Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Program Status · -through better measurement of the...

H E A D Q U A R T E R S 1

5th GPM International Planning WorkshopTokyo, JapanNovember 7, 2005

Ramesh K. Kakar, Steven P. NeeckNASA Headquarters

Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Program StatusGlobal Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Program Status

25th GPM International Planning Workshop, November 7-9, 2005 H E A D Q U A R T E R S

Global Water and Energy Cycle Observation Strategy

GPM

• Flagship mission for NASA’s Global Water and Energy Cycle (GWEC) research and applications

• Important contribution to the U.S. Climate Change Science Program & the U.S. Weather Research Program

• Building on– the success of TRMM– NASA/JAXA capabilities in precipitation

measurements from space– national and international partnerships

in satellite constellation formation and ground validation

• Candidate component of the emerging Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS), an international effort to provide comprehensive, long-term, and coordinated observations of the Earth


GPM Science Objectives

Advancing precipitation measurement capability from space:- through combined use of active and wide-band passive remote-sensing techniques

Advancing understanding of global water/energy cycle variabilityand fresh water availability:

- through better measurement of the space-time variability of global precipitation

Improving weather forecasting skills:- through more accurate and frequent measurement of instantaneous rain rates

Improving climate modeling & prediction capabilities:- through better understanding of precipitation microphysics, surface water fluxes,

soil moisture storage, and latent heating distribution in the atmosphere

Improving prediction capabilities for floods, droughts, fresh water resources, crop conditions, & other water-related applications:

- through improved temporal sampling and high-resolution spatial coverage

A science mission with integrated applications goals


GPM Reference Concept

Core Spacecraft•TRMM-like spacecraft (NASA)•H-IIA launch (TBC, JAXA)•Non-sun-synchronous orbit

~ 65° inclination~407 km altitude

•Dual frequency radar (JAXA)Ku-Ka Bands (13.6-35 GHz)~ 4 km horizontal resolution~250 m vertical resolution

•Multifrequency radiometer (NASA)10.65, 18.7, 23.8, 36.5, 89.0, 166, 183.3 GHz

Constellation Satellites•Pre-existing operational-

experimental & dedicated satellites with PMW radiometers

•Revisit time3-hour goal ~90% of time

•Sun-synch & non-sun- synch orbits600-900 km altitudes

• Understand horizontal & vertical structure of rainfall, its macro- & micro-physical nature, & its associated latent heating

• Train & calibrate retrieval algorithms for constellation radiometers

• Provide sufficient global sampling to significantly reduce uncertainties in short-term rainfall accumulations

• Extend scientific and societal applications

Precipitation Processing System•Global precipitation products from input

data provided by a consortium of cooperative international partners

Ground Validation Sites •Ground measurement & calibration•Cooperative international partners


Proposed Partner Responsibilities•NASA is responsible for

– Key elements of the Core observatory (spacecraft, ground system, and the GMI instrument)

– One constellation spacecraft and its ground system– Precipitation Processing System (PPS)– Ground validation sites

•JAXA is responsible for – The Ka-band Precipitation Radar (to fly on the Core spacecraft)– The Ku-band Precipitation Radar (to fly on the Core spacecraft)– The launch vehicle for the Core spacecraft (TBC)– Constellation spacecraft (GCOM-W AMSR/FO)

•Other US agencies– To contribute radiometer rainfall measurement data streams from existing and

planned satellites (DMSP, NPOESS, etc.) for ingest by the PPS– To provide ground validation facilities, data processing/distribution, data

archiving•Other international partners

– Invited to support GPM by providing spacecraft, instruments, rain gauge networks, ground validation facilities, etc.


Selected Highlights and Plans

•TRMM extended through FY2009•High Frequency channels approved for GMI•2nd International GPM GV workshop, Taiwan•NASA plans to select a new Precipitation Science Team in 2006– Relation of precipitation to climate diagnostics– Retrieval algorithms and validation– Applications to hydrology and oceanography– Improvements in weather forecast capability– Education and outreach

•Field experiments– TCSP and NAMMA


Science value of HF channels on GMI•Measurement of frozen precipitation•Measurement of light rain•Improved PMW retrieval algorithms over land•Improved precipitation measurements in mid-

and high-latitudes in cold seasons•HF channels on GPM Core enabling the testing

and evaluation of constellation PMW algorithms using the DPR

Radar reflectivity composite of the March 5-6, 2001 New England blizzard (75 cm of snow fell on Burlington, VT)

Surface effects evident over the Great Lakes, the St. Lawrence River, and along the Atlantic coast. Cannot distinguish surface from cloud effects.

Surface effects screened by water vapor. Snowfall appears over New England as low brightness temperatures

G. Skofronick-Jackson et al. (GSFC)

183.3±1 GHz

Weighting FunctionsWeighting Functions

183.3±3 GHz

183.3±7 GHz150 GHz

89 GHzSENSITIVITY

HE

IGH

T(k

m)

AMSU-B 89 GHz AMSU-B 183.3 ± 7 GHz

NOAA NEXRAD Data Snow Retrieval

g m3

Feasibility demonstration of snowfall retrieval using HF channels

4 in/h


TRMMModels

SatelliteAircraft

RESEARCHSYNERGY


• Joint partnership with NOAA HRD• Blending of in situ and satellite data sets• Improved parameterization of models• Data assimilation to improve models• Technology testbed (i.e. ER-2 dropsonde, Aerosonde)

CAMEX-3•Inner core dynamics•Synoptic flow environment•Landfalling intensity change•Genesis environment CAMEX-4

•Rapid intensification•Storm movement•Structure and dynamics•Scale interactions•Remote sensing techniques

TCSP•Genesis in EPAC, GOMEX, ATL•Rapid intensification•Easterly wave dynamics•Satellite cal/val

NASA’s Heritage of Hurricane Research Field Programs

105th GPM International Planning Workshop, November 7-9, 2005 H E A D Q U A R T E R SAMSR-E

PrecipitationRadar

LightningImaging SensorMODIS

TRMMMicrowaveImager

ER-2 Doppler Radar

Advanced MicrowavePrecipitation Radiometer

NASA ER-2:Virtual Satellite


Distance - 210 miles

Hei

ght -

60,0

00 fe

et

east west

Rai

n In

tens

ity

heavy

light

ER-2 Doppler Radar (EDOP) Views Detailed Super-Anatomy Of Intense Hurricane Emily During NASA’s TCSP Experiment

• High impact (strong category) storm during US landfall• Strongest hurricane ever overflown by a NASA research aircraft• Deepest “hot tower” ever imaged by the ER-2 airborne Doppler radar

Preliminary Data

EYEEYEWALL INTENSEEYEWALL THUNDERSTORM


NASA MultiNASA Multi--Satellite Precipitation Analysis (MPA) ofSatellite Precipitation Analysis (MPA) ofHurricane KatrinaHurricane Katrina’’s Rain Accumulations Rain Accumulationhttp://http://trmm.gsfc.nasa.govtrmm.gsfc.nasa.gov

♦ Rain history of Katrina from genesisover Bahamas to her extratropicaltransition over theOhio Valley

♦ Heaviest rains fellas the storm wasCat 1 during and after landfall oversouth Florida

♦ Rain swath wideneddramatically as thestorm intensifiedto Cat 5

♦ Rapid forward speedlimited inland rainaccumulations

♦ Rain swath traces abroad arc around the western flankof the Atlantic subtropical ridge


ESS Planned Hurricane Field Campaign: NAMMA-06

• Out of Africa: African Easterly Waves are the progenitors of many late-season,strong category hurricanes that strike the U.S.

• Leverages off AMMA SOP-3 and will be based in Cape Verde• Multidisciplinary approach involving Weather, Water & Energy, Composition foci• Partnering with European consortium, NOAA HRD• NAMMA-06 science in line with CCSP objectives• Platforms to include DC-8, Aerosonde, TOGA & NPOL radars, micropulse lidars

African SAL: Impact on tropical cyclogenesis - hypothesize to be a hurricane suppressant, in an ocean marginally suitable for hurricane generation; examine SAL impact on microphyiscs, thermodynamic instability, shear,airmass dessication


Status •Technical

– Formulation Phase (Phase B) continues with emphasis on preliminary design– GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) development proceeding.

• Contract awarded to Ball Aerospace Technologies Corporation• High frequency capability (163 GHz and 183 GHz) approved• Delivery in 2009

– Joint industry and government implementation approach for Core Spacecraft• RFI responses for avionics package due November 3rd• Followed by RFO and 7 month multi-vendor study

– JAXA Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar development proceeding• KuPR engineering model in development• KaPR engineering model undergoing testing

•Budget– NASA’s FY2006 proposed budget funds GPM at $24M in FY2006

• Agency is currently operating under a Continuing Resolution•International Partnerships

– NASA-JAXA Formulation Phase Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed and implemented in July 2005

– 2nd International Ground Validation Workshop held in September 2005


Near-Term Goals•Complete mission preliminary design – FY06

– Satellites, instruments, and ground system

•Confirm Mission – FY07– Formal approval to implement

•Mature International Partnerships – FY06-07

•Mature Inter-Agency Partnerships – FY06-07


NRC Decadal Survey Interim Report*

•Recommendation – “The Committee recommends the Global Precipitation Measurement mission be launched without further delays.” (p. ES-3)

•NASA Response – “NASA agrees, and will work to fund the earliest practicable launch date in the FY07 budget request.”

* Earth Science and Applications from Space: Urgent Needs and Opportunities to Serve the Nation, The National Academies Press, 2005.


ScheduleFY01 FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY122 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

FY:Quarterly:

NASA Project Milestones

External Interface Milestones

DPR Development

GMI Procurement Release

S/C & Instrument Accom Studies & Prelim Design

GMI Design, Build & Test

Core RSDO Competing Studies (Avionics)Multi-Vendor Phase B Studies (RFO Prep & Selection ~4months)

RSDO Avionic Buy

Core Observatory (In-House)

Constellation IMDC StudyConstellation RSDO Multi-vendor Study

Constellation Spacecraft (RSDO Buy)

Ground System/ Mission Operations

Precipitation Processing System

Ground Validation

AdvStudy

StatusRev

SRRSCR Industrial Day

SDR

Mission PDR

MCRRMCR Mission

CDRMRR

Core Launch

Formulation MOUDevelopment

MOUFinal JAXA/NASA PIP

Draft JAXA/NASA PIP NASA/NSPO Concept Paper

PRR DRR #1 DRR #2

InterfacePDR

Interface CDR

PQR/PSR

Delivery

ASM RFP

Prop

BAFOContract Award

IBRPDR

CDR

Fab, Assy & Test

Unit 1Delivery

Unit 2Delivery

RFI

RFOVendor Selection

ADR

SelectionAvionicsDelivery

S/C PDR S/C CDRS/CI&T

Instr.I&T

Ship toJapan

CoreLaunch

PDR CDRS/C I&T

ObsI&T

Ship to VAFB LRD

PDR CDR I&T Release

MOR Final ReleasePDR CDR

Build 1

Build 2 Build 3

Ops BuildReqt'sRev

Peer Review

PDR

Prototype-1 CDR Build 1 Build 2 Build 3

GV Sites Operational

Status: 10/20/05

Prototype-2


TRMM Status

•NASA has extended TRMM science operations through FY2009. Further extension may be considered.

•The decision was based on the expected benefits of continued operational use of TRMM data in the monitoring and forecasting hazardous weather. In addition, there will be significant additional benefits to a broad range of global scientific research activities underway using TRMM data.

•NASA coordinated closely with JAXA on the decision per the Memorandum of Understanding and JAXA provided a statement of support for TRMM's extension.

• NASA will assume the costs of the extended operation.

•If all the fuel on board is used to maintain science operations,TRMM data could be available into 2012, providing the potential for overlap with GPM.

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