Global Forum: Global Forum: Building Science, Technology & Building Science, Technology &

Innovation Capacity for Sustainable Innovation Capacity for Sustainable

Growth and Poverty ReductionGrowth and Poverty Reduction

Alfred WatkinsAlfred WatkinsWorld Bank S&T Program CoordinatorWorld Bank S&T Program Coordinator

Presentation to the STI Thematic GroupPresentation to the STI Thematic GroupNovember 13, 2006November 13, 2006

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Global Forum: Building STI Capacity for Sustainable Growth and Poverty Reduction

Overview:– When– Where– Who– Why– What will be discussed and accomplished– How we can work together

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Global Forum: Building STI Capacity for Sustainable Growth and Poverty Reduction

• Dates and Location:– When: February 13-15, 2007– Where: Preston Auditorium,

»Washington, DC

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Global Forum Participants

• In Cooperation With: – IDB, CIDA, UNESCO, UNCTAD, AfDB(?), DFID, GRA

• Speakers:– Thoughtful doers from government, industry, PPPs, NGOs– They will present STI capacity building case studies in which they

were directly involved, to help Bank staff:• Learn from lessons of experience – what did you do, how did you

do it, what would you do differently?• Develop new and improved operational approaches for building

STI capacity grounded in successful lessons of experience

• Participants– Bank and Donor staff– Government policy makers and program managers– Industry representatives– NGOs and Foundations dealing with STI capacity building

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If STI Capacity Building is the Answer,

What are the Questions?

What is STI Capacity?How do you build it?Why should you build it?What problems can it address?

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What Is STI Capacity?

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Five Dimensions of STI CapacityNational (and local)

government capacity to formulate and

implement coherent S&T programs and

policiesEnterprise capacity to utilize knowledge to

innovate and produce higher value added, globally competitive goods and services

Technologically and scientifically skilled workforce trained to work with modern

equipment and production processes

Import, adapt, and adopt knowledge

produced outside the country

Production of new knowledge via R&D

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Operational Implications:Food for Thought

• STI focus often emphasizes R&D and high-tech:– Increasing ratio of R&D: GDP– Success measured by patents and journal articles– Shift R&D from university and public research

institutes to industry– Strengthening linkages with industry – demand

driven– Boosting industry demand for R&D– Venture capital for new high tech SMEs– Reorganizing and strengthening R&D sector

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R&D

Design &Engineering

Technician & CraftSkills & Capabilities

Basic OperatorsSkills and Capabilities

ScienceDevelopmentand Creation

ScienceUse, Operation

and Maintenance

Research Scientists and R&D Are Important, but …

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Operational Implications:Food for Thought -- 2

• STI capacity is much more than R&D and high-tech industries and must be built and utilized by countries at any level of economic development

• Education and training– Renewed emphasis on HE and TVET– Formal education institutions only vs. on the job training and provision by

industry– Private vs. public education institutions– Innovative student loan programs– Paradox of brain drain – many countries face shortages of skilled workers

coupled with exodus of skilled workers– Need to boost demand for skills as well as supply

• Enterprise capacity to utilize knowledge– Large regional differences in incidence of innovation – MNA and AFR lag – Large vs. SME– R&D vs. other forms of innovation – especially when firms are behind the

technology frontier– Ability to utilize existing technology – Capacity to produce and market more sophisticated goods and services

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Getting the Balance Right is Important!

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How Do You Build STI Capacity and Where Do You Start?

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Acquisition

Assimilation

Improvement

Creation

One Approach: East Asia Capacity Building Model

Developing

Country

Newly-Industrializing

Country

Advanced

Country

Imitation internalization generationSTI Capacity Focus

DevelopmentStages

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Global Forum:Clusters of Issues

• Reducing poverty and achieving the MDGs: the role of STI capacity building

• Adding value to natural resource industries through STI capacity building

• Latecomer strategies for catching up -- linkage, leverage, learning, and STI capacity building

• The role of R&D in the development process

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Reducing Poverty and Achieving the MDGs

• Needs assessment and action plan – what do you have, what do you need, and how do you build capacity to fill the gaps -- for:– Agriculture Productivity through Research and

Extension – Food Processing – Biofuels and Biogas – Geothermal Energy for Electricity Generation – Appropriate Technology – clean water,

decentralized energy production– Vocational and Technical Education and Training

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Adding Value to Natural Resource Exports

• Generating wealth and diversifying the economy via:– Coffee– Silk– Horticulture (flowers, vegetables, fruits)– Pyrethrum– Herbs and Essential Oil– Institute for value chain management

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Hydrological Analysis of Surface and Underground

(Aquifers) Water Resources

•Hydrology, Geology, Limnology, Geochemistry•GIS and Remote Sensing

Well Boring and Pumping

Underground Water

•Mechanical Engineering; groundwater engineering•Construction, Masonry, Pump operation and maintenance

Harvesting Rainwater Run-offs from Roofs, Roads

and Fields

•Geology and Hydrology•Construction and Masonry

Water Storage (tanks, reservoirs) & Distribution

(pipes, taps) Infrastructure

•Civil Engineering; Mechanical Engineering •Construction, masonry (for tanks, reservoirs, pipes)

Drinking Water Purification and Water Quality Monitor

and Control

•Chemistry, Microbiology, Public Health, Environmental Science•Laboratory Assistance and Data Management

STI Capacity for Delivering Clean Drinking Water

Watershed Pollution Control, Conservation,

and Drought Management

•Environmental Engineering, Chemistry, Soil Science, Geology , GIS and Remote Sensing

Governance Institution Building and Administrative Capacity

5 4 6

3 2 1

Tasks

Capacity Required

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STI Capacity Building: A Cross-Cutting Perspective

Investment and Business Climate Administrative Reforms

Hydrological Analysis of Surface and Underground

Water

Hydrology, Geology, Limnology, GeochemistryGIS and Remote Sensing

Watershed Pollution Control and Conservation

Environmental Engineering, Chemistry, Soil Science, Geology , GIS and Remote Sensing

Well Boring and Pumping Underground Water

groundwater engineering, Construction, Masonry, Pump operation and maintenance

Harvesting Rainwater Run-offs from Roofs and Fields

Geology and HydrologyConstruction and Masonry

Water Storage & Distribution Infrastructure

Water Purification and Water Quality Control

Civil Engineering; Mechanical Engineering Construction, masonry (for tanks, reservoirs, pipes)

Chemistry, Microbiology, Public Health, Environmental Science, Laboratory Assistance

Rural Development (Ministry of Rural Affairs)

Environment and Natural Resources

(Environment Ministry/S&T Ministry

Public Health (Health Ministry)

Sector/Ministry Tasks Capacity Required

Infrastructure, Water(Infrastructure Ministry,

Water Ministry, labor Ministry)

Infrastructure, Water(Infrastructure Ministry,

Water Ministry, Labor Ministry)

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Cultivating high quality, disease-free mulberry crop

Designing/Manufacturing Silk Garments and Made-Ups

Meeting Market Demands and Standards of Quality and

Style

STI Capacity for Silk Production and Competitiveness

Rearing disease-free, high quality silkworms

Investment and Business Climate Private Sector Reforms

Reeling silk yarn from cocoon; Weaving yarn into raw silk

Sericulture Techniques: Silkworm Strains Management, Production of Quality Silkworm Eggs, testing and grading raw silk

Sericulture Techniques: Drying, cooking, reeling, testing and grading cocoons

Textile Engineering, Garment Designing, Factory Operation and Maintenance

Agriculture Science and Agronomy: Crop Variety Improvement,Mulberry Pest Management, Soil Chemistry

Market Research, Quality Testing and Maintenance

Sector Tasks Capacity Required

Trade and Exports

Rural Development

Industry and Commerce

Agriculture

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Demand-Driven Approach to Building STI Skills

Providers of STI Skills

Public Providers

Demand for STI Skills For Poverty Reduction

For Productivity and Economic Growth Private Companies (On-the-job training, Industrial R&D)

Private Technical & Vocational Schools

Private Colleges and Universities

Public Research Institutions

Technical and Vocational Schools

Post Secondary Education and Research

Teachers Training Programs

Clean Water

Food Security

Energy

Health

Agro Enterprises(Ex: Horticulture, Coffee, Fruits & Vegetables)

Manufacturing(Ex: Textile and Silk, Leather Products)

Services(Ex: Tourism, ICT)

Reverse Engineering

Private Providers

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Latecomer Strategies for Catching Up

• Building Institutions for catching up

• FDI and Supplier Development Spillovers and Backward Linkages

• Measuring and supporting enterprise innovationInnovation: new to the world, or new to the

local context?Innovation: hi-tech or low-tech?Innovation: how to identify and measure?

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Role of R&D

• How to build up R&D capacity in countries with limited initial R&D capacities

• Multi-country networks of centers of excellence – critical mass, regional R&D programs focused on national/regional priorities

• Role of universities and research institutes in more advanced countries

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Next Steps: Moving Forward Together

• Comments, criticisms, suggestions• Identify speakers• Participants – government and other• Spread the word to TTLs and have them bring in

participants from client countries• Speak to RMTs• Help us turn the Forum discussions into actionable

outcomes by adding and improving STI activities in national and regional capacity building programs

• Thematic Group meeting• Joint STI Policy Reviews with UNCTAD (?)

THANK YOU

Alfred WatkinsS&T Program Coordinatorawatkins@worldbank.orgwww.worldbank.org/sti

202-473-7277

Global Forum: Global Forum: Building Science, Technology & Innovation Capacity Building Science, Technology & Innovation Capacity

for Sustainable Growth and Poverty Reductionfor Sustainable Growth and Poverty Reduction

February 13-15, 2007Washington, DC