Global theme - Agro-ecosystems
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Transcript of Global theme - Agro-ecosystems
Good management of natural resources is key to sustainable and productive agriculture. Over-exploitation of this fragile agro-ecosystem in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa has led to land and soil degradation, yield decline, and increasing hunger and poverty.
Harnessing synergies at the Community Scale in AsiaWatershed Management in Asia:Working together with communities living in the watersheds has identified:• Low-costwatercatchmentssystemsto
enhance water productivity and reduce soil erosion
• Overcomemicro-nutrientdeficiencies• Diversificationwithhigh-valuecrops• Rehabilitationofcommunitywastelandsfor
additional income• Increasedincomeforlandlessandwomen
through micro-enterprises.
Impact:• Innovationinfluencedpolicydecisionsin
India,China,VietnamandThailand.• Intenyears412watershedsestablishedinAsia.
South-south collaboration expanded this approach from India to East Africa.
Improved rural livelihoods, increased food security and sustainable Integrated Genetic andNatural Resource Management throughout the SAT
Climate Change: ICRISAT’s Hypothesis of HopeICRISATbelievesthatmuchcanbedonetomitigatetheimpactsofclimatechangeintheSAT.• TheirevolutionaryhistoryinhotanddryenvironmentsmakeICRISATcropsbetteradaptedthanothers.• ExanteanalysesindicatethatIGRNMinnovationsrecommendedfortoday will help mitigate impacts of climate
change tomorrow.
Our HypothesisInthemediumterm(2010-2050),ICRISATandpartnerswillhelpfarmersmitigatetheimpactsofclimatechangethrough:1. Applicationofexistingknowledgeoncrop,soilandwatermanagementinnovations2. Re-deploymentandre-targetingofthealreadyavailablegermplasmofitsmandatecrops.
The Current Yield Gap (green). Column1istheyieldthatfarmersgetundercurrentlowinputmanagement.Column5isthe yield that farmers get by adopting current affordable recommendations
Yield Gap 1 under Climate Change (red)Column2representstheslightlyloweryieldsthatfarmerswouldgetunderclimatechangeusingtoday’slowinputsystem.Column3representstheyieldsthatfarmerscouldget,evenunderclimatechange, if they adopted current improved practice recommendations. Yield Gap 2 under Climate Change (red). Column4representstheyieldsthatfarmerscouldgetunderclimatechangeiftheywere to adopt current improved practice recommendations together with germplasm better adapted to a warmer world.
A plot showing the difference when used with microdosing (top) and without microdosing (bottom) Inset: Applying a microdose of fertilizer.
a) Additional groundwater recharge at Kothapally watershed. b) Water storage for expanded irrigation. c) Bio-diesel extraction plant in the Powerguda watershed in Andhra Pradesh. d) Low cost soil and water conservation structures. e) Groundnuts with micronutrient amendments.
aa c
e
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ApproachICRISATembracesanIntegratedGeneticandNaturalResourceManagement(IGNRM)approach.IGNRMexploitsthesynergies of crop improvement, crop, soil and water management, livestock science, social and economic research and climate science.
Boosting production at the Field Scale in Africa. Fertilizer MicrodosingDecliningsoilfertilityandhighfertilizerpricesaremajorconstraints.Precisionplacementofsmallamountsoffertilizerattheidealtime(microdosing),combinedwithmicrocreditschemes,and innovative marketing methods, boosts yields.
Impact:• 250,000farmfamiliesinAfricahavepositivelyevaluatedmicrodosing• Microdosingre-introducedfertilizeruseinZimbabwe,MozambiqueandSouthAfrica• Yieldincreasesbetween44to120%inMali,BurkinaFasoandNiger• Incomeshaveincreasedby30to130%.
ICRISAT is working with partners to scale up this work in the coming years.