Globalization and Islam Arifah Raja Falency Aeri LEE.

Globalization and Islam

Arifah Raja FalencyAeri LEE

Contents

1. Islam in General2. Religion and Globalization3. Islam and Globalization4. Positive outcome of Globalization5. Negative outcome of Globalization6. Islam and Globalization in Middle East7. Islam and Globalization in South East Asia8. Conclusion9. Discussion

1. Islam in General• Islam is the religion, the belief.• While Muslim is people who

follow or belief Islam as their religion.

• Who is Allah? Allah is One (and only), Unique, Incomparable God.

• What about Muhammad SAW? Muhammad SAW is one and the last prophet that Allah sent to humanity.

• And Al-Quran? Al-Quran is the Holy book as a guidance for Muslim daily life.

Islam Fundamental and Ideology (1)

Five Pillars of IslamThis is five primary obligation that Muslim must fulfill in their life time:• Shahadah (Profession of faith)

"There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of God." • Salah (Daily Prayers)

The world's Muslims turn individually and collectively to Makkah, Islam's holiest city, to offer five daily prayers at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and evening. In addition, Friday congregational service is also required (for male).

• Zakat (Almsgiving)Social responsibility is considered part of one's service to God; the obligatory act of zakat enshrines this duty. Zakat prescribes payment of fixed proportions of a Muslim's possessions for the welfare of the entire community and in particular for its neediest members


• Sawm (Fasting during the Holy Month of Ramadhan)Ordained in the Holy Qur'an, the fast is an act of deep personal worship in which Muslims seek a richer perception of God. Fasting is also an exercise in self-control whereby one's sensitivity is heightened to the sufferings of the poor.

• Hajj (Pilgrimage to Makkah)The Hajj is a remarkable spiritual gathering of over two million Muslims from all over the world to the holy city. In performing the Hajj, a pilgrim follows the order of ritual that the Prophet Muhammad performed during his last pilgrimage.


Six Basic Islamic Belief:• Belief in God• Belief in Angels• Belief in God’s Revealed

Books (Al-Quran)• Belief in the Prophets and

Messengers of God• Belief in the Day of

Judgment• Belief in Al-Qadar (Divine

Predestination)

Islam and ChristianChristian Islam

Nature of God Trinity Unity - Allah

Identity of Jesus Son of God, God incarnate, savior of the world

True prophet of God, whose message has been

corruptedDeath of Jesus Death by crucifixion Did not die, but ascended

bodily into heaven (a disciple died in his place)

House of worship Church, chapel, cathedral, basilica, meeting hall

Mosque

Sacred Text Bible = Old Testament (Jewish Bible) + New

Testament

Qur’an

Summaries of doctrine Apostle’s Creed, Nicene Creed

Six Articles of Faith

2. Religion and Globalization

∙ Globalization is an umbrella term that refers to increasing global connectivity, integration and interdependecne in the economic, social, technological, cultural, political and ecological spheres. ∙ And the phenomenon of globalization has given influence on

religion.

Two views about Religion and Globalization

1. Globalization flatterns out cultural differences and erode local customs and belief. also it spread a secular, capitalist way to religion. The relationship between religion and globalization isantagonistic—one of struggle and conflict

2. Religion and globalization can be seen as partners in historical change. In times past, religion has been a carrier of globalizing tendencies in the world. The history of Christianity, of course, can be understood in part as an early effort to create a global network of believers. Its extraordinary growth and influence as a world religion was a result of a link between its own global ambitions and the expansion of various political and economic regimes.

3.Globalization of Islam

• Muslim societies have been deeply affected by globalization.

• The impact of globalization on the Muslim world has complexity as a phenomenon that goes beyond the internationalization of capital and information technologies.

• The lives of their peoples have been changed, as have their thought patterns, and sense of creative expression.

3.Globalization of Islam• Globalization also involves cultural and moral

values and has had particular impact on taste.

4.Positive outcomes of Globalization

∙ For decades now, Muslim countries have struggled with appreciating the value of scientific and technological research, and in many cases, have become blind consumers of western technology.

∙ They have failed to develop scientific and technological capacity and infrastructures which has in turn resulted in weak agricultural and industrial capabilities.

∙ Globalization has given many Muslim populations access to greater knowledge and increased communication.


Global culture tended to homogenize societies along the lines of a Western model that did not always sit easily with local cultures.

Economic reform was designed to engage with foreign capital and global markets; apart from the direct impact on economic life, liberalization opened societies to the culture of the market as well as the individualism and consumerism that went with it.


Malaysia, for instance, has benefited enormously from one particular aspect of globalization, namely, trade, the interwoven international financial networks proved disastrous to the Indonesian economy during the 1997–1998 Asian financial crisis.


• Most Muslim people think international trade is also good for their own standard of living.

• The Islamic banking system has joined world’s financial structures without fear of the prohibition of the interest fee by Islam.

• As of 1997, Islamic finance growth rate grows by 15 percent a year, which significantly exceeds the world GNP growth rate even with inflation rate considered.

5.Negative outcomes of Globalization

• The globalization of communication technologies, for its part, is exerting tremendous impact across the Muslim world, particularly on youth.

• Globalization is considered to be a “fig leaf” that covers up the desire of ruling circles of the US and other Western countries to force such a world order upon the whole humanity.


• Many Muslims are especially indignant at the “macdonaldization” and “cocacolonization” of culture, that destroys old traditions.

• Local products have to imitate international ones to survive.

• American influence and big business have brought US-style planning and architecture to the Gulf countries


• Traditional architecture, oriental bazaars, and coffee houses have disappeared, their place taken by shopping malls, fast food restaurants, and hotels.

• Even Makkah, the sacred city of Islam, could not avoid this fate.

• Economic reform was liable to destabilize local economies as markets were liberalized, industries were privatized, state spending was cut, and currencies floated.

Islam World and Globalization in Middle East and Southeast Asia (Mainly

Indonesia)

6. Islam and Globalization in Middle East

Islamic Middle East’s rejection of globalization1. The lack of previous cultural penetration of the Islamic

Middle East by Western culture, ideas and institutions2. The very size and cohesion of an Islamic community builds a

religious, and hence cultural, wall against many aspects of globalization.

3. Still another problem is the nature of the political systems in Iran and every Arab state.

4. Muslim fundamentalism has turned the Middle East into a region which is most successfully - and most tragically - opposed to the effects of globalization.

Terrorism

Terrorism is represent the nostalgia (pre-modern civilization) and has been the result of a clash between modernization and tradition.

Terrorism is the product of the wrong interpretation of Islamic principals and fundamentals and terrorist use it to fight against the globalization.

Al Qaeda dreams of imposing a radical Islam on the world, taking over and destroying Western infidel culture, McDonald’s wants to destroy local and traditional eating habits and cuisine and replace them with a globalized and universalized menu.

7. Islam and Globalization in South East Asia

• History of Islam in South East Asia Islam get into South East Asia through trade

Indian Ocean became the centre of a new trade network, dominated by Muslim traders South East Asian island acquired a prominent position within this new “global system”

But international trade network was not the only factor in Islamization of South-East Asia.According to Jacobus Cornelius van Leur:A particular combination of commercial and political factors coincided to bring about the Islamization of South-East Asia.

South East Asia Islam

General DiscourseTwo difference tendencies of Muslim community in South-East Asia towards globalization:The first is composed of those who, partly in reaction of colonial and later contentions to the contrary, tend to stress the “purity” of their religion.In the other hand, some in Muslim community tends to emphasize the particular character of South-East Asian Islam (associated with national pride).

EducationThe nature and development of Muslim education in the region offers specific evidence concerning the impact of globalization and the attitude of the Muslim population towards it.

LiteratureSouth-East Asia has also been participating in the circulation of numerous religious works, but the number of foreign works on Islamic sciences increased because of the wake of the improvement of transport between the Middle East and South-East Asia and the establishment of various printing firms.

Solidarity MovementsThe large movements showing solidarity with groups of Muslims who are victims of oppression elsewhere in the world form another aspects of globalization, and, from a certain point of view, of polarization at a global level.

Inter-Religious RelationsSouth-East Asia in general and in Indonesia in particular was known for the relative good relations which were maintained between the various religious communities.

Islam in Indonesia

The spread of Islam was increase dramatically after the failure of Partai Komunis Indonesia (Indonesian Communism Parties) in Indonesia in 1965.

The impact of economic development to Muslim in Indonesia Islam in Indonesia has become more satirized and

more urbanized, indeed more cosmopolitan.

• Mainstream MovementsIndonesian Muslims, by and large, now employ a socio-cultural rather than a political approach to the development of Islamic life.

• Global Splinter Muslim MovementsSince 1980s Indonesia has seen the rise of some unprecedented movements. One important factor behind this is the spread of new Islamic literature in Indonesia. The publication of translated works has stimulated the rise of a new bread of Muslim movements in Indonesia such as Shi’ism, Jama’ah Tabligh, Darul Arqam, and Hizb al-Tahrir. In the rise of new Muslim movements in Indonesia, cultural exchanges between Indonesian Muslims both at home and abroad also play a significant role.

Conclusion

• Islam is not against globalization, Islam support the globalization phenomenon but still have a strong grip to Islamic fundamental rules.

• The way of Muslims react to globalization are different in every places. For example in Middle East and Southeast Asia.

• Islam is not anti-globalization, but Muslim do have a problem with Westernization.

• Example of Muslim in Indonesia accept the globalization (The way they dress)

How Indonesian Muslim Woman Dress

In the past, Indonesian Muslim woman way of dress are:• Not fashionable• Not colorful• Conventional• Look dull and old

This is because of woman wants to be comfortable while using it. Also the Internet is not hit Indonesia until the middle of 1990s.

• But nowadays, because of the technology and globalization, Muslim woman can get the information about the current fashion in the world. The trend of how Muslim woman dress is changing in the young generation.

• This phenomenon encourage more and more Muslim woman in Indonesia to wear Hijab because it can be fashionable too.

• The role of Internet and Social Media took a very huge part of this change.

• Now, Muslim woman can wear a fashionable clothes but still covering their “aurat” and keep take a grip to Islamic fundamentals.

In the past Nowadays

Discussion

• In your opinion, what is the relationship between Islam, Globalization, and Terrorism?

• In globalization, how could Muslim preserve their unique Culture and belief?

Globalization and Islam Arifah Raja Falency Aeri LEE.

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