Globalization and media framing

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Their Relationship with the Western World Impacts of Westernization and Media Framing on the Quechua People by Alonso Abugattas

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Transcript of Globalization and media framing

Page 1: Globalization and media framing

Their Relationship with the Western World

Impacts of Westernization and Media Framing on the Quechua People

by Alonso Abugattas

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Westernization

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Etic Approach• What westernization does with the Quechua

according to their…– Socio-political structure?– Social subsistence methods?– Religious beliefs?– Education system?• Language?

– Social relationships? (kinship, gender…).

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Effects in Quechua Socio-Political Structure

• Assimilation of Western model of political administration.– Assignation of communal

mayors.• Ayllu representative

(imitiating curaca role).

– Insertion in regional governments.

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Effects in Social Subsistence Methods• Traditional:

– Self subsistence economical production (Kalman, 1994).• Kinship-based.

– Families.

• Use of traditional techniques.– Pastoralism– Horticulture

– Reciprocity:• Exchange of goods (Parker,1997)• Flowed between generalized and balanced.• Also kinship based

– Generalized: Intrafamiliar.– Balanced: Interfamiliar.

• Changes:– Assimilation of Western economic models:

• Use of nation-state currency.• Exportation of goods product of pastoralism and horticulture.

– Insertion in nation-state capitalist market.

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Effects in Quechua’s Religious Beliefs

• Given by historical reasons:– Repression of Andean beliefs by Spaniards.– Migration from villages to cities (Cumbira University, 2007). – Decentralization of religion.

• Pre-Columbian-Catholic syncretism (Advameg, 2007).– Assimilation of Catholic beliefs and moral principles.

• Hanan Pacha/Ukhu Pacha (Heaven and Hell).• Apu/Catholic saint syncretism.

– Syncretism of traditional forms of celebration with and Catholic holidays.• Carnavales (patronal festivals).• Takanakuy: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKjSyZhIIiw (Morton, 2012).

– Preservation of Andean beliefs from pre-Columbian eras.• Dualism.• Division of the World (Pachas).• Ceremonies.

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Effects in Education

• Key component: Quechua Language.– Loss of Quechua-speaking people (Safley, 2011).• Only 19, 25 and 23% of total population speak Quechua

in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia respectively (Cerron-Palomino, 1987).

– Quechua-Spanish cross-linguistic influence (Manley, 2012).• Creation of Spanish jargon by insertion of Quechua

words.– Pucho, Chomba, Concho.

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Effects in Education

• Assimilation of Western models of formal education.– Dependency on public schools.– Aim towards seeking superior education in public

universities in cities.• Centralization of education.

– Enculturation of Spanish by formal educational system.• Quechua language enculturation by families.

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Effects in Social Relationships

• Gender– Workforce balance.

• Migration due to economical and educational centralization.

– Decrease in feminine subordination• Primary authoritarian figure for children in family.

• Kinship– Family

• Predominance of patrilineal descent.• Incorporation of surname of women in their offspring.

– Marriage, Sex, Love• Acculturation of Western ideals of romantic love.• Dependence on religious ideals.• “Madonna-whore” complex incorporation.

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Media Framing

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• Pejorative framing of Quechua people.– Clash of interests with transnational corporations.

• Seemed as “retrograde” people.• “Go against the progress of the nation state”

– Conga case in Cajamarca, Peru.

• Conflictive.

– Depicted as submissive, compliant people.• Due to compliance of Inca forefathers to Spaniard control.

• Beneficial framing from tourist media. (Erkenbrack, 2011).– “People rich in culture”.– “Hospitable people”.– Rather seen as victims of nation-state conflicts than

perpetrators.• Peruvian Civil War 1980’s.

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References• Jermyn, Leslie

Peru

Milwaukee, Wisc.: Gareth Stevens, 1998.• Prayer. SIM

Go Serve. 2013http://www.sim.org/index.php/content/quechua (accessed

March 9, 2013).• Kalman, Bobbie

Peru: The People and CultureNew York: Crabtree Publishing Company, 1994.

• Parker, Edward. Peru

Austin, Tex.: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1997.

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References• Safley, Mike

«The Quechua People: An Abandoned Race.» Northwest Alpacas. 2011 http://www.alpacas.com/AlpacaLibrary/QuechuaAbandonedRace.as px (accessed March 11, 2013).• Advameg, Inc.

Countries and Their Cultures: Quechua. February 4, 2007. http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Norway-to-Russia/Quechua.html (accessed March 11, 2013).• Cumbria University

The Religion of the Quechua. January 23, 2013. http://www.philtar.ac.uk/encyclopedia/latam/quech.html (accessed March 11, 2013).• . Performed by Thomas Morton

Fist Fighting on Christmas: A Peruvian Tradition.Directed by Vice.2012.

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References• Cerrón-Palomino, Rodolfo

(1987) Lingüística Quechua Cuzco, Peru: Centro Bartolomé de las Casas.

• Manley, Marilyn SCross-Linguistic Influence of the Cuzco Quechua Epistemic System on Andean Spanish

Electronic essay, Rowan: Rowan University, 2012.

• Erkenbrack, ElizabethThe Mobilization of Quechua as an Ethnocommodity

Electronic essay, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2011.