Global WarmingGlobal WarmingGreenhouse Effect Greenhouse gases and their sourcesSteps to reduce Global warming

Air and Water PollutionAir PollutionCauses of Air PollutionEffects of Air PollutionControl of Air PollutionWater PollutionCauses of Water PollutionEffects of Water PollutionControl of Water Pollution

Global Warming

Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth's climate.

“Rising global temperatures are expected to raise sea level, and change precipitation and other local climate conditions. Changing regional climate could alter forests, crop yields, and water supplies. It could also affect human health, animals, and many types of ecosystems. Deserts may expand into existing rangelands, and features of some of our national parks may be permanently altered.”

Scientists say that the barrier insulating the continental ice caps is melting.“The impacts of warming

temperatures in Antarctica are likely to occur first in the northern sections of the continent, where summer temperatures approach the melting point of water, 32 degrees F (0 degrees C).”

As the ice melts, big chunks of glaciers will break off and become like ice cubes in a big glass of water. The ice chunks, known as icebergs, create mass in the ocean. The icebergs displace the water causing the ocean level to rise. Some of the shoreline in many places like Florida (where the land is at a low altitude) will go under water.

This is where temperatures have risen in the world.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases act like a blanket, absorbing IR radiation and preventing it from escaping into outer space. The net effect is the gradual heating of Earth's atmosphere and surface, a process known as global warming.

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Increasing CO2 emissions, especially in China and developing countriesLikely to double within 150 years:

• Increased coal usage• Increased natural gas usage• Decreased petroleum usage (increased cost and decreasing supply)

Because greenhouse gas emissions are tied very closely to our energy consumption, using less fossil fuel based energy puts fewer greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

This will help slow global warming.

Reduce consumption of fossil fuels in US

Mountaintop removal for coal mining near Rawl, West Virginia.

50% of electricity in the United States is produced from coal.

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Small changes really add up

Replace your old refrigerator with a new Energy Star:

Annual savings:700 pounds CO2

Set your thermostat down a few degrees in the winterAnnual savings:

1400 pounds CO2

Wash clothes in cold water onlyAnnual savings:

500 pounds CO2

Drive JUST 10 fewer miles per weekAnnual savings:520 pounds CO2

Reduce your garbage by 10% through greater recycling or reduced packagingAnnual savings:

1200 pounds CO2

Air and Water Pollution

Pollution

Pollution is normally classified on an environmental basis, into the following 3 types.

Air pollution.Water pollution.Soil pollution.

Apart from these, we can recognize other forms of pollution such as noise pollution, thermal pollution, radio-active pollution and so on

According to W.H.O, an increase in any of the constituents of the atmosphere which is harmful to the living beings and their environment, is known as air pollution

The view from the space

Primarily air pollutants The pollutants that are a direct result of the process can be called primary pollutants. A classic example of a primary pollutant would be the sulfur-dioxide emitted from factories.

Secondary pollutants are the ones that are caused by the inter mingling and reactions of primary pollutants. Smog created by the interactions of several primary pollutants is known to be as secondary pollutant.

A form of air pollution produced by the photochemical reaction of sunlight withhydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides,that have been released into the atmosphere, specially by automotive emissions.

Burning of Fossil FuelsSulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and other factory combustibles is one the major cause of air pollution.

Agricultural activitiesAmmonia is a very common by product from agriculture related activities and is one of the most hazardous gases in the atmosphere.

Indoor air pollutionHousehold cleaning products, painting supplies emit toxic chemicals in the air and cause air pollution.

Exhaust from factories and industriesManufacturing industries release large amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and chemicals into the air thereby depleting the quality of air.

Mining operationsMining is a process wherein minerals below the earth are extracted using large equipments. During the process dust and chemicals are released in the air causing massive air pollution.

1. Respiratory and heart problems2. Global warming3. Acid Rain4. Effect on Wildlife5. Depletion of Ozone layer

The ozone layer is becoming thin due to the gases called CFCS. The use of these gases started in 1930s in refrigerators, air conditioners, and for cleaning of computers. These gases do not burn and are not poisonous. However, CFCS are known to spoil the ozone layer of the atmosphere in a systematic way. Modern research shows that one molecule of CFCs can destroy one lac molecules of ozone.

Establishment of industries away from the towns and cities.Growing more plants and trees.Use of efficient engines in automobiles.Use of smokeless stove.Use public mode of transportationConserve energyUnderstand the concept of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Emphasis on clean energy resourcesUse energy efficient devices

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies like lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater. Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

Effluent from various industries, Sewage containing domestic waster and pesticides from agricultural lands are finding their way into water bodies leading to water pollution.

Industrial wastesSewage and waste waterMining activitiesMarine dumpingAccidental Oil leakageBurning of fossil fuelsChemical fertilizers and pesticidesAgricultural wastesRelease of Superheated waterAddition of waste and oil from refineries

Leakage from sewer linesGlobal warmingRadioactive wasteUrban development Leakage from the landfills Animal wasteUnderground storage leakage

Human HealthEcosystemsDeath of animalsEconomic cost

• Sewage treatments• Prevent river water to get polluted• Treatment of wastes before discharge• Strict adherence to water laws• Treatment of drainage water• Treatment plants• Keep the pond water clean and safe• Routine cleaning• Don’t pour insecticides in sinks and toilets• Public Awareness

Sewage Treatment