GLOBAL WARMINGINTELLIGENT DESIGN

THE AXIS OF EVILAND THE

FUTURE RELEVANCE AND IMPACTOF THE

ACADEMIC RESEARCH LIBRARY

James G. Neal

Columbia University

Digital Library Seminar Series

15 December 2006

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THE SHIFTING VALUES OF THE LIBRARY

• Customization• Openness• Self Service• Mutability• Productivity• Usability

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THE SHIFTING VALUES OF THE LIBRARY

• Assessment• Marketing• Strategic Action• Business Plan• Competition• Resource Development

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CORE LIBRARY SERVICES TO USERS

• Information Acquisition

• Information Synthesis

• Information Navigation

• Information Dissemination

• Information Interpretation

• Information Understanding

• Information Archiving

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CHANGING LIBRARY ROLES

• Libraries as Consumers

• Libraries as Intermediaries and Aggregators

• Libraries as Publishers

• Libraries as Educators

• Libraries as R&D Organizations

• Libraries as Entrepreneurs

• Libraries as Policy Advocates

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CURRENT SCHIZOPHRENICCONDITIONS

• Physical versus Virtual• Print versus Electronic• Ownership versus Lease• Educate versus Deliver• Stable versus Dynamic• Content versus Functionality• General versus Specialized• Monopoly versus Vulnerability• Binary versus Ambiguity

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THE SHIFTING VISION OF THE LIBRARY

• Legacy

• Infrastructure

• Repository

• Portal

• Enterprise

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GLOBAL WARMING

Impact of Human Activityor

Natural Climate Variation

• The library is experiencing broad climatic changes that will threaten the professional species and upset the order of roles and responsibilities.

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ADVANCING THE OPEN REVOLUTION

• Open Source

• Open Standards

• Open Archives

• Open Design

• Open Linking

• Open Courseware

• Open Knowledge

• Open Access

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LESSIG Constraints On Open Access

To Information

Market

Law

Norms

Technology INFORMATION

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TRANSFORMING SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION

• The Urge to Publish

• Crisis in Scholarly Publishing

• Roots of Dysfunction

• Electronic Strategies

• New Economics/Competition

• Quality Assurance

• Permanent Archiving

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ACADEMIC LIBRARIESCORE INTERESTS

• Competitive Market

• Easy Distribution and Reuse

• Innovation Applications of Technology

• Quality Assurance

• Permanent Archiving

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DISCUSSIONS WITH COLUMBIA FACULTY

• Scholarly Publishing Issues Now Being Discussed in Disciplines

• Concern About Future of Scholarly Monograph

• Role of Subventions and Subsidies for Publication

• Market Impact on Research Topics and Treatments

• Migration or Coexistence of Print and Electronic

• Importance of Electronic Access to Historical Literature

• Role of Google/Search Engines

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DISCUSSIONS WITH COLUMBIA FACULTY

• Critical Importance of Linking/Browsability

• Role of Pre-Print and Disciplinary Repositories

• Role of Conference Proceedings/Grey Literature

• Concern About Open Access Models

• Fundamental Importance of Peer Review/Impact Assessment

• Concern About Long-Term Archiving

• Faculty Retention of Copyright

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HAVE WE MADE A DIFFERENCE?

• Have publication prices gone down? Why?

• Are research results circulating more quickly? How?

• Are institutions or individuals asserting some control over their intellectual property?

• Has academic publisher consolidation been reduced?

• Have SPARC publishing partnerships been more additive than competitive?

• Are researchers/academic administrators talking more about scholarly publishing issues?

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HAVE WE MADE A DIFFERENCE?

• Is open access truly an alternative to publisher-based scholarly publishing?

• In the absence of a coordinated plan for archiving of digital publications, will open access models survive?

• Can peer-review and open access models come together?

• Are editorial boards willing and able to break away from commercial publishers?

• Will scholarly communication be embraced as an important public policy issue?

• Will fair use survive the legislative battles?

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BUILDING THE DIGITAL LIBRARY

QUALITY = CONTENT + FUNCTIONALITY

• Published/Licensed Content

• Primary Content

• Open Web Content

• Institutional Content

• Multimedia Content

• Integrated Services

• Software Tools

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ADVANCING THE DIGITAL LIBRARY

• Leveraging the Content

• Reshaping the Organizational Culture

• Building the Infrastructure

• Setting the Direction

• Then Just Doing It

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ADVANCING THE REPOSITORY MOVEMENT

• Discipline Repositories

• Institutional Repositories

• Consortium Repositories

• Departmental/School Repositories

• Individual Repositories

• National Repositories

• Referatories/Virtual Repositories

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SUPPORTING THE COURSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

• Content Creation

• Storage and Management

• Search and Query Techniques

• Distribution and Access

• Rights Management

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PARTICIPATING IN THE ENTREPRENEURIAL ACADEMY

• Leveraging Assets

• New Customers/Markets

• Financial Mandate

• Competitive Mandate

• Prestige Mandate

• Development and Risk Capital

• Business Planning

• Cultural Firewalls

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ENTREPRENEURIAL INITIATIVESOBJECTIVES

• Leverage library and information services assets to produce new income in support of local needs.

• Build upon experience producing new income through strategies like publishing program, software development, network

services and duplication services.

• Learn through entrepreneurial and innovative activities and apply these lessons to library and information services.

• Secure expanded visibility in the national library and information technology communities and at local level.

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MARKETING THE LIBRARY

• Match Capabilities of an Organization with Needs and Wants of Communities Served

• Existing Products to Existing MarketsMARKET PENETRATION

• Existing Products to New MarketsMARKET EXTENSION

• New Products for Existing MarketsPRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

• New Products for New MarketsDIVERSIFICATION

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RESPONDING TO USER EXPECTATIONS

• Content

• Access

• Convenience

• New Capabilities

• Cost Reduction

• Individual Productivity

• Organizational Productivity

• Individual Control

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INTELLIGENT DESIGN

Evolution by Natural Selectionor

Supernatural Intervention in the Origin of Life

• The library is confronted by new theologies of values and meaning that seek to explain our roots and to

redefine our futures.

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BUILDING THE NETWORK

• Connectivity

• Reliability

• Capacity

• Performance

• Security

• New Applications

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PARTICIPATING IN ENTERPRISE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

• Business Reengineering

• Productivity Mandate

• Integration

• Distribution

• Customization

• Open Source

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MANAGING IDENTITY AND SECURITY

• Intensity Of Threat

• Network Efficiency

• System Operations

• Data Integrity And Protection

• Identity Theft

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ORGANIZING DISASTER PREPARATION AND CONTINUITY

• Business Continuity

• Business Recovery

• Redundancy

• Policy And Process

• Responsibility

• Records Management

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• Accessibility

• Availability

• Immediacy

• Searchability

• Currency

• Researchability

• Dynamism/Fluidity

• Interdisciplinary

• Collaboration

• Multimedia

• Linkability

• Interactive

• Procedural

• Spatial

• Encyclopedic

MINING THE FULL POTENTIAL OF DIGITAL INFORMATION

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BUILDING CONTENT MANAGEMENT PORTALS

• Content Types

• Content Delivery

• Metadata

• Content Workflow

• Extensibility

• Portal As Integrator

• Portal As Real-time Process

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ENHANCING THE FACULTY EXPERIENCE

• Personal Advancement/Recognition

• Contributions to Scholarly Literature

• High Quality Instructional Experiences

• Successful Students

• Work on Innovative Projects

• Collaboration with Interesting Colleagues

• Financial Compensation

• Remuneration for Own Work

• Excellent Laboratory, Library and Technology Support

• Opportunities to Experiment with Technology

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THE LIBRARIAN IN THE ACADEMYFACULTY RELATIONS

• Servant• Stranger• Parallel• Friend• Partner• Customer• Team

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SUPPORTING THE NEEDS OF BIG SCIENCE

• Massive Data

• Unstructured Data

• Extraction

• Visualization

• Simulation

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ENRICHING RESEARCH THROUGHTEXT MINING

• Extract Words Or Phrases

• Establish Meanings And Patterns

• Linking Of Objects

• Open Text Mining Interface

• Publisher Business Model

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ENHANCING THE STUDENT EXPERIENCE

• Technology Ubiquity

• Web-based Services

• Technology Sandbox

• Privacy Space

• Support Services

• Information Fluency

• Post-graduate Access

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ENABLING/INTEGRATING WEB 2.0 AND 3.0

• Social Networking

• Collective Intelligence

• RSS – Incremental Web

• Software As Service/Not Product

• Artificial Intelligence/Expert Systems

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RETHINKING LIBRARY SPACE PLANNING AND IDENTITY

• Trompe L’oeil Library

• Library Use Trends

• Technology as Catalyst

• Learning Space

• Social Space

• Collaborative Space

• Flexibility And Adaptability

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PREPARING FOR ACCOUNTABILITY AND ASSESSMENT

• Institutional Expectations

• Government/Funder Mandate

• Measures of User Satisfaction

• Measures of Market Penetration

• Measures of Success

• Measures of Impact

• Measures of Cost Effectiveness

• System Design for Usability

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DEVELOPING NEW RESOURCES

Success ≠ Resource AllocationSuccess = Resource Attraction

• Fundraising• Research Grants• Technology Transfer• Lease of Space• Sale of Products• Sale of Services• Recoverables/Fees• Co-Investment

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PROMOTING COOPERATION

• Library Systems

• Local and Regional Cooperation

• State Projects

• Multi-State Projects

• National Consortia/Projects

• International Partnerships

• Researcher Collaboration

• Publisher Collaboration

• Collaboration with TechnologyOrganizations

• Corporate Partnerships

• Business Partnerships

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SUCCESSFUL PARTNERSHIPSTHE COLLABORATION ADVANTAGE

• Individual Excellence

• Importance

• Interdependence

• Investment

• Information Sharing

• Integration

• Institutionalization

• Integrity

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AXIS OF EVIL

Menacing Regimes That Sponsor Terror

or

Right-Wing Political Strategy to Demonize Critics

• The library is threatened by an axis of evil public policy initiatives that undermine our ability to serve the learning and scholarly communities.

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ESTABLISHING STANDARDS

• Role of Standards

• Standards Community

• Standards Leadership

• Incubation Strategies

• Development and Deployment Strategies

• Standards Maintenance/Certification

• Standards-Lite Needs

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ASSESSING CAREFULLY ROLE OF SEARCH ENGINE LIBRARIES

• Google Print/Google Library

• Yahoo Open Content Alliance

• Library Participation

• Library Impact/Anxiety

• Copyright Challenge

• Future Initiatives

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SUPPORTING GLOBALIZATION GOALS OF UNIVERSITY

• International Collections

• International Students/Researchers

• Faculty Research Collaboration

• Challenges Of Language

• Challenges Of Standards

• Challenges Of Law

• Challenges Of Culture

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DEVELOPING THE WORKFORCE

• Recruitment Strategies

• Role of Professional Education

• Employment Strategies

• Development Strategies

• Retention Strategies

• Feral Professionals/Socialization Issues

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FERAL PROFESSIONALSIN THE ACADEMIC LIBRARY

• Librarians With Diverse Academic Credentials

• Wide Range of New Professional Assignments

• Professional Roles of Support Staff and Students

• Impact on Values, Outlooks, Styles, Expectations

• Impact on Community Understanding, Recognition, Respect

• Impact on Organizational Relevance and Impact

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PRESERVING AND ARCHIVING THE CONTENT

• Archive as Repository HOLD

• Archive as Persistence ACCESS

• Archive as Curation SECURE

• Archive as Steward CARE

• Analog

• Digital Conversion

• Born Digital

• Disaster Preparedness

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ESTABLISHING A RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENDA

• Creation of New Knowledge

• Laboratory for Experimentation

• Magnet for New Skills

• Potential for Capitalization/Tech Transfer

• Support for Decision Making

• Organizational Risk Taking

• Federal, Foundation and Corporate Investment

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ADVOCATING THE INFORMATION POLICY AGENDA

• Intellectual Freedom

• Privacy

• Civil Liberties

• Education Programs

• Research Programs

• Internet Development

• Telecommunications

• Government Information

• Appropriations

• Workforce Policy

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FIGHTING THE COPYRIGHT WARS

• International Agreements

• New Laws and Legislation

• Court Cases

• Trade Agreements

• Licensing

• Use Guidelines

• Digital Rights Management

• Ownership of Copyright

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POLITICAL ADVOCACYTHE HIGHER EDUCATION ROLE

• Knowledgeable Resources for the Community

• Political and Legislative Advocates for Community Interests

• Educators of Community on Priority Issues

• Documenters of Impact of Legislative Actions

• Promoters of Campus and Community Coalitions

• Enablers of Successful Models Which Support Political Agenda

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BUILDING NEW ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS

• Conventional Administrative Hierarchyand

Academic Governancy/Bureaucracy

• Centralized Planning and Resource Allocation Systemsand

Loosely Coupled Academic Structuresand

Maverick Units and Entrepreneurial Enterprises

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WHAT IS ORGANIZATION?

• Individuals and groups carrying out roles and working together to achieve shared objectives within a formal social and political structure and with established policies and processes…

– goals and priorities are established– decisions are made– resources are allocated– power is wielded– plans are accomplished

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES“The Current Lie”

Determine the degree to which:

– administrative responsibility and authority are distributed and shared

– operations and procedures are integrated and flexible

– policies and norms are designed and enforced

– fluidity and vitality contribute to productivity and success

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SCHIZOPHRENIC ORGANIZATIONAL MODELSIN HIGHER EDUCATION

• Conventional Administrative Hierarchy

and

Academic Governancy/Bureaucracy

• Centralized Planning and Resource Allocation Systems

and

Loosely Coupled Academic Structures

and

Maverick Units and Entrepreneurial Enterprises

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RANGE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

• Centralization and Decentralization

• Hierarchy and Distribution

• Bureaucracy and Adhocracy

• Simplicity and Complexity

• Formality and Informality

• Administration and Entrepreneurship

• Authority and Collaboration

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DIFFERENCES IN ORGANIZATIONPROCESS AND CHARACTER

• Cultural Traditions

• Leadership and Power

• Strategy and Planning

• Communication and Collaboration

• Budgeting and Resource Allocation

• Assessment

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PLANNING AND TRANSFORMATION

• Too much planning and too little strategic thinking.

• Existing structures and processes built for slower pace of change.

• Academic program planning not linked to institutional strategic planning.

• Resource allocations not linked to strategies.

• Planning cycles expenditure-based rather than strategic.

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THE PROSPECTS FOR CHANGE IN LIBRARIES

• Entrepreneurship

• Defensive Diversification

• Receivership

• Doing Less with Less

• Expense Reductions

• Doing More with Less

• Structural Change

• Repositioning

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THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH LIBRARYAREAS OF STRATEGIC FOCUS

• Distributed Electronic Access to Content, Tools and Services

• High Quality Physical Spaces

• High Quality Electronic Spaces

• Special and Distinctive Collections

• Archiving of Digital and Analog Content

• Global Collections

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THE ACADEMIC RESEARCH LIBRARYAREAS OF STRATEGIC FOCUS

• Innovative Applications of Technology in Support of Learning and Research

• High Quality Technology Infrastructure

• Staff Development and Professional Engagement

• Leadership in Information Policy

• Integration into the Academic Fabric of the University

• New Knowledge Driven by Research and Development

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HOW DO WE FEEL?• Anxious - an abnormal and overwhelming sense of apprehension and fear

• Disrupted - interruption of normal course or unity, thrown into disorder

• Chaotic - state of utter confusion, unpredictability in the behavior of complex systems

“Our age of anxiety is, in great part, the result of trying to do today’s jobs with yesterday’s tools.”

Marshall McCluhan

“One of the litmus tests is that a disruptive technology enables a larger population of less skilled people to do things that historically only an expert could.”

Clayton ChristensenThe Innovator’s Dilemma

“Chaos often breeds life, when order breeds habit.”Education of Henry Adams

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FUTURE LIBRARIAN

• Clear Sense of Mission

• Self Vision

• Base of Knowledge

• Strategic Positioning

• Continuous Improvement