Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in Industry Policy Workshop · 7&8 April 2011 UNIDO - Global...
Transcript of Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in Industry Policy Workshop · 7&8 April 2011 UNIDO - Global...
Engineering for CO2 geological storage
Global Technology Roadmap Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in Industryfor CCS in IndustryPolicy WorkshopPolicy Workshop
Sector focus: Qualitative Matching ofEmissions Sources and Reservoirs Resources
Yann Le Gallo, Ph.D.Operation Manager
UNIDO - Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in industry 27&8 April 2011
OutlineOutline
Overview of the study Storage resources assessment– Deep Saline Formations– Depleted Oil & Gas Fields
CO2 emission assessment– Location– Evolution scenario
Qualitative source sink matching – Focus on Brazil
Main conclusions and way forward
Engineering for CO2 geological storage
Overview Overview of the Studyof the Study
UNIDO - Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in industry 47&8 April 2011
WorkWork Flow of the Flow of the StudyStudy
Natural Gas ProcessingHigh purity CO2
Coal-To-Liquid
Iron and SteelBlast Furnace
Direct Reduction of Iron
BiomassSynthetic natural gas
Ethanol Hydrogen
Hydrogen Cracking
Downstream Oil and Gas (refineries)
Process heatCement FINEX technologiiesEthylen
Fertilizer/Amonia Klin/calcination Black liquor (Pulp&Paper)Hisarma process
Industrial CO2 sources 2008(IEA GHG CO2 source database)
Sector Economic evolution
Evolution of Carbon intensity of processes
Industrial CO2 sources
UNIDO Technology synthesis report - November 2010- figure 5.3 based upon IEA’s Blue Map low scenario and the Global Technology Roadmap for CCS as much as possible
Evolution towards 2050
UNIDO - Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in industry 57&8 April 2011
Industrial CO2 sources Evolution towards 2050
Sink OpportunityDSF Suitability
Source / sink matching on an area basis
Hot spots
Evolution towards 2050
IEAGHG / GCCSI DFS suitability
* Oil fields: use IEAGHG study* Gas fields: use USGS
database and correlation between Gas reserves and CO2
capacity and IEAGHG study
Oil fieldsGas field capacity est.
Oil and gas fields*
Areas with a large potential for both CO2 capture from industrial CO2 sources and
prospective storage reservoirs on the longer
term
Recommendations
Actions and milestones to launch early opportunities, to change hot spots to longer term opportunities, and to
overcome gaps and barriers in dedicated areas
Early opportunities
Project possibilities for CCS in industry with relatively
low costs – e.g., where low-cost capture, easy transport
and revenue-generating storage can be combined.
WorkWork Flow of the Flow of the StudyStudy
Engineering for CO2 geological storage
COCO22 emissionsemissions
2007 (reference) – 2050 (horizon)
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COCO22 emissions emissions
Assumptions:– Constant carbon intensity– Growth of the existing sources
Gaps in location of CO2emissions mainly in non-OECD
UNIDO industrial sectors:
Black liquor (Pulp & Paper)
Hydrogen from biomass
Ethanol production
Synthetic natural gas
Biomass
Process heat
Cracking
Hydrogen productionDownstream Oil and Gas
(refineries)
Calcination
KilnCement
Hisarma process
FINEX technologies
Direct Reduction of Iron
Blast Furnace
Iron and steel
Ethylene Oxide production
Fertilizer/Ammonia production
Ethylene
Coal-To-Liquid
Natural Gas Processing
High purity CO2
UNIDO - Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in industry 87&8 April 2011
Global evolution of the COGlobal evolution of the CO22 Emission Emission for each sectorfor each sector
High CO2 purity Iron/steel Cement Donwstream Oil&Gas Biofuels0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Mt C
O2
2007
High CO2 purity Iron/steel Cement Donwstream Oil&Gas Biofuels0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Mt C
O2
2050
Regional trends for Iron&Steel and Cement sectors following IEA ETP 2010 scenario
Engineering for CO2 geological storage
Storage Resources Storage Resources
Deep Saline Formations
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WhatWhat isis the the storagestorage ressource in ressource in deepdeepsaline formations?saline formations?
No available map World Wide
Source IEA GHG, 2009
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A few Initiatives (Characterized Resource) in OECDA few Initiatives (Theoretical Resource) Initiatives in non-OECD
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SuitabilitySuitability of of DeepDeep Saline Formations Saline Formations
Source IPCC, 2005
+
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Estimated Storage Resources Estimated Storage Resources in Deep Saline Formationsin Deep Saline Formations
European Storage Capacity (350 Gt CO2)
29%
16%
55%
Highly Suitable
Suitable
Possible
Australia Storage Capacity (702 Gt CO2)
32%
27%
41%
Highly Suitable
Suitable
Possible
North America Storage Capacity (20213 Gt CO2)
8%
42%50%
Highly Suitable
Suitable
Possible
Source: EU Geocapacity, 2009
Source: Carbon Storage Task Force, 2010
Source: DOE -NETL, 2010
UNIDO - Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in industry 147&8 April 2011
EstimatingEstimating Storage Storage ResourcesResourcesin in DeepDeep Saline FormationsSaline Formations
China South Africa Brazil0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
mean theoretical
Sto
rage
reso
urce
(Gt C
O2)
Source: US DOE, 2009 Source: Council for Geoscience, 2010 Source: Carbmap, 2010
Engineering for CO2 geological storage
Storage Resources Storage Resources
Depleted Oil & Gas Fields
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EstimatingEstimating Storage Storage ResourcesResources in in DepletedDepleted GasGas FieldsFields
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
0 250 500 750 1000Estimated total gas in gas fields (Tcf)
Estim
ated
CO
2 st
orag
e ca
paci
ty (1
0^9
tonn
es) Asia Pacific
Central&South AmericaEuropeFormer Soviet UnionMiddle East & AfricaNorth America
Adapted from IEA GHG, 2009 Estimating Storage Resources in Depleted Oil Fields : see next presentation
UNIDO - Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in industry 177&8 April 2011
RegionsRegions consideredconsidered in the in the studystudy
Engineering for CO2 geological storage
Qualitative Source Qualitative Source -- Sink MatchingSink Matching
Brazil
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COCO22 emissions in Brazilemissions in Brazil
17%
9%
26%
35%
5%
8%
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Expected evolutions scenario of COExpected evolutions scenario of CO22sources in Brazilsources in Brazil
High CO2 purity Iron/steel Cement Donwstream Oil&Gas Biofuels0
20
40
60
80
100
120M
t CO
2 2007 reference 2050 estimate
UNIDO - Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in industry 217&8 April 2011
Storage ResourcesStorage Resources
Adapted from IEA GHG (2011) & USGS (2000)
Highly Suitable Suitable Possible
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000 mean
Stor
age
reso
urce
(Mt C
O2)
Deep saline suitability
Deep Saline Formations
Storage resource (Mt CO2)
Oil fields 2700Gas fields 12700Total 15400
Depleted Oil & Gas Fields
Not accounting for Presalt Deep Water plays
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COCO22 emissions hot spotsemissions hot spots
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 150
5
10
15
20
45505560657075808590
Mt C
O2
2007 Hot spots
Cement Downstream Oil and Gas High purity CO2 Iron and Steel Biofuels
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1505
101520253035404550
75
80
85
90
Hot spot
Mt C
O2
2007 2005
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Early opportunitiesEarly opportunities
05
10
15202530
35404550
5560657075
808590
Brazil Early Opportunity(123 Mt/y CO
2 in 2050)
Mt/y
CO
2
2050 Early Opportunities
B iomass Cement Downstream Oil & Gas High Puri ty CO
2 Iron & Steel
Sal
vado
r
Sao
Pau
lo
Mat
oG
ross
odo
Sul
Par
ana
Approximate locations
Engineering for CO2 geological storage
SYNTHESISSYNTHESIS
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Number and CONumber and CO22 Emission of Early Emission of Early Opportunities per regionOpportunities per region
0
2
4
6
8
10
Num
ber o
f Ear
ly O
ppor
tuni
ty p
er re
gion
Latin America Brazil South-East EuropeCentral Asia India ChinaSouth-East Asia Middle East Central AfricaNorthern Africa South Africa
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Middle East151 Mt/y CO2
Northern Africa71 Mt/y CO2
Central Africa11 Mt/y CO2
South Africa30 Mt/y CO2
China32 Mt/y CO2
India161 Mt/y CO2
Latin America35 Mt/y CO2
South-East Europe27 Mt/y CO2
South-East Asia53 Mt/y CO2
Central Asia80 Mt/y CO2
Brazil124 Mt/y CO2
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Middle East151 Mt/y CO2
Northern Africa71 Mt/y CO2
Central Africa11 Mt/y CO2
South Africa30 Mt/y CO2
China32 Mt/y CO2
India161 Mt/y CO2
Latin America35 Mt/y CO2
South-East Europe27 Mt/y CO2
South-East Asia53 Mt/y CO2
Central Asia80 Mt/y CO2
Brazil124 Mt/y CO2
UNIDO - Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in industry 287&8 April 2011
Key pointsKey points
Study limitations:– use publicly available data– CO2 emission location and volume uncertainties– storage resources assessment based upon surface density correlations
due to lack of data
Main conclusions– Excess storage for Northern & Central Africa, Middle East and Central
Asia– Storage shortage for India (geological limitations) and to some extent
Brazil (source-sink matching)– Limited number of Early Opportunities in most regions due to lack of
storage resources near industry hot spots.
Likely competition with Power industry for storage space
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Way ForwardWay Forward
Given uncertainties on non-OECD storage resources: – Regional storage resource assessment should be initiated (Deep
Saline Formation) to acquire or update geological knowledge– Site characterization to confirm storage capacity for First Of A
Kind projects
Given uncertainties on CO2 sources:– Update source database particularly in non-OECD countries– Consistency checks with UNFCCC and IEA emission data
Thank You For Your Attention
UNIDO - Global Technology Roadmap for CCS in industry
www.geogreen.eu