Globalization and culture: A sociological - Trent University
Globalization and Culture
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Transcript of Globalization and Culture
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Globalization and Culture
In a globalized world, connections are many and simple answers few
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Globalization A force or process that are increasing
interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country borders
A force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide
The scale of the world is shrinking Not literally but in the ability of a person,
object, or idea to interact in other portions of the globe
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Transnational Corporations Sometimes called Multinational
Corporations Conduct research, operates factories,
sell products in many countries Business and economy are major
components of Globalization Media, internet, and economy are major
methods leading to the interconnectedness of world
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GLOBALIZATION Transnational (multinational) Companies
They invest in foreign operations, central corporate facility, conduct research + development, operate factories & market products
- not just where their headquarters + primary shareholders exist
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McDonald’s world locations map
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Globalization Struggle between global forces versus
individualism of locations and regions High-tech communications and global
marketing of standardized products seem if they might wash away distinctiveness of people and places
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Globalization Thus far regionalism
still remain strong Globalization variously
embraced, resisted, subverted, and exploited as it makes contact with specific cultures and settings.
As a result places are modified or reconstructed rather than destroyed or homogenized
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Culture Culture refers not only to the music,
literature, and arts of a society but also to all the other features of its way of life: mode of dress; routine living habits; food preferences; architecture of houses and public buildings; layout of fields and farms; and system of education, government, and law
Includes non-tangibles like lifestyles or values or beliefs
Culture is not Genetically Predetermined
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Culture Cultural Trait
Identify a single attribute of a culture Cultural Hearth
Is an area where cultural traits develop and from which the cultural traits diffuse
Example could be the location where Islam began
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HEARTH
* The source area of any innovation. The source area from which an idea, crop, artifact, or good is diffused to other areas.
Cultural Hearth
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Diffusion The process of dissemination, the spread
of an idea or innovation from its hearth or source to other places
Whether diffusion of a cultural trait occurs depends, in part, on time and distance from the hearth Time-distance decay
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Diffusion “process by which molecules travel
from a higher concentration to a lower concentration”
TYPES OF DIFFUSION Expansion Diffusion – idea or innovation
spreads outward from the hearth• Contagious – spreads adjacently + rapidly• Hierarchical – spreads to most linked people or
places first.• Stimulus – idea promote a local experiment or
change in the way people do things.* Relocation Diffusion – spread of an idea
through physical movement of people from one place to another
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http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/bhutan/
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Expansion Diffusion •Contagious
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Expansion DiffusionHierarchical - a phenomenon spreads as a result of a group, usually the social elite, spreading ideas or patterns in a society
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Crocs Sold first in 2002 and 2003 at
boat shows Crocs diffused from boater to
gardeners Contagious diffusion lead to
the spread of the crocs to the rest of the public
In 2007 had revenues in excess of $800 million
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Stimulus Diffusion
Because Hindus believe cows are holy, cows often roam the streets in villages and towns. The McDonalds restaurants in India feature veggie burgers.
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Relocation DiffusionThe physical spread of these people or their
movement from one place to another
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Spatial Interaction Study of how places are connected to
each other Distribution is often discussed when
discussing spatial interaction Density, Concentration, and pattern are the
three aspects of distribution
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Spatial distributionWhat processes create and sustain the pattern of a
distribution?
Map of Cholera Victims in London’s Soho
District in 1854.
The patterns of victim’s homes and water pump locations helped uncover the source of the disease.
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Density How often an object occurs within a
given area or space Often in terms of arithmetic density which
is number divided by amount of land
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DistributionDensity, Concentration, & Pattern
Fig. 1-18: The density, concentration, and pattern (of houses in this example) may vary in an area or landscape.
SPACE:
•DISTRIBUTION:•DENSITY - arithmetic density – how?
•CONCENTRATION - clustered - dispersed •PATTERN
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Concentration This is asking the question of proximity
of a particular phenomenon over the area in which it is spread
Clustered or agglomerated - items are close to each other
Dispersed or scattered – items are spread out
Different from density in that density is quantity while concentration is are they near or far from each other
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Pattern Analysis: Density vs. Dispersion
Which square mile has the higher density, (a) or (b)?
Which square is more dispersed, (a) or (b)?
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Pattern How are the objects organized in their
space Linear in a single line Centralized clustered together near or
around something Random lacking any for seen patern
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Various Pattern Arrangements
What phenomena could explain the patterns shown in
A, B, and C?