globalisation affects: music

• MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE - Immigration. With the migrants comes their music.

• Tourists and music sales.• Education. - Effects of foreign music students. • GLOBAL TRADE IN GOODS• Globalisation of entertainment services

Music to the worldCompact discs - the global internet music business is fighting against old and well established local price cartels in many countries. It is also threatening the music industry itself through new technology (MP3) which allows digital downloading of CDs from the Web.The five largest distributors of recorded music sell approximately 85 percent of all compact discs (CDs) purchased in the United States Universal Music and Video Distribution Sony Corp. of America Time-Warner Inc EMI Music Distribution Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG)

Netherlands US UK

Revenues recordables, gross (US$)

660,100,000 12,297,700,000 2,709,800,000

Total sales, recordables

(pieces)

38,000,000 1,044,800,000 234,500,000

Sales recordables, per

capita (US$)

42.6 46.3 46.4

Copyrights and neighboring rights (US$)

311,480,000 1,080,400,000 382,960,000

Some Economics of Pop Music, 1996

Australia 13 27 18 18 6 0.7

Canada 20 13 24 10 8 1.1

US 13 14 22 10 12 12.1

Japan 13 18 7 14 8 7.6

Germany 23 12 13 22 15 3.3

UK 22 13 11 22 9 2.6

France 32 25 13 19 11 2.4

Netherlands 23 14 8 15 13 0.7

Italy 19 16 17 15 24 0.6

Korea 10 5 4 5 5 0.5

Sweden 20 19 13 26 22 0.3

Electronic Marketing Strengths

Makes it easy and convenient for the customer to do business with you.Creates a natural one-to-one relationship between buyer and seller, with customization of products and services.Fosters customer loyalty and increases customer retention rates.Helps the company focus on providing customer value.Lowers costs for buyers and sellers in the whole process from pre-purchase to post-purchase stage.Facilitates price comparisons.

New Copyright Issues• RIAA v. MP3.com, Inc.: “MyMP3.com” • MP3 claims service nothing more than “virtual CD player” • Not legal to compile vast database of sound recordings w/ no

permission and no license • Copyright owners have exclusive right to make reproductions of their

copyrighted sound recordings in all forms • RIAA v. Napster • Napster.com: centralized system for users to share music files • Napster claims it is not liable because service does not keep any music

on its own servers • Napster encourages and facilitates illegal copying and distribution of

copyrighted music • Universal v. Reimerdes • reverse-engineered and posted software (Content Scramble System) • Distribution of computer program DeCSS violates DMCA • Not legal to offer technology primarily designed to circumvent

technological measures used to protect copyrighted works • WCT Art. 11: adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies

against circumvention of technology for protecting works

Pirate music or free music?• WHO REALLY CARES? • THE LAW • WHAT ARTISTS & SONGWRITERS HAVE TO SAY

• WHY YOU SHOULDN'T DO IT• LEGAL SITES • Major Distributors Agree to

Abandon Advertising Pricing Policies

Globalisation of music• Ushered in vagaries of new music

world & fractionalization of music industry:

• - Hip Hop - House/techno • - Pop - Rap stars • - Ska - World music• GenY

World music • PROMOTION OF LOCAL MUSIC HERITAGE

IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION • African singers • Musical developments and music industry in

Europe• Latin music

A Musical Instrument Travels Around the World. Jenbe Playing in Bamako, West Africa, and Beyond

Sound sample 1: rhythm sunun Sound sample 2: sunun at a wedding festival in Bamako