GLOBAL TRANSITION TO CAPITALISM CHAPTER 2 SECTION 3 NOTES PATTERSON.
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Transcript of GLOBAL TRANSITION TO CAPITALISM CHAPTER 2 SECTION 3 NOTES PATTERSON.
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GLOBAL TRANSITION
TO CAPITALISM
C H A P T E R 2 S E C T I O N 3 N O T E S
PAT T E R S O N
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PROBLEMS OF TRANSITION
• When a country becomes large and complex, a capitalist market is the best way to manage production and provide the necessary incentives.
• The transition to capitalism can be very difficult.
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WHY CAPITALISM?
• Capitalism is the most powerful engine for creating wealth the world has ever seen.
• The growth of capitalism has improved the standard of living and the quality of life for millions around the globe.
• Technology has accelerated the push towards capitalism because people desire the wealth they see in others around the world.
• Perfect capitalism may not be desirable to everybody, but a mixed system that relies on capitalism is very popular.
• The transition is very difficult and some countries have failed in this transition.
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PRIVATIZATION OF STATE OWNED PROPERTY• The ownership of private property is a key ingredient to capitalism.
• Privatization must occur if the transition to capitalism is to take place.
• Privatization is important because entrepreneurs want to be rewarded for taking risk and it has been shown that people take better care of their property if they own it.
• In countries like Hungary , Poland and Czech Republic vouchers were used to help individuals purchase property.
• Vouchers were either given away or sold at a very cheap price.
• Vouchers could be exchanged for certificates of ownership and state owned enterprise could be transferred to private hands.
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RESPONDING TO NEW INCENTIVES• Workers were not familiar with the actions they had to take in a capitalist
system. They now had to make their own decisions, take iniative, interpret prices and fend for themselves.
• Many workers proved unable to handle this new responsibility.
• Workers were used to the same salary regardless of performance. They now had to grasp the concept that they could be fired for poor performance.
• Factory managers had to pay back loans and learn to manage their own finances.
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LOSS OF POLITICAL POWER
• Under communism the Communist Party was the ruling class. With the transition to capitalism, many in the party lost political power.
• In some countries (Czechoslovakia, Poland and Hungary), the ruling class lost political power before the transition. Their voucher system worked well in allowing the people to become more powerful.
• In other countries, the ruling class bought the vouchers. Those with the old political power became the economic power brokers of the new country. Ex: Russia
• Russian communist leaders had a very difficult time in giving up power.
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UNDERESTIMATING THE COSTS• Many countries that wanted to make the transition, focused on the benefits
without understanding the costs.
• The costs of capitalism include the instability, unemployment and social unrest. Until the New Deal, the United States did not have programs designed to handle these costs.
• Some economists believe that these programs have helped stabilize the economy.
• Most countries in transition do not have social welfare programs that cushion the instabilities of capitalism.
• Some countries cannot survive the unrest that initially occurs in a capitalist system.