Globalism assumptions

• It is necessary to understand the global context within which states/other entities interact

• Stress importance of historical analysis

• Particular mechanisms of domination exist-uneven development

• Economic factors are absolutely important

Global and pluralist common points

• Stress an approach to IR grounded in political economy

• Attuned to events,processes, actors, institutions operating within/btw.states-greater variety of actors

• Transnationalist tradition-emphasize socioeconomic and welfare issues

Intellectual predecessors

• Karl Marx-

• laws of development-dialectical materialism

• society must be studied in totality

• Capitalism is a necessary phase of social development

Hobson

• -imperialism, • 3 problems in capitalist societies:

overproduction, underconsumption, oversavings-

• solution is to invest in 3rd World countries• Reject Marxist determinism• Imperialism benefits a select few in the

home country and is a cause of war

Lenin• Causes of war among advanced industrial

countries

• Lenin borrows Hobson’s analysis

• Capitalism leads to monopolies which squeeze out smaller firms

• Imperialism is drawn by economic factors

Reformism

• Eduard Bernstein-social democracy

• Welfare state

• Reformism-to control negative aspects of capitalism

• Division between Reformists and revolutionaries-Bernstein vs. Luxembourg

Development studies under globalism

• NeoMarxist-Latin American development studies

• Dependency school

• Modernization theories-linear process of change

Ties of development or dependency

• Trade

• Foreign Aid

• Foreign Direct investment

Wallerstein-world system theories

• World-economy vs.world economy

• World economy presumes the existence of national economies

• World-economy-there is an ‘economy’ with extensive division of labor-which relate to one another through a ‘market’.

World-Economy

• Is capitalist in form

• Emerged in the 16th century

• Entire globe operates through a singular framework of singular division of labor

• There is no political entity with ultimate authority over its zones

Political superstructure

• Interstate system with political structures called sovereign states-legitimized

• Sovereignty implies formal autonomy which are implemented thr. Rules of the system and power of other states in the system.

• No single state is totally autonomous.

World-economy consists of:

• Core

• Semi-periphery

• periphery

World-economy operates through cycles

• Expansion-contraction-Kondratieff cycles

• Stagnation creates pressures to restructure the network of production processes.

• Mechanisms of expansion are:

• Reduction of production costs by relocating

• Creation of new core activities-innovation

• Intense class struggle within core and others

Core states

• Control production

• Control markets

• Control political dynamics

• Seek to reinforce the advantages of their production and to legitimitize their role in the interstate system by imposing cultural dominance over the rest of the world.

Globalists and realists

• Focus on the system-in order to understand how states act, we should place in the general structure

• Both stress power but different sources of power• Both equally value anarchy-anarchy is the absence

of single world empire for Wallerstein• Ramifications of anarchy are different