Global Integrity Report 2008 - Russia

8/8/2019 Global Integrity Report 2008 - Russia

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Global Integrity Scorecard:

Russia

2008


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Reporter's Notebook: Russia

By Galina Stolyarova

Timur has dark skin. He cuts his hair short and wears a few days' worth of stubble. He could pass for aChechen. As a result, he often gets stopped in the street for identity checks by the police during"anti-terrorist" crackdowns. If he leaves his identification card at home, a 500-ruble (US$20) sweetenerwill soon see him on his way. He calls it a "foreigner tax."

"Real Chechens have to pay twice as much," he once said. He made that discovery at the policestation when an unusually diligent police officer took him in to verify his ID.

A Clean Crusade Against Graft

Timur's case is not unique. In the Russian Federation, corruption has penetrated all spheres of life: itthrives in schools and universities, clinics and hospitals, municipalities, parliaments, police stations,and courts.

It is almost routine for people to have to bribe bureaucrats to obtain documents, register property orsecure a place for their children in school.

Experts roughly divide everyday bribes into two categories: "Survival bribes" are paid to the police or

in courts, medical institutions or universities when people feel cornered. "Comfort bribes" are given forthe sake of saving time and avoiding excessive bureaucracy to speed up the process of getting apassport or driver's license, for instance.

The existence and vast scope of corruption in Russia is officially and publicly recognized at all levels ofsociety, up to Kremlin politicians.

Fighting Corruption a Laughing Matter?

Shortly after taking office in May 2008, Russia's new President Dmitry Medvedev launched what hepromised would be a massive cleanup crusade, complete with the creation of a special task force atthe Russian General Prosecutor's Office.

But some question how Medvedev, who took power in a questionable election in a country whereopposition and watchdog voices are muffled, could ever be serious about such an effort.

Cleanups are doomed as long as Russia embraces politics that act as a hothouse for graft andchicanery. Corruption in modern Russia has become a key tool for the governing of the country.Political corruption when the very idea of elections is discredited, when parliament seats andgovernment jobs have a negotiable price is the most cynical form of corruption.

"Medvedev himself is the product of a highly corrupt system. In his speeches he denies that mediacensorship exists in Russia," Boris Vishnevsky, a member of the political council of the St. Petersburgbranch of the Russian United Democratic Party Yabloko (Rossiyskaya obyedinyonnayademokraticheskaya partiya Yabloko, RODP Yabloko), said.

With the March 2, 2008, presidential vote approaching, the name Medvedev was everywhere. Duringthat time, a revealing joke became hugely popular in the country, which perfectly captured an attitudeshared by a significant slice of the electorate.

As the joke goes, Russian authorities had devised a new ballot for the forthcoming presidential

elections. The slip contained one question: "Do you object to Dmitry Medvedev becoming the nextpresident of the Russian Federation?" The voter was asked to select one of two options: "YES, I donot object" or "NO, I do not object."

Indeed, during the campaign Russian towns were festooned with gigantic billboards showing Putinwalking with Medvedev arm in arm under the slogan, "Together we will win."

In statements about the need to fight corruption, President Medvedev has never mentioned the role ofindependent organizations, real political competition, or the media.

"Medvedev does set up specific deadlines for developing anti-corruption legislation, the forming of


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responsible commissions, and preparation of analytical reports. But the rhetoric that he uses is notnew, and, like his predecessors, Medvedev looks set to resort to authoritarian methods for thispurpose," Kirill Kabanov, head of Russia's Anti-Corruption Committee, said. "The biggest question isthe team. Responsibility for combating corruption lies with the same bureaucrats who have beencomfortable taking bribes."

Troubled Elections

Recent election campaigns were marked by the massive use of what Russian experts call"administrative resource," not just state privileges like cars, drivers and dachas (country cottages), butunlimited power to push decisions benefiting a narrow circle in the political elite and the ability tolimitlessly brainwash the Russian people through nationwide television channels, all of which are nowunder state control.

While state executives are forbidden from endorsing any party during election campaigns in themedia, public statements referring to a party could be seen as a passing reference, as long as theofficials do not directly call for support of a specific party.

In 2002, Russia's State Duma passed a measure, proposed by Yabloko, which stipulated thatgovernors and other top-ranking officials who are placed on a political party list must take a break fromtheir duties for the duration of an election campaign. The amendment sought to prevent the use of thegovernment and state resources to support party aims.

But in 2006, the pro-Putin United Russia Party (Yedinaya Rossiya), which holds an overwhelmingmajority in the Russian Parliament, nullified the amendment. This move gave a green light to the

parovoz(steam train) strategy, when regional governors are placed on the party list to pull in votes,like a railway engine pulling carriages and then retiring to a siding. Many critics believe this encouragespolitical corruption.

St. Petersburg journalist Viktoria Rabotnova said the director of her daughter's kindergarten told herthat if the United Russia party performed badly in the December 2007 Duma elections, the schoolwould suffer and its overstretched budget would not cover the mending of a leaking roof or installationof new windows.

"Naturally, they can't check exactly who I vote for but they're appealing to my mother's instincts. Whoon Earth would put their children at risk during the freezing Russian winter?" Viktoria asked.

Bogged Down in Bureaucracy

Officials say they are going to start fighting graft by improving legislation. Alexander Buksman,Russia's first deputy prosecutor general, said first steps will introduce an obligatory anti-corruptionreview of all laws passed in the country and incorporate international anti-corruption conventions,which have been ratified by Russia, into the country's laws.

Buksman said President Medvedev has urged the State Duma to develop and pass an anti-graftpackage by the end of 2008, adding that the very definition of "corruption" is still lacking in Russianlaw.

However, Medvedev's much-advertised crusade against graft appears to be little more than a publicrelations campaign.

Yury Vdovin, a co-chairman of the St. Petersburg-based human rights group Citizens' Watch( Grazhdanskii Kontrol), links Russia's rampant corruption, which he contends has increased steadily

over the past 10 years, to the high and ever-increasing number of bureaucrats in the country. "Thereare 5 million state officials in Russia," he said, "or one official for every 28 people. With the arrival ofthe new anti-corruption body, there will simply be even more of them."

It is not that Russia does not have the right laws. In 1996, President Boris Yeltsin decreed that that anymedia report alleging corruption by a state official must result in a prompt investigation supervised bytop officials in the relevant ministry. This useful measure would surely help in the fight againstcorruption, if only it were not widely ignored.

Worse, Russian journalists are finding new reasons to be concerned. Under a series of new changesto Russian legislation, a mere stroke of the pen will brand any media report critical of the Kremlin as


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"public slander of state officials." Those responsible will be at risk of up to three years in prison.

A true, state-run anti-corruption organization must be transparent and accountable, not only to thehead of state but to that country's citizens. A civil control mechanism must also exist, includingaccountability for officials, transparent contract processes, and clear-cut hiring policies. Thismechanism should not include the appointment of governors and other executives, or fixed-termcontracts for government executives. Otherwise, this campaign will degenerate into more infighting

among the powerful.Until corrupt officials are punished as robustly as common criminals, the talk about fighting corruptionin Russia remains so much hot air.


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December 2000 for lack of evidence, but Swiss authorities continue their investigation of Borodin, whois convicted of money laundering in March 2002 by a Swiss court.

December 1999 Alexander Nikitin is acquitted of espionage charges arising from his reporting onenvironmental hazards posed by the Russian Navy's nuclear fleet.

March 2000 Former FSB chief Vladimir Putin is elected president. He grants prosecutorialimmunity to Yeltsin and his immediate family, who are being investigated for their role in an allegedbribery/money-laundering scheme involving Kremlin repair contractors.

May 2000 Igor Domnikov, a prominent journalist from Novaya Gazeta, is brutally attacked and diestwo months later. In August of 2007, several suspects are arrested in connection with his murder.

July 2000 In a national address, Putin announces he will clamp down on the oligarchs andrebellious regional governors. In the days that follow, the tax police pursue criminal actions againstRussian oil giant Lukoil, press and broadcasting conglomerate Media-Most, car manufacturer Avtovazand financial conglomerate Interros. The audit chamber of the Parliament launches an investigation ofelectric monopoly UES.

February 2001 The state-controlled gas monopoly, Gazprom, wins a controlling interest in NTV,one of Russia's last privately owned national television stations and a staunch critic of President Putin.

March 2001 Atomic Energy Minister Yevgeny Adamov resigns when the Duma investigates

whether a company he established profited from U.S. government contracts to improve Russiannuclear plant safety.

May 2001 President Putin heeds calls to reform Gazprom's corrupt management by firing Gazpromhead Rem Vyakhirev, a powerful holdover from the Yeltsin era.

July 2001 The Law on Political Parties imposes new requirements and restrictions on politicalparties. Over the next year and a half, the Parliament passes other laws that increase the power ofpolitical parties and regulate campaign finance, electoral procedure and media coverage of elections.

December 2001 Parliament targets corruption in the court system, approving a fivefold increase injudges' salaries and limits on judges' immunity from corruption charges.

January 2002 Railways Minister Nikolai Aksyonenko is fired when the Duma Audit Chamberreports that, among other improprieties, his ministry fixed freight rates to benefit companies owned by

his son and nephew.January 2002 A court decision shuts down TV-6, Russia's last independent television network andfrequent critic of President Putin. TV-6 will continue operating as TVS until the government shuts itdown in June 2003, citing the station's financial and management problems.

July 2002 A new Russian code of criminal procedure provides greater judicial oversight of arrestsand searches, and gives new rights to suspects during pretrial detention and interrogation.

August 2002 President Putin issues a decree outlining a code of conduct for public officials,requiring them to obey the law, serve the public efficiently and courteously, remain politically neutraland avoid conflicts of interest.

October 2002 Chechen separatist rebels seize a Moscow theater and hold hundreds of patronshostage. The government's rescue effort results in the death of more than 160 people, includingalmost 130 hostages. President Putin vetoes a law passed soon afterward that greatly restricted themedia's ability to report on such events.

October 2002 Parliament adopts a money-laundering law that prompts the Financial Action TaskForce, an international body that monitors money laundering, to remove Russia from its blacklist.

November 2002 The Duma passes a draft law on anti-corruption, a bill that, for the first time inpost-Soviet Russia, defines the terms "corrupt act" and "bribery." It also extends criminal liability toindividuals in the government, military, and business communities as well as candidates for publicoffice and leaders of political parties, and requires top federal bureaucrats to make their financialinformation public every year.


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March 2003 President Putin restructures his security bureaucracy, expanding the powers of theFSB and establishing a new anti-drug trafficking agency. Putin also transfers the tax police's authorityto the Interior Ministry.

April 2003 Parliamentarian Sergei Yushenkov is gunned down at his home in Moscow, the thirdassassination of a major political figure since August 2002 and the ninth Member of Parliament to bemurdered since 1994.

July 2003 Georgy Oleinik, the Defense Ministry's former financial chief, is convicted of abuse ofoffice and sentenced to five years in prison for an improper sale of Defense Ministry domestic bonds.In a separate case in 2002, Oleinik was convicted of misappropriating US$450 million.

October 2003 Mikhail Khodorkovsky, regarded as the richest man in Russia and a major financer ofthe reformist Yabloko Party, is arrested on fraud, forgery, embezzlement, and tax evasion charges.Khodorkovsky is convicted and sentenced to nine years in prison in May 2005.

October 2003 The Constitutional Court strikes down a law that allowed the government to closedown media outlets providing "biased" coverage of elections.

December 2003 The United Russia Party wins a landslide victory in parliamentary elections,handing President Putin an overwhelmingly supportive legislature.

February 2004 Members of the Association of Small Businesses and human rights organizations

form "Antikorruptsiya," an anti-corruption association that will pose questions to various public officials,publish the responses (or lack thereof) in the mass media and, if necessary, take cases to court.

March 2004 Putin wins a second presidential term.

April 2004 Parliament establishes a special anti-corruption commission to handle citizens'complaints and review legislation for flaws that might invite corruption.

September 2004 More than 300 people, mostly children, are killed during Chechen militants'three-day siege of a school in southern Russia. In the aftermath, Putin makes regional governors, whohad previously been directly elected, subject to appointment and confirmation by the centralgovernment.

July 2005 A Russian think-tank study finds that bribery in Russia has increased tenfold since 2001,totaling US$316 billion a year.

July 2005 Former Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov is charged with fraudulently acquiring propertyshortly before he was ousted by Putin in 2004. The charges are believed to be retaliation againstKasyanov's frequent criticism of Putin.

October 2005 Oleg Alexeyev, deputy head of the Federal Tax Service's department of creditorganizations, and Alexei Mishin, a senior Central Bank official, are charged with receiving a US$5.3million bribe.

January 2006 Putin signs a law giving authorities sweeping new powers to monitor and punishNGOs.

May 2006 Putin fires the head of the customs service and several other security agency officials,ostensibly to rid his government of corruption.

July 2006 Putin fires Alexei Barinov, governor of the Nenets autonomous district, after Barinov is

arrested and charged with fraud and embezzlement while serving as CEO of a mining company in thelate 1990s.

October 2006 Anna Politkovskaya, a journalist known for her critical articles on the government'sactions in Chechnya, is found dead in Moscow. An investigation leads to the arrests of 11 suspects inAugust 2007, including several officials from the Federal Security Service (FSB) and Interior Ministry.

November 2006 Former Russian Security Service Officer Aleksandr Litvinenko dies in Londonafter being poisoned by a radioactive substance. In 2007, diplomatic tension between London andMoscow rises after Britain asks for the extradition of Andrei Lugovoi, an ex-KGB agent accused of MrLitvinenko's murder, to the United Kingdom. The Kremlin refuses, citing the Russian constitution's ban


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on extradition.

April 2007 Boris Yeltsin, former president of Russia, dies.

December 2007 The United Russia Party wins another landslide victory in parliamentary elections,which were largely orchestrated by Putin's Kremlin to stifle opposition parties. Western groups criticizethe elections for being undemocratic. Andrei Lugovoi, the main suspect wanted by British officials forthe 2006 murder of Alexander Litvinenko, wins a seat in the State Duma, a position which offersimmunity from prosecution.

March 2008 Dmitry Medvedev, first deputy prime minister to President Putin, wins a majority in thepresidential elections, becoming the third democratically-elected president of Russia since the fall ofthe Soviet Union. Medvedev openly commits to following the example of the past eight years underPresident Putin.

May 2008 Putin, who is constitutionally prevented from running for a third term, takes the position ofPrime Minister. This move draws speculation that Putin may still play a large role under the Medvedevgovernment as BBC reports "Mr. Putin's moveto the premiershipwill ensure he remains at theheart of power."


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Russia: Facts

The Global Integrity Report provides a mix of qualitative and quantitative information. To encouragecomparisons between our data and other international datasets, we have collected a listing of some ofour favorite third-party datasets below. We encourage our readers to use this data to makecomparisons to the Integrity Indicators, and to use our source data in their original research. If you

have done work based on the Integrity Indicators, or are considering it, we want to hear from you.Press Freedom IndexAssessment of how free media is at the national level. Source: Freedom House. More Recent YearPublished: 2008.Year Data Gathered: 2007. Methodology: Expert Assessment, Scale from 0(best) to 100 (worst).

Economic Freedom IndexAssesses the degree of market-oriented freedoms in a country at the national level. Source: HeritageFoundation. Most Recent Year Published: 2008.Year Data Gathered: Second half of 2006 and firsthalf of 2007. Methodology: Composite data from various sources, Scale from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).

Human Development IndexMeasures achievement in three basic dimensions of human development (life expectancy, educationallevel, and GDP per capita) at the national level. Source: United Nations Development Programme. Mos

Most Recent Year Published: 2007.Year Data Gathered: 2005. Methodology: Composite datafrom various sources, Scale from 0 (worst) to 1 (best).

Bribe Payers IndexAssessment of the propensity of firms to bribe when operating abroad. Source: TransparencyInternational. Most Recent Year Published: 2006.Year Data Gathered: 2006. Methodology:Original business firm survey, Scale from 0 (worst) to 10 (best).

Corruption Perceptions IndexMeasures the perception of the level of corruption in countries at the national level. Source:Transparency International. Most Recent Year Published: 2008.Year Data Gathered: 2007 and2008. Methodology: Composite data from various sources, Scale from 0 (worst) to 10 (best).

Open Budget IndexAssesses how open, transparent, and accessible national budgets are to their citizens. Source:

International Budget Partnership. Most Recent Year Published: 2006.Year Data Gathered: 2005;Methodology: Expert Assessment, Scale from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).

Failed States IndexAggregates three types of indicators (social, political and economic) which are believed to cause statefailure (e.g. massive movement of refugees, internally displaced persons creating complexhumanitarian emergencies, etc.). Source: Fund for Peace. Most Recent Year Published: 2008.

Year Data Gathered: 2007. Methodology: Composite data from various sources utilizing a softwaretool that indexes and scans international and local media reports and other public documents forkeywords, low (best) to high (worst).

Worldwide Governance Indicators: Control of CorruptionMeasures the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grandforms of corruption, as well as "capture" of the state by elites and private interests. Source WorldBank In:stitute. Most Recent Year Published: 2008.Year Data Gathered: 2007 and 2008.

Methodology: Composite data from various sources, Scale from -2.5 (worst) to 2.5 (best).

Worldwide Governance Indicators: Voice and AccountabilityMeasures the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government,as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media. Source: World BankInstitute. Most Recent Year Published: 2008.Year Data Gathered: 2007 and 2008. Methodology:Composite data from various sources, Scale from -2.5 (worst) to 2.5 (best).

GDP Per Capita (PPP)Gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita. Source: International
http://www.globalintegrity.org/contact.cfmhttp://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=362http://www.heritage.org/Index/http://hdrstats.undp.org/indicators/1.htmlhttp://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/bpi/bpi_2006http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2008http://www.openbudgetindex.org/http://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=292&Itemid=452http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asphttp://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asphttp://imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/02/weodata/index.aspxhttp://imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/02/weodata/index.aspxhttp://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asphttp://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asphttp://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=292&Itemid=452http://www.openbudgetindex.org/http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2008http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/bpi/bpi_2006http://hdrstats.undp.org/indicators/1.htmlhttp://www.heritage.org/Index/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=362http://www.globalintegrity.org/contact.cfm


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Monetary Fund. Most Recent Year Published: 2008.Year Data Gathered: 2007. Methodology:Official government data.

Foreign Aid Per Capita (USD)A measure of aid per capita, which includes both official development assistance (ODA) and officialaid, and is calculated by dividing total aid by the midyear population estimate. Source: World Bank.Most Recent Year Published: 2007.Year Data Gathered: 2006. Methodology: Composite data

from official government data, Scale from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).Unemployment Total (% of labor force)A measure of the estimated unemployment rate. Source: World Bank. Most Recent Year Published:2007.Year Data Gathered: 2005. Methodology: Official government data, Scale from 0 (best) to 100(worst).

Gross External Debt (USD millions)Calculation consists of all loans and other types of borrowing (such as bonds and export credits) bythe debtor owed to non-residents of the economy. Source: World Bank. Most Recent YearPublished: 2007.Year Data Gathered: 2005. Methodology: Composite data from officialgovernment data.

Poverty RateA measure of the percentage of the population living below the poverty line. Source: World Bank.

Most Recent Year Published: 2007.Year Data Gathered: Latest available data from period 1990 to2004. Methodology: Official government data, Scale from 0 (best) to 100 (worst).

Gini IndexThe Gini coefficient measures income inequality at the national level. Source: World Bank. MostRecent Year Published: 2007.Year Data Gathered: unavailable. Methodology: Official governmentdata, Scale from 0 (perfect equality) to 100 (absolute inequality).

Foreign Direct Investment, Net Inflows (as % of GDP)Calculations based on World Bank data on foreign direct investment. Source: World Bank. MostRecent Year Published: 2007.Year Data Gathered: 2005. Methodology: Official government data,Scale from 0 (low) to 100 (high).

Life ExpectancyAnnual estimate of life expectancy at birth at the national level. Source: United Nations. Most Recent

Year Published: 2007.Year Data Gathered: 2006. Methodology: Official government data, Scalefrom 0 (worst) to 100 (best).

Legatum Prosperity Index (Economic Competitiveness)Measures factors that help to create economic growth and wealth accumulation. Source: LegatumInstitute. Most Recent Year Published: 2008.Year Data Gathered: 2008. Methodology: Compositedata from various sources, Scale from low (worst) to high (best).

Legatum Prosperity Index (Comparative Liveability)Measures individual well-being of a country's citizens. Source: Legatum Institute. Most Recent YearPublished: 2008.Year Data Gathered: 2008. Methodology: Composite data from various sources,Scale from low (worst) to high (best).

Religious FreedomAssesses the degree of religious freedom at the national level in a country. Source: CIRI Human

Rights Data Project. Most Recent Year Published: 2004.Year Data Gathered: 2003. Methodology:Expert assessment, 0 (government places some restrictions on religious practices) and 1 (governmentplaces no restrictions on religious practices).
http://go.worldbank.org/IIZPWQL7Y0http://go.worldbank.org/X9FIYJEF10http://go.worldbank.org/6ACHOW9C01http://hdrstats.undp.org/indicators/25.htmlhttp://hdrstats.undp.org/indicators/147.htmlhttp://hdrstats.undp.org/indicators/174.htmlhttp://hdrstats.undp.org/indicators/2.htmlhttp://www.prosperity.com/ranking.aspxhttp://www.prosperity.com/ranking.aspxhttp://ciri.binghamton.edu/index.asphttp://ciri.binghamton.edu/index.asphttp://www.prosperity.com/ranking.aspxhttp://www.prosperity.com/ranking.aspxhttp://hdrstats.undp.org/indicators/2.htmlhttp://hdrstats.undp.org/indicators/174.htmlhttp://hdrstats.undp.org/indicators/147.htmlhttp://hdrstats.undp.org/indicators/25.htmlhttp://go.worldbank.org/6ACHOW9C01http://go.worldbank.org/X9FIYJEF10http://go.worldbank.org/IIZPWQL7Y0


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Russia: Integrity Indicators Scorecard

Overall Score: 69 - Weak

Category I Civil Society, Public Information and Media 66 Weak

I-1 Civil Society Organizations 81 Strong

I-2 Media 70 Weak

I-3 Public Access to Information 48 Very Weak

Category II Elections 77 Moderate

II-1 Voting & Citizen Participation 81 Strong

II-2 Election Integrity 74 Moderate

II-3 Political Financing 75 Moderate

Category III Government Accountability 59 Very Weak

III-1 Executive Accountability 66 Weak

III-2 Legislative Accountability 54 Very Weak

III-3 Judicial Accountability 40 Very Weak

III-4 Budget Processes 75 Moderate

Category IV Administration and Civil Service 58 Very WeakIV-1 Civil Service Regulations 60 Very Weak

IV-2 Whistle-blowing Measures 2 Very Weak

IV-3 Procurement 88 Strong

IV-4 Privatization 84 Strong

Category V Oversight and Regulation 80 Strong

V-1 National Ombudsman 87 Strong

V-2 Supreme Audit Institution 91 Very Strong

V-3 Taxes and Customs 71 ModerateV-4 State-Owned Enterprises 85 Strong

V-5 Business Licensing and Regulation 69 Weak

Category VI Anti-Corruption and Rule of Law 74 Moderate

VI-1 Anti-Corruption Law 89 Strong


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VI-2 Anti-Corruption Agency 72 Moderate

VI-3 Rule of Law 69 Weak

VI-4 Law Enforcement 67 Weak


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1: Are anti-corruption/good governance CSOs legally protected?

1a In law, citizens have a right to form civil society organizations (CSOs) focused on

anti-corruption or good governance.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


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1b In law, anti-corruption/good governance CSOs are free to accept funding from any

foreign or domestic sources.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav080108.shtmlhttp://www.rg.ru/2006/01/17/nko-poryadok-dok.htmlhttp://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2007/06/07/127123


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1c In law, anti-corruption/good governance CSOs are required to disclose their sources offunding.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


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2: Are good governance/anti-corruption CSOs able to operate freely?

2a In practice, the government does not create barriers to the organization of new

anti-corruption/good governance CSOs.

Score: 25

References:
http://www.gazeta.ru/http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=796618&NodesID=7http://www.newizv.ru/news/2007-08-29/75154/http://www.ng.ru/politics/2007-08-20/3_likvidacia.htmlhttp://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Russia1.htm


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Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.vremya.ru/2008/25/4/197842.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/regions/2008-02-06/7_ural.html


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2b In practice, anti-corruption/good governance CSOs actively engage in the polit ical and

policymaking process.Score: 25

References:
http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/02/21/003.htmlhttp://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2008/02/19/russia18101.htm


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Social Scientist'sComments:
http://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-03-21/4_nko.htmlhttp://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-03-13/86350/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/02/21/003.html


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2c In practice, no anti-corruption/good governance CSOs have been shut down by the

government for their work on corruption-related issues during the study period.

Score: YES


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References:
http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/05/28/149590http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/600/42/367777.htmhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=871349&NodesID=6http://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/362159.htmhttp://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-04-17/1_nko.html?mthree=2http://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-04-09/88113/http://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-06-09/1_nko.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=883402http://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-04-15/4_nko.htmlhttp://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-10-23/100384/http://openinform.ru/news/pursuit/24.03.2008/8500http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/53/11.htmlhttp://www.vremya.ru/2008/54/51/200857.htmlhttp://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-04-01/87563/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/03/21/011.htmlhttp://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/03/21/011.htmlhttp://www.politeia.ru/seminar.php?2008-02-28


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Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/371092.htmhttp://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2008/06/10_a_2749952.shtmlhttp://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/05/28/149590


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Peer Reviewer's Comments :


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3: Are civil society activists safe when working on corruption issues?

3a In practice, in the past year, no civil society activists working on corruption issues have

been imprisoned.

Score: YES

References:

3b In practice, in the past year, no civil society activists working on corrupt ion issues have

been physically harmed.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

3c In practice, in the past year, no civil society activists working on corruption issues have

been killed.

Score: YES

References:
http://www.gdf.ru/monitor/index.shtml


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4: Can cit izens organize into trade unions?

4a In law, citizens have a right to organize into trade unions.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/04/03/007.htmlhttp://www.vremya.ru/2008/51/51/200502.htmlhttp://www.eurasianhome.org/http://www.eurasianhome.org/


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4b In practice, citizens are able to organize into trade unions.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/02/05/140988http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2007/09/26/133313http://en.novayagazeta.ru/data/2007/64/01.htmlhttp://en.novayagazeta.ru/data/2007/63/01.htmlhttp://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2007/08/21/131353http://www.smoney.ru/article.shtml?2007/08/20/3626http://fnpr.org.ru/http://www.trud.org/


37/334


38/334


39/334


40/334


41/334

5: Are media and free speech protected?

5a In law, freedom of the media is guaranteed.

Score: YES

References:
http://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/03/14/011.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-03-13/4_society.htmlhttp://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2007/100581.htmhttp://www.svobodainfo.org/info/page/eng?tid=633200090&nd=458211757


42/334
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=891770http://www.ng.ru/regions/2008-04-14/8_taganrog.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/regions/2008-04-14/8_taganrog.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-06-09/1_nko.htmlhttp://www.vremya.ru/2008/195/51/215212.htmlhttp://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-09-02/97135/http://www.vremya.ru/2008/160/4/211731.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1017209&NodesID=7http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-08-19/96272/http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2008/10/28_a_2867527.shtmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=902264http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=899250http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/362870.htmhttp://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/362870.htmhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=887088http://www.vremya.ru/2008/82/51/203738.htmlhttp://www.zakon.kz/our/news/news.asp?id=30185758


43/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:


44/334


45/334


46/334


47/334


48/334

5b In law, freedom of speech is guaranteed.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/76025/


49/334


50/334

6: Are citizens able to form print media entities?

6a In practice, the government does not create barriers to form a print media entity.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

6b In law, where a print media license is necessary, there is an appeal mechanism if a

license is denied or revoked.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=885170


51/334

6c In practice, where necessary, citizens can obtain a prin t media license within a

reasonable time period.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

6d In practice, where necessary, citizens can obtain a print media license at a reasonable

cost.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.infinity-group.ru/certificate.htmhttp://www.infinity-group.ru/certificate.htmhttp://www.telekon.ru/service/detail.php?ID=994http://www.telekon.ru/service/http://www.rsoc.ru/.cmsc/upload/documents/20080903150793o.dochttp://www.yurcom.ru/svidetelstv_smi/http://www.rsoc.ru/main/directions/rwork/smi/


52/334

7: Are cit izens able to form broadcast (radio and TV) media entities?

7a In practice, the government does not create barriers to form a broadcast (radio and TV)

media entity.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

7b In law, where a broadcast (radio and TV) media license is necessary, there is an appeal

mechanism if a license is denied or revoked.

Score: YES

References:
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=885170http://www.rsoc.ru/site/news/?id_news=1414http://www.rsoc.ru/site/news/?id_news=1392http://www.broadcasting.ru/newstext.php?news_id=35223http://www.broadcasting.ru/newstext.php?news_id=30971http://www.broadcasting.ru/newstext.php?news_id=35630http://www.infinity-group.ru/certificate.htmhttp://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/857/49/193879.htmhttp://www.telekon.ru/service/detail.php?ID=994http://www.telekon.ru/service/


53/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:


7c In practice, where necessary, citizens can obtain a broadcast (radio and TV) media

license within a reasonable time period.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.broadcasting.ru/newstext.php?news_id=3153http://www.rsoc.ru/site/news/?id_news=1467http://www.rsoc.ru/main/directions/lic/radio/http://www.delso.ru/info.details.asp?Id=555http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2009/01/21/177825http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/05/13/148213http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=885170


54/334

7d In practice, where necessary, citizens can obtain a broadcast (radio and TV) media

license at a reasonable cost.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.broadcasting.ru/newstext.php?news_id=3153http://www.telekon.ru/docs/catalog.php?BID=36http://www.telekon.ru/service/detail.php?ID=995http://www.rsoc.ru/main/directions/lic/radio/


55/334

8: Can citizens freely use the Internet?

8a In practice, the government does not prevent citizens from accessing content pub lished

on-line.

Score: 75

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.res.ethz.ch/analysis/rad/details.cfm?lng=en&id=39831


56/334


57/334
http://[email protected]/http://www.diary.ru/http://www.diary.ru/http://www.liveinternet.ru/http://www.livejournal.com/


58/334


59/334


60/334

8b In practice, the government does not censor citizens creating content on-line.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/03/13/014.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-06-09/1_nko.htmlhttp://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-10-29/100741/http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/369852.htm


61/334


62/334

9: Are the media able to report on corrupt ion?

9a In law, it is l egal to report accurate news even if it damages the reputation of a public

figure.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=887088http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/14/AR2008091402249.htmlhttp://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/09/22/080922fa_fact_remnick?printable=truehttp://www.rsoc.ru/main/directions/contr/smi/http://www.rsoc.ru/.cmsc/upload/documents/20081027145814Lx.dochttp://www.rsoc.ru/.cmsc/upload/documents/20080117170712Yv.dochttp://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/64/00.html


63/334

9b In practice, the government or media owners/distribution groups do not encourage

self-censorsh ip of corruption-related stories.

Score: 25

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

9c In practice, there is no prior government restraint (pre-publication censoring) on

publishing corruption-related stories.

Score: 25
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=902224http://www.ifex.org/


64/334

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-11-24/102051/http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1077888http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/372492.htmhttp://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/03/world/europe/03russia.html?_r=2&oref=slogin&oref=sloginhttp://www.newsru.com/russia/11feb2008/pozner.htmlhttp://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-02-27/85357/http://www.newizv.ru/news/2007-07-19/73071/http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=782738http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2007/20/08.htmlhttp://www.ifex.org/


65/334


66/334


67/334

10: Are the media credible sources of information?

10a In law, print media companies are required to publicly d isclose their ownership .

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

10b In law, broadcast (radio and TV) media companies are required to publ icly d isclose

their ownership.

Score: YES

References:
http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-03-19/86764http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/03/05/142977http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/02/18/053.html


68/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:

10c In practice, journalists and editors adhere to strict, professional practices in their

reporting.

Score: 25

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/fop08/OverviewEssay2008.pdf


69/334


70/334


71/334

10d In practice, during the most recent election, politi cal parties or independent candidates

received fair media coverage.

Score: 0

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.newizv.ru/news/2007-07-24/73293/http://www.ng.ru/ng_politics/2007-07-17/9_nebo.htmlhttp://www.vremya.ru/2007/130/4/183318.html


72/334

10e In practice, political parties and candidates have equitable access to state-owned

media outlets.

Score: 0


73/334

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gfhj1xEAOUfdXzINAsS-4AmSCaAAhttp://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/02/26/142344http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=852636http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/02/14/141667http://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-02-05/3_churov.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-01-21/1_tcik.htmlhttp://www.newsru.com/russia/21jan2008/cik_kprf.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=852698&NodesID=2http://www.memo98.sk/en/index.php?base=data/foreign/rus/1204222397.txt


74/334


75/334

11: Are journalists safe when investigating corruption?

11a In practice, in the past year, no journalists investigating corruption have been

imprisoned.

Score: NO

References:
http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-02-05/83894/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/55/03.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/regions/2008-04-02/6_soft.htmlhttp://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/04/07/011.htmlhttp://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/02/29/011.htmlhttp://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/02/28/011.htmlhttp://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-03-17/86518/http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-01-15/82604/http://www.russiatoday.ru/http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=817650


76/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:


77/334


78/334


79/334


11b In practice, in the past year, no journalists investigating corruption have been

physically harmed.

Score: YES

References:
http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/372447.htmhttp://www.rg.ru/2008/11/17/beketov-sledstvie.htmlhttp://www.rg.ru/2008/11/17/beketov.htmlhttp://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/372401.htmhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/nov/24/anna-politkovskaya-russia-press-freedomhttp://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=862856http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=846678http://www.rg.ru/2008/01/15/zhurnalisty.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/27/world/europe/27pavlov.html?_r=3&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin


80/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1080992&NodesID=7http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/372649.htmhttp://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/85/19.htmlhttp://www.newsru.com/russia/19nov2008/ukazali.htmlhttp://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/372447.htm


81/334

11c In practice, in the past year, no journalists investigating corruption have been killed.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-02-06/83992/http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-02-06/83992/


82/334


83/334

12: Do citizens have a legal right of access to information?

12a In law, citizens have a right of access to government information and basic government

records.

Score: YES

References:
http://idealsandrights.wordpress.com/2008/11/07/public-access-to-information-in-russia/http://www.rg.ru/2007/08/15/sudyi.htmlhttp://sibirp.ru//attachments/mod_catalogue/11/file_1535.dochttp://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=808465http://www.rg.ru/2007/09/26/putin-ivanov.html


84/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-05-14/89932/http://www.vremya.ru/2008/21/4/197356.htmlhttp://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/04/08/145377http://corp.cnews.ru/news/top/index.shtml?2008/03/03/290373http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=879034http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/600/42/362508.htmhttp://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/04/08/014.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=877340http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=877358


85/334


86/334


87/334


88/334


89/334


90/334


91/334


92/334


93/334


12b In law, citizens have a right of appeal if access to a basic government record is denied.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

12c In law, there is an established institutional mechanism through which citizens can

request government records.

Score: NO

References:
http://sibirp.ru/journalist/law/


94/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:



95/334

13: Is the right of access to information effective?

13a In practice, citizens receive responses to access to information requests within a


Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/52/00.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/moscow/2008-06-11/8_info.htmlhttp://www.itartass.ur.ru/analit/inquest/?id=496http://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-08-26/96698/http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-04-29/89458/http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/362275.htmhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc-y.aspx?DocsID=850453http://www.kommersant.ru/doc-y.aspx?DocsID=850453http://www.svobodainfo.org/info/page/eng?tid=633200090&nd=458213029http://chinovnik.uapa.ru/modern/article.php?id=787http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/27/world/europe/27pavlov.html?_r=3&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=sloginhttp://www.freedominfo.org/documents/russia_report_summary.pdf


96/334



13b In practice, citizens can use the access to information mechanism at a reasonable cost.


97/334

Score: 50

References:


13c In practice, citizens can resolve appeals to access to in formation requests wi thin a


Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


13d In practice, citizens can resolve appeals to information requests at a reasonable cost.

Score: 50

References:
http://www.svobodainfo.org/info/page/eng?tid=633200090&nd=458207821http://www.transparency.org.ru/doc/ACCESS_TO_INFORMATION_IN_RUSSIA_2006_01252_6.dochttp://www.freedominfo.org/documents/russia_report_summary.pdfhttp://www.transparency.org.ru/doc/ACCESS_TO_INFORMATION_IN_RUSSIA_2006_01252_6.dochttp://www.freedominfo.org/documents/russia_report_summary.pdfhttp://www.freedominfo.org/documents/russia_report_summary.pdf


98/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:



13e In practice, the government gives reasons for denying an information request.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.transparency.org.ru/doc/ACCESS_TO_INFORMATION_IN_RUSSIA_2006_01252_6.dochttp://www.freedominfo.org/documents/russia_report_summary.pdfhttp://www.svobodainfo.org/info/page/eng?tid=633200090&nd=458207821


99/334



100/334

14: Is there a legal framework guaranteeing the right to vote?

14a In law, universal and equal adult suffrage is guaranteed to all citizens.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


101/334


102/334

14b In law, there is a legal framework requiring that elections be held at regular intervals.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


103/334

15: Can all ci tizens exercise their right to vote?

15a In practice, all adult citizens can vote.

Score: 100

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/03/05/016.htmlhttp://www.strana.ru/doc.html?id=91062http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-02-19/84879/http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/02/27/142432http://www.nr2.ru/ekb/160217.htmlhttp://www.admhmao.ru/power/izcom/zacon/zac_gar/zac_gar.htmhttp://www.admhmao.ru/power/izcom/zacon/zac_gar/zac_gar.htm


104/334

15b In practice, ballots are secret or equivalently protected.

Score: 50

References:
http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/83/27.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=842411&NodesID=2http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2007/11/29/137040http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/351886.htmhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=831896&NodesID=6http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2007/91/00.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/politics/2007-12-13/1_bulleten.htmlhttp://www.vremya.ru/2007/219/4/192955.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=830161&NodesID=2http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/351992.htmhttp://www.newsru.com/russia/27nov2007/talony.htmlhttp://www.admhmao.ru/power/izcom/zacon/zac_gar/zac_gar.htmhttp://www.admhmao.ru/power/izcom/zacon/zac_gar/zac_gar.htm


105/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:


106/334

15c In practice, elections are held accord ing to a regular schedule.

Score: 100

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.admhmao.ru/power/izcom/zacon/zacon_pr/zac_prez.htm


107/334

16: Are citizens able to participate equally in the polit ical process?

16a In law, all citizens have a right to form politi cal parties.

Score: YES

References:

16b In law, all citizens have a right to run for po litical office.

Score: YES

References:

16c In practice, all cit izens are able to form poli tical parties.

Score: 50

References:
http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-10-14/99755/http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-10-09/99448/http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-09-29/98771/http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/371326.htmhttp://www.gazeta.ru/comments/2008/09/10_x_2835580.shtmlhttp://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-09-12/97887/http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-10-21/100191/http://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-09-16/98073/http://www.vremya.ru/2008/166/4/212328.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=848019&NodesID=2http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-03-18/86661/


108/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:


109/334


110/334


111/334

16d In practice, all citizens can run for po litical office.

Score: 25

References:
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=849762http://www.golos.org/r69.html?page=podrubhttp://www.transparency.org.ru/proj_adm.asp


112/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=917363http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/03/06/014.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=882555http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/03/17/143666http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aDrx_qn.J0ZM&refer=homehttp://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-03-12/86247/http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/03/03/142761http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/03/03/002.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=864879http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-02-07/84079/http://www.vremya.ru/2008/30/4/198357.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1036453http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/72/15.htmlhttp://www.gazeta.ru/comments/2008/03/05_x_2658365.shtmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=849761http://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=849762


113/334


114/334


115/334

16e In practice, an opposition party is represented in the legislature.

Score: 25

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.vremya.ru/2008/3/4/195640.htmlhttp://www.klerk.ru/more/?95858http://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-12-01/1_transperency.html


116/334


117/334


118/334



119/334

17: Is there an election monitor ing agency or set of election monitoringagencies/entities?

17 In law, is there an election monitoring agency or set of election monitoring

agencies/entities?Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.cikrf.ru/eng/http://www.cikrf.ru/


120/334

18: Is the election monitor ing agency effective?

18a In law, the agency or set of agencies/entities is protected from political in terference.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

18b In practice, agency (or set o f agencies/entities) appointments are made that support the

independence of the agency.

Score: 25

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.ng.ru/ng_politics/2007-08-07/13_ivanchenko.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/ng_politics/2007-08-07/13_ivanchenko.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=793496&NodesID=2http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/02/27/142434


121/334

18c In practice, the agency or set o f agencies/entities has a professional, full-time staff.

Score: 75

References:
http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/05/29/149768http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/05/07/147804http://www.gazeta.ru/comments/2008/03/05_x_2658365.shtml


122/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:

18d In practice, the agency or set o f agencies/entities makes timely, public ly available

reports follow ing an election cycle.

Score: 75

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2008/07/16_a_2784297.shtmlhttp://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-07-24/3_journalists.htmlhttp://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/72/16.htmlhttp://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/72/16.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1027137http://www.gazeta.ru/comments/2008/08/31_x_2827308.shtmlhttp://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/03/21/144065http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/03/07/143154http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/elections2007/articles/1721555.shtmlhttp://www.cikrf.ru/politparty/finance/svodn_otchet_07.jsphttp://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2008/08/05_a_2801864.shtmlhttp://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/05/29/149768


123/334

18e In practice, when necessary, the agency or set of agencies/entities imposes penalties on

offenders.

Score: 25

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/03/21/144065http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/03/07/143154http://www.24rus.ru/more.php?UID=20517http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2007/81/05.htmlhttp://www.zaks.ru/new/archive/view/33597http://www.rosbaltsouth.ru/2007/10/12/421961.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=816657http://www.nr2.ru/policy/147200.htmlhttp://www.politrussia.ru/life/7511.html


124/334


125/334


126/334


127/334

19: Are elections systems transparent and effective?

19a In practice, there is a clear and transparent sys tem of voter registration.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

19b In law, election results can be contested through the judicial system.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

19c In practice, election results can be effectively appealed through the judicial system.

Score: 25

References:
http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/04/10/145629http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/04/18/146406http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/04/08/011.htmlhttp://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2008/01/30_a_2613093.shtmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=888541http://www.ng.ru/politics/2007-10-30/1_izuyatia.htmlhttp://www.samara.yabloko.ru/news/index.phtml?id=1828http://kprf.ru/tv/52524.htmlhttp://kprf.ru/vibory2007/chronicle/52603.htmlhttp://www.rg.ru/2007/11/02/partii.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=821360&NodesID=2http://www.votas.ru/techn.htmlhttp://gov.cap.ru/home/93/chebs_w/_razdel/_other/tik/low/polog_reg.htm


128/334
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=905929&NodesID=2http://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-09-26/3_kommunisty.htmlhttp://www.newsru.com/russia/11sep2008/cpcot.htmlhttp://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/08/04/157042http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=913021&NodesID=2http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/369003.htmhttp://www.newsru.com/russia/30jul2008/obrubili.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=908571http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/06/03/150161http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/05/20/148833http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2008/05/12_a_2722073.shtmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=864532&NodesID=2http://news.mail.ru/politics/1643826/http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/06/24/152307http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-06-09/91633/http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/06/05/150438http://www.vremya.ru/2008/99/4/205502.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=899907http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-05-27/90723/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/83/07.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-10-23/3_churov.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-04-01/3_bulleten.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-02-11/3_slepye.htmlhttp://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/05/08/147996http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=862857&NodesID=2http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/06/06/150626http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/36/05.htmlhttp://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-04-24/89155/http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/04/17/146316http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/04/10/145629


129/334


130/334

19d In practice, the military and security forces remain neutral during elections.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.newsru.com/russia/03mar2008/navynos2008.htmlhttp://www.newsru.com/russia/03mar2008/navynos2008.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=862374http://www.rg.ru/2008/02/20/cik-podgotovka.htmlhttp://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2007/63/15.html


131/334


19e In law, domestic and in ternational election observers are allowed to monitor elections.

Score: YES


132/334

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

19f In practice, election observers are able to effectively monitor elections.

Score: 50

References:
http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/850/49/193368.htmhttp://www.kommersant.com/p817834/Moscow_not_in_a_hurry_to_invite_observers/http://www.rg.ru/2007/01/10/referendum-dok.htmlhttp://www.rg.ru/2007/07/25/vybory-popravka-dok.htmlhttp://www.rg.ru/2005/05/24/vybory-doc.htmlhttp://www.rg.ru/2005/05/24/vybory-doc.html


133/334
http://www.vremya.ru/2008/138/4/209603.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=917683http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/04/22/146644http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/04/22/146644http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-09-23/98507/http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/02/08/141321http://www.lenta.ru/news/2008/02/07/refuse/http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-01-29/83429/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/01/30/013.htmlhttp://www.newsru.com/world/16nov2007/otkaz.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=824213http://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://gi08.no-ip.org/pdf-tool/%3Ca%20href=http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2007/11/01/135375http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/850/49/193238.htmhttp://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/850/49/193259.htmhttp://www.ng.ru/politics/2007-10-30/3_cik.html


134/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:


135/334


136/334


137/334


138/334


139/334


140/334


141/334

20: Are there regulations governing the financing of politi cal parties?

20a In law, there are regulations governing private contributions to po litical parties.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

20b In law, there are limits on individual donations to po litical parties.

Score: YES

References:
http://www.rg.ru/2007/01/10/referendum-dok.htmlhttp://www.rg.ru/2007/01/10/referendum-dok.htmlhttp://www.rg.ru/2007/07/25/vybory-popravka-dok.htmlhttp://www.rg.ru/2005/05/24/vybory-doc.htmlhttp://www.rg.ru/2005/05/24/vybory-doc.html


142/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:


20c In law, there are limits on corporate donations to political parties.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


20d In law, there are limits on total po litical party expenditures.
http://www.yabloko.ru/Union/helpsubsidlaw.html


143/334

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


144/334


145/334


20e In law, there are requirements for the disclosure of donations to politi cal parties.

Score: YES

References:


146/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:


20f In law, there are requirements for the independent auditing of the finances and

expenditures of politi cal parties.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


20g In law, there is an agency or entity that monitors the financing of po litical parties.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


147/334

21: Are there regulations governing the financing of individual politicalcandidates?

21a In law, there are regulations governing private contributions to individual polit ical

candidates.Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


21b In law, there are limits on individual donations to po litical candidates.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


21c In law, there are limits on corporate donations to individual political candidates.

Score: YES


148/334

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


21d In law, there are requirements for the disclosure of donations to individual political

candidates.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=783006&NodesID=2


149/334

21e In law, there are requirements for the independent auditing of the campaign finances of

individual political candidates.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


21f In law, there is an agency or entity that monitors the financing of ind ividual polit ical

candidates' campaigns.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:



150/334

22: Are the regulations governing the political financing of parties effective?

22a In practice, the limits on individual donations to political parties are effective in

regulating an individual's ability to financially support a political party.

Score: 75

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

22b In practice, the limits on corporate donations to political parties are effective in

regulating a company's ability to financially support a political party.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

22c In practice, the limits on total party expenditures are effective in regulating a polit ical

party's ability to fund campaigns or politically-related activities.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.cikrf.ru/politparty/finance/rashod.jsphttp://www.arkhangelsk.izbirkom.ru/way/0F1DD435-5B6F-429A-B277-E09114D7443C/obj/3CBEA7F2-D534-4125-9BC7-C09208983C9B.htmlhttp://www.cikrf.ru/politparty/finance/rashod.jsphttp://www.arkhangelsk.izbirkom.ru/way/0F1DD435-5B6F-429A-B277-E09114D7443C/obj/3CBEA7F2-D534-4125-9BC7-C09208983C9B.htmlhttp://www.cikrf.ru/politparty/finance/rashod.jsp


151/334

22d In practice, when necessary, an agency or entity monitoring the financing of polit ical

parties independently initiates investigations.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

22e In practice, when necessary, an agency or entity monitoring the financing of polit ical

parties imposes penalties on offenders.

Score: 25

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

22f In practice, contributions to political parties are audited.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.gzt.ru/politics/2007/09/19/125941.htmlhttp://www.arkhangelsk.izbirkom.ru/way/0F1DD435-5B6F-429A-B277-E09114D7443C/obj/3CBEA7F2-D534-4125-9BC7-C09208983C9B.htmlhttp://www.cikrf.ru/politparty/finance/rashod.jsphttp://www.c-society.ru/wind.php?ID=291684&soch=1http://www.cikrf.ru/postancik/Zp080977.jsphttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=783006&NodesID=2


152/334

23: Are the regulations governing the political financing of individualcandidates effective?

23a In practice, the limits on individual donations to political candidates are effective in

regulating an individual's ability to financially support a particular candidate.Score: 75

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

23b In practice, the limits on corporate donations to individual candidates are effective in

regulating a company's ability to financially support a candidate.

Score: 50References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

23c In practice, when necessary, an agency or entity monitoring the financing of indiv idual

candidates' campaigns independently initiates investigations.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

23d In practice, when necessary, an agency or entity monitoring the financing of indiv idual

candidates' campaigns imposes penalties on offenders.

Score: 25

References:
http://www.c-society.ru/wind.php?ID=291684&soch=1http://www.cikrf.ru/postancik/Zp080977.jsphttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=783006&NodesID=2http://www.arkhangelsk.izbirkom.ru/way/0F1DD435-5B6F-429A-B277-E09114D7443C/obj/3CBEA7F2-D534-4125-9BC7-C09208983C9B.htmlhttp://www.cikrf.ru/politparty/finance/rashod.jsphttp://www.arkhangelsk.izbirkom.ru/way/0F1DD435-5B6F-429A-B277-E09114D7443C/obj/3CBEA7F2-D534-4125-9BC7-C09208983C9B.htmlhttp://www.cikrf.ru/politparty/finance/rashod.jsp


153/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:

23e In practice, the finances of ind ividual candidates' campaigns are audited.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.gzt.ru/politics/2007/09/19/125941.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=853261&NodesID=2http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/01/00.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-02-18/4_medvedev.htmlhttp://elections.rbc.ru/elections2007/11/02/2008/140396.shtmlhttp://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/01/22/015.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=844489http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=844238http://www.newsru.com/russia/17jan2008/imush.html


154/334

24: Can cit izens access records related to the financing of politi cal parties?

24a In practice, political parties disclose data relating to financial support and expenditures

within a reasonable time period.

Score: 75

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

24b In practice, citizens can access the financial records of pol itical parties within a


Score: 75

References:
http://www.cikrf.ru/politparty/finance/rashod.jsphttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1014433http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/08/22/158798http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=851789&NodesID=2


155/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:

24c In practice, citizens can access the financial records of po litical parties at a reasonable

cost.

Score: 100

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

http://www.cikrf.ru/politparty/finance/rashod.jsp


156/334

25: Can cit izens access records related to the financing of individualcandidates' campaigns?

25a In practice, individual political candidates disclose data relating to f inancial support and

expenditures within a reasonable time period.Score: 75

References:

25b In practice, citizens can access the financial records of ind ividual candidates (their

campaign revenues and expenditures) within a reasonable time period.

Score: 75

References:

25c In practice, citizens can access the financial records of ind ividual candidates (their

campaign revenues and expenditures) at a reasonable cost.

Score: 100

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

http://www.cikrf.ru/elect_president/finans/index.jsphttp://www.cikrf.ru/elect_president/finans/index.jsphttp://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/02/13/141615http://www.cikrf.ru/elect_president/finans/index.jsp


157/334

26: Can citizens sue the government for inf ringement of their civil rights?

26 In law, can citizens sue the government for infringement of their civil righ ts?

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


158/334

27: Can the chief executive be held accountable for his/her actions?

27a In practice, the chief executive gives reasons for his/her policy decisions.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

27b In law, the judiciary can review the actions of the executive.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

27c In practice, when necessary, the judic iary reviews the actions of the executive.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

27d In practice, the chief executive limits the use of executive orders for establishing newregulations, policies, or government practices.

Score: 50

References:
http://www.smoney.ru/article.shtml?2008/01/28/4780http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/01/11/139466http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2007/56/02.htmlhttp://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2007/45/14.html


159/334

Social Scientist's

Comments:



160/334

28: Is the executive leadership subject to criminal proceedings?

28a In law, the heads of state and government can be prosecuted for crimes they commit.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

28b In law, ministerial-level officials can be prosecuted for cr imes they commit.

Score: YES

References:
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=854623&NodesID=7http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-02-29/85531http://eup.ru/facts.asp?site=12dec.ru&id=7C702E9AA73D2E34C32573EA0068AED1


161/334

29: Are there regulations governing conflicts of interest by the executivebranch?

29a In law, the heads o f state and government are required to file a regular asset disc losure

form.Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.realestate.ru/new.aspx?id=8625http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/02/15/002.htmlhttp://www.transparency.org.ru/CENTER/DOC/ps9eng.doc


162/334

29b In law, ministerial-level officials are required to f ile a regular asset disclosure form.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

29c In law, there are regulations governing gi fts and hosp itality offered to members of the

executive branch.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:


29d In law, there are requirements for the independent auditing of the executive branch

asset disclosure forms (defined here as minis ters and heads of state and government).

Score: NO

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

29e In law, there are restrictions on heads of s tate and government and ministers entering

the private sector after leaving the government.

Score: YES
http://www.realestate.ru/new.aspx?id=8625http://www.transparency.org.ru/CENTER/DOC/ps9eng.doc


163/334


164/334



165/334

30: Can citizens access the asset disclosure records of the heads of state andgovernment?

30a In law, citizens can access the asset disclosure records of the heads of state and

government.Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

30b In practice, citizens can access the asset disclosure records o f the heads of state and

government within a reasonable time period.

Score: 0

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:
http://www.realestate.ru/new.aspx?id=8625http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/01/00.htmlhttp://www.ng.ru/politics/2008-02-18/4_medvedev.htmlhttp://elections.rbc.ru/elections2007/11/02/2008/140396.shtmlhttp://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2008/01/22/015.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=844489http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=844238http://www.newsru.com/russia/17jan2008/imush.htmlhttp://www.mk.ru/blogs/MK/2007/11/09/society/322740/http://www.gzt.ru/politics/2007/09/19/125941.htmlhttp://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/850/49/193322.htmhttp://www.mk.ru/blogs/MK/2007/11/09/society/322740/http://www.gzt.ru/politics/2007/09/19/125941.html


166/334

30c In practice, citizens can access the asset disclosure records o f the heads of state and

government at a reasonable cost.

Score: 0

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

http://www.mk.ru/blogs/MK/2007/11/09/society/322740/http://www.gzt.ru/politics/2007/09/19/125941.htmlhttp://www.og.ru/articles/2007/10/29/26488.shtmlhttp://ej.ru/?a=note&id=7514http://www.lenta.ru/vybory/2000/02/15/putin/income.htm


167/334

31: Official government functions are kept separate and dist inct f rom thefunctions of the ruling political party.

31 In practice, official government functions are kept separate and distinct from the

functions of the ruling political party.Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

http://www.newsru.com/russia/17apr2008/edross.htmlhttp://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1011059&NodesID=2http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/05/22/149068


168/334

32: Can members of the legislature be held accountable for their actions?

32a In law, the judiciary can review laws passed by the legislature.

Score: YES

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

32b In practice, when necessary, the judic iary reviews laws passed by the legislature.

Score: 50

References:

Social Scientist's

Comments:

32c In law, are members of the national legislature subject to criminal proceedings?

Score: YES

References:
http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/12/10/173031http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=1088861http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/12/02/171760http://www.rian.ru/society/20080620/111435955.htmlhttp://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/07/18/155399http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/369031.htmhttp://www.newizv.ru/print/94400http://www.newizv.ru/news/2008-10-20/100110/http://www.rg.ru/2008/07/24/vzjatka.htmlhttp://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/06/10/151042http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=901845http://www.ksrf.ru/news/msg.asp?id=177&pg=1http://www.ksrf.ru/news/msg.asp?id=176&pg=1http://www.ksrf.ru/news/msg.asp?id=175&pg=1http://www.ksrf.ru/news/msg.asp?id=172&pg=1


169/334

http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/600/42/373022.htmhttp://www.russiatoday.com/news/news/33006http://www.vedomosti.ru/newspaper/article.shtml?2008/12/10/173031

Global Integrity Report 2008 - Russia

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