment, fair trade andinternational labour issues, human rights, andwomens issues.


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Calling for a 'globalization from below'

favouring the marginalized and poor, theyseek to protect ordinary people all over the

'

above'.

E.g. the consumer advocate Ralph Nader in

USA, Green party in Germany, HaitianPresident Jean-Bertrand Aristide's poorpeople's movement.


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Mass movements J18 on June 18, 1999: Labor, human and

environmental groups gathered in Londonchallenged the G8 Economic Summit held in

,


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40,000 - 50,000 people from differentcountries participated in an anti-WTO

protests in Seattle Alliance of different social movements

groups, ranging from universalprotectionist groups like human right

, ,

environmentalists, animal right activists,feminists, Particularist protectionists also

participated in the protest Different strategies like violent acts and

peaceful sit-in were adopted Internet and mobile phones were the

major means of communications formobilizing the participants


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World Trade

OrganizationMinisterial Conference

7,000-10,000

protestor from

different countries,notably South Korea


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9/11 attack by bin Laden


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The diversity of the movements and the difficulties in

constituting a single movement. Anti-globalization movements as an umbrella term for a

wide range of movements

Anti-globalization as purely oppositional movementsand lacks of a positive agenda. Different movements have different concrete tasks and

goals, but these tasks and goals are often contradictory For example, while the INGOs are concerned about the

fair trade, the right-ring activists argue for the subsidies ofnative production sectors


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Anti-globalizations are outside mainstream

politics and thus have limited effectiveness


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Globalism as the dominant discourse on

globalization advocated by powerful agents inglobalization

Anti-globalizations movements as an alternative

to the current form of globalization


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The major contribution of anti-globalization

movements is cultural in nature, alerting peopleabout the problem of neoliberal globalization and

.

The quest for real social change lies in the arena of

politics, with the goal of alternative policies in

different countries.


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Martell, Luke.2010. The Sociology of Globalization. Cambridge. Malden:Polity.

Scholte, Jan Aart. 2005. Globalization: a Critical Introduction. Basingstoke:Palgrave Macmillan.

Steger, Manfred B. 2003. Globalization: a Very Short Introduction. Oxford :Oxford University Press.

Globalization L7

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