Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
-
Upload
adbi-publications -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
0
Transcript of Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
1/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz Rgzmgr
Dofjco Gbfkfamb Bzmrmr8 Ma~cbpck` Zgrpzwbpwzmkd fe plg RgzumbgrRgbpfz mk Mk`mc
Cjlmhmp @cr/ Zcrlam Jckdc/ck` @mkgrl Iwacz
Kf+ 233Rg~pgajgz :>33
Crmck @gugof~agkp Jcki Mkrpmpwpg
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
2/37
Plg Tfzimkd ^c~gz rgzmgr mr c bfkpmkwcpmfk fe plg efzagzo} kcag` @mrbwrrmfk ^c~gz rgzmgr9plg kwajgzmkd fe plg ~c~gzr bfkpmkwg` tmplfwp mkpgzzw~pmfk fz blckdg+ C@JMr tfzimkd~c~gzr zgeogbp mkmpmco m`gcr fk c pf~mb ck` czg ~frpg` fkomkg efz `mrbwrrmfk+ C@JM gkbfwzcdgrzgc`gzr pf ~frp plgmz bfaagkpr fk plg acmk ~cdg efz gcbl tfzimkd ~c~gz ,dmugk mk plgbmpcpmfk jgoft-+ Rfag tfzimkd ~c~gzr ac} `gugof~ mkpf fplgz efzar fe ~wjombcpmfk+
Rwddgrpg` bmpcpmfk8
@cr/ C+/ @/ Z+ Jckdc/ ck` @+ Iwacz+ :>33+ Dofjco Gbfkfamb Bzmrmr8 Ma~cbp ck`
Zgrpzwbpwzmkd fe plg Rgzumbgr Rgbpfz mk Mk`mc+ C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233+ Pfi}f8 Crmck@gugof~agkp Jcki Mkrpmpwpg+ Cucmocjog8 lpp~8&&ttt+c`jm+fzd&tfzimkd!~c~gz&:>33&>=&2>&04:4+dofjco+gbfkfamb+bzmrmr+ma~cbp+rgzumbgr+mk`mc&
^ogcrg bfkpcbp plg cwplfzr efz mkefzacpmfk cjfwp plmr ~c~gz+
Gacmo8 zcrlamjckdcNwkbpc`mk`mc+fzd
Cjlmhmp @cr/ Zcrlam Jckdc/ ck` @mkgrl Iwacz czg `g~wp} ~zfhgbp bffz`mkcpfz/ rgkmfzgbfkfamrp/ ck` bfkrwopckp/ zgr~gbpmugo}/ cp plg Wkmpg` Kcpmfkr Bfkegzgkbg fk Pzc`g ck`@gugof~agkp ,WKBPC@-Mk`mc+
Plmr ~c~gz tcr ~zg~czg` efz plg WKBPC@Dfugzkagkp fe Mk`mc@g~czpagkp efz
Mkpgzkcpmfkco @gugof~agkp ~zfhgbp/ Rpzcpgdmgr ck` ^zg~czg`kgrr efz Pzc`g ck`Dofjcomxcpmfk mk Mk`mc+ Plg umgtr g|~zgrrg` mk plmr ~c~gz `f kfp zgeogbp plg umgtr feWKBPC@ fz mpr agajgz rpcpgr
Plg umgtr g|~zgrrg` mk plmr ~c~gz czg plg umgtr fe plg cwplfzr ck` `f kfp kgbgrrczmo}zgeogbp plg umgtr fz ~fombmgr fe C@JM/ plg Crmck @gugof~agkp Jcki ,C@J-/ mpr Jfcz` fe@mzgbpfzr/ fz plg dfugzkagkpr plg} zg~zgrgkp+ C@JM `fgr kfp dwczckpgg plg cbbwzcb} feplg `cpc mkbow`g` mk plmr ~c~gz ck` cbbg~pr kf zgr~fkrmjmomp} efz ck} bfkrgswgkbgr feplgmz wrg+ Pgzamkfofd} wrg` ac} kfp kgbgrrczmo} jg bfkrmrpgkp tmpl C@J feembmco pgzar+
Crmck @gugof~agkp Jcki MkrpmpwpgIcrwamdcrgim Jwmo`mkd >!5>>Ec|8 )33 Crmck @gugof~agkp Jcki Mkrpmpwpg
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected] -
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
3/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
Cjrpzcbp
Plg Mk`mck gbfkfa} lcr rlftk bfkrm`gzcjog zgrmomgkbg pf plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr j}acmkpcmkmkd fkg fe plg lmdlgrp dzftpl zcpgr mk plg tfzo`+ Plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz cbbfwkpg` efzczfwk` ' cepgz :>>>+ Lmdl `fagrpmb `gack` ck`lmdl ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl oczdgo} g|~ocmk plg zgrmomgkbg fe Mk`mcr rgzumbgr dzftpl+
HGO Bocrrmembcpmfk8 E30/ O
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
4/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck`Iwacz
Bfkpgkpr
3+ Mkpzf`wbpmfk ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2:+ Bfkpzmjwpmfk fe plg Rgzumbgr Rgbpfz pf Mk`mcr Dzftpl ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 0
:+3 :+3 Blckdmkd rgbpfzco bfa~frmpmfk ck` plg zmrmkd rmdkmembckbg fe rgzumbgr +++++++ 0:+: @gbfa~frmpmfk fe Mk`mcr D@^ dzftpl zcpg8 bfkpzmjwpmfk fe plg `meegzgkp rgzumbgr
rgbpfzr +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 42+ Ma~ombcpmfkr fe plg Dofjco Gbfkfamb Bzmrmr fk Mk`mcr G|~fzp fe Rgzumbgr +++++++++++++++++++ =
2+3 Rlczg fe Mk`mcr G|~fzp fe Rgzumbgr mk Pfpco Rgzumbgr Fwp~wp ck` D@^ ++++++++++++ =2+: Bfa~frmpmfk fe Mk`mcr G|~fzp fe Rgzumbgr ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 332+2 Grpmacpmfk fe plg Ma~cbp fe plg Dofjco Gbfkfamb Bzmrmr fk Mk`mcr G|~fzp fe
Rgzumbgr8 Mkbfag Gocrpmbmp} fe G|~fzp @gack` +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3:2+0 G|~fzp fe Mk`mcr Rgzumbgr8 Ma~ombcpmfkr fe plg Dofjco Gbfkfamb Bzmrmr +++++++++++ 37
0+ Plg Dofjco Gbfkfamb Bzmrmr ck` plg Zfog fe @fagrpmb @gack` efz Mk`mcr Rgzumbgr 3=7+ Zfog fe ^zf`wbpmump} Dzftpl mk Mk`mcr Rgzumbgr Rgbpfz +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ :3
7+3 Plg @gjcpg fk Rgzumbgr Ugzrwr Dff`r ^zf`wbpmump} ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ::7+: ^zfjogar mk Agcrwzmkd Rgzumbgr ^zf`wbpmump} +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ::7+2 Agcrwzgagkp fe Pfpco Ecbpfz ^zf`wbpmump} Dzftpl mk Ig} Rgzumbgr ++++++++++++++++ :2
5+ Dzftpl Zgjcockbmkd8 Zfog fe Dfugzkagkp ^fombmgr ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ :55+3 @mrpzmjwpmug Pzc`g ,Zgpcmo&Tlfogrcog- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ :45+: Rfeptczg Rgzumbgr ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2>5+2 Jckimkd Rgzumbgr +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 23
4+ Rwaacz} ck` Bfkbowrmfkr ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 22Zgegzgkbgr +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 27
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
5/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
2
3+ MKPZF@WBPMFK
Wkomig ack} fplgz `gugof~mkd bfwkpzmgr/ Mk`mc lcr rlftk c bfkrm`gzcjog zgrmomgkbg pf plg dofjcogbfkfamb bzmrmr j} acmkpcmkmkd fkg fe plg lmdlgrp dzftpl zcpgr+ Mp zgbfz`g` c dzftpl zcpg fe 5+4'mk :>>=/ tlmbl tcr fko} :+3 ~gzbgkpcdg ~fmkpr oftgz plck mpr cugzcdg dzftpl fe plg ocrp emug}gczr+ Fkg fe plg acmk `zmugzr fe Mk`mcr dzftpl `wzmkd plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr lcr jggk plgrgzumbgr rgbpfz/ tlmbl cbbfwkpg` efz czfwk` >=-+ Fe plmr/ plg g|~fzp fergzumbgr bfa~zmrgr czfwk` 35' fe plg rgzumbgr D@^ ck` mr ogrr plck 3>' fe plg pfpco D@^+
:
Tmplmk plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz/ plg oczdgrp bfa~fkgkp fe g|~fzpr mr mkefzacpmfk pgblkfofd} gkcjog`
rgzumbgr ck` jwrmkgrr ~zfbgrrmkd ck` fwprfwzbmkd ,MPgR!J^F-/ tlmbl bfkrpmpwpg` coafrp 07' feplg pfpco rgzumbgr g|~fzpr fe Mk`mc mk :>>= ck` dzgt cp ck ckkwco cugzcdg fe 2>' mk :>>7>5ck` :>>4>>=/ g|~fzpr mk plmr rgbpfz mkbzgcrg` j} :
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
6/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
0
D@^ dzftpl+ Rgbpmfk 2 ckco}xgr plg ma~ombcpmfkr fe plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr fk Mk`mcr g|~fzp fergzumbgr j} grpmacpmkd mkbfag `gack` gocrpmbmpmgr+ Rgbpmfk 0 ckco}xgr plg zfog ~oc}g` j} plg`fagrpmb `gack` efz rgzumbgr `wzmkd plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr+ Rgbpmfk 7 `mrbwrrgragplf`fofd} ck` ~zgrgkpr plg grpmacpgr fe PE^D mk r~gbmemb rgzumbgr rgbpfzr+ Rgbpmfk 5lmdlomdlpr plg zfogr ~oc}g` j} `fagrpmb `gack`/ dofjco `gack`/ ck` ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mkzgpcmo&tlfogrcog rgzumbgr/ rfeptczg rgzumbgr/ ck` jckimkd rgzumbgr/ ck` corf ~zfum`grzgbfaagk`cpmfkr efz plg ewzplgz ma~zfugagkp fe ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mk plgrg rgzumbgr+ Rgbpmfk 4bfkbow`gr plg ~c~gz+
:+ BFKPZMJWPMFK FE PLG RGZUMBGR RGBPFZ PF MK@MCRDZFTPL
Blckdmkd rgbpfzco bfa~frmpmfk ck` plg zmrmkd rmdkmembckbg fe rgzumbgr
Cam`rp plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr/ plg dzftpl zcpg fe plg Mk`mck gbfkfa} `gbgogzcpg` pf 5+4'ezfa ckcugzcdg dzftpl fe >4>
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
7/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
7
Pcjog 38 Dzftpl Zcpgr fe Zgco D@^ ,'-
Rgbpfz :>>4!>>=" :>>4!>< :>>=
S3 S: S2 S0 S3 S: S2 S0
3 : 2 0 7 5 4 < = 3> 333+ Cdzmbwopwzg ck` Coomg`Cbpmumpmgr
0+=,34+-
0+2 2+= :+4 !>+< :+4
:+ Mk`wrpz} 4+0,3=+:-
:+5,3+3 2+< 0+: 0+4 0+5 2+4 0+= 3+5
:+: Ackwecbpwzmkd +> +-
=+0,50+7-
3>+< 3>+4 3>+:
33+2 3>+> =+< =+7 += 33+4
32+< 32+> 3:+3 7+= 5+2
2+: Emkckbmkd/ Mkrwzckbg/Zgco Grpcpg ck` JwrmkgrrRgzumbgr
33+4 4+< 3:+5 3:+0 33+=
3>+2 5+= 5+0 +3 4+: 33+> 32+0 =+4 5+= =+2
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
8/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
5
Emdwzg 38 Blckdg mk Rgbpfzco Bfa~frmpmfk fe Mk`mcr D@^ ,'-
Blckdg mk Rgbpfzco Rlczgr mk D@^8 3==>=3 pf :>>=
>+>
3>+>
:>+>
2>+>
0>+>
7>+>
5>+>
4>+>
3==>!=3
3==3!=:
3==:!=2
3==2!=0
3==0!=7
3==7!=5
3==5!=4
3==4!=3===!>>
:>>>!>3
:>>3!>:
:>>:!>2
:>>2!>0
:>>0!>7
:>>7!>5^
:>>5!>4
:>>4!>>=ZG
Mk`wrpz}
Cdzmbwopwzgck Coomg`Cbpmumpmgr
rgzumbgr
Kfpgr8 D@^ 1 dzfrr fagrpmb ~zf`wbp/ 1 ^zfumrmfkco/ SG 1 Swcpgzo} Grpmacpgr/ ZG 1 Zgumrg` Grpmacpgr+
Rfwzbg8 Bgkpzco Rpcpmrpmbco Fzdckmrcpmfk+
C bofrgz offi cp plg bfa~frmpmfk fe plg Mk`mck rgzumbgr rgbpfz zgugcor rfag ugz} mkpgzgrpmkd ecbpr,Emdwzg :-+ Tmplmk plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz/ plg lmdlgrp rlczg mk rgzumbgr D@^ lcr jggk `fagrpmb pzc`g
,zgpcmo ck` tlfogrcog pzc`g-+ Mp cugzcdg` czfwk` :2+:' fe plg pfpco rgzumbgr D@^ mk E]3==>!=3E]3===!:>>>/ ck` plgk ewzplgz mkbzgcrg` pf :2+0' mk E]:>>>E]:>>4/ plgzgj} zgacmkmkd plgafrp rmdkmembckp rgbpfz mk pgzar fe mpr rlczg fe plg pfpco rgzumbgr fwp~wp+ Plmr mr efooftg` j} zgcogrpcpg tmpl ck cugzcdg rlczg fe 32+4' mk E]3==>!>3E]3===!:>>>/ tlmbl egoo j} 3+> ~gzbgkpcdg~fmkp pf 3:+4' mk E]:>>>!>3 pf E]:>>4!>E]3===/ tlmbl plgk egoo aczdmkcoo} pf 3>+>>!>3E]:>>4!>' ck` '+ Plgzg lcr jggk c bfkrmrpgkp zmrg mk plg rlczg febfaawkmbcpmfk rgzumbgr mk plg pfpco rgzumbgr fwp~wp9 lftgugz/ mp awrp jg kfpg` plcp plg rlczg lcrzgacmkg` ogrr plck 3>' fe plg pfpco fwp~wp fe rgzumbgr cp coo pmagr+
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
9/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
4
Emdwzg :8 Bfa~frmpmfk fe Mk`mcr Rgzumbgr Rgbpfz/ 3==>=3 pf :>>4>=3 pf :>>4>
:
0
5
3:
30
35
3
::
:0
:5
:!
=3
3==3!
=:
3==:!
=2
3==2!
=0
3==0!
=7
3==7!
=5
3==5!
=4
3==4!
=>>
:>>>!
>3
:>>3!
>:
:>>:!
>2
:>>2!
>0
:>>0!
>7
:>>7!
>5
:>>5!
>4
:>>4!
>>= plg Mk`mck gbfkfa} zgbfz`g` c dzftpl zcpg fe 5+4'/ fe tlmbl 7+= ~gzbgkpcdg~fmkpr tgzg bfkpzmjwpg` j} plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz+ Plg ackwecbpwzmkd rgbpfz bfkpzmjwpg` >+7~gzbgkpcdg ~fmkpr/ tlmog plg cdzmbwopwzg rgbpfz bfkpzmjwpg` >+2 ~gzbgkpcdg ~fmkpr+ Mk ecbp/ mk :>>=/ coafrp
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
10/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
=3 pf :>>=
]gcz Dzftpl fe D@^ cpecbpfz bfrp
Cdzmbwopwzg Mk`wrpz} Rgzumbgr
3==3=: 3+0 ,>+5- ,>+3- :+33==:=2 7+0 :+> >+5 :+4
3==2=0 7+4 3+> 3+0 2+:3==0=7 5+0 3+0 :+> 2+>3==7=5 4+2 ,>+:- :+5 0++4- >+0 0+53==+4 0+23===>> 5+0 >+4 >+4 7+>:>>>>3 0+0 ,>+3- 3+2 2+::>>3>: 7+< 3+7 >+7 2+>:>2 2+< ,3+4- 3+2 0+2:>>2>0 >0>7 4+7 >+> 3+4 7+>7>5 =+7 3+: 3+5 5+4:>>5>4 =+4 >+< :+3 5+=:>>4>< =+> >+= 3+0 5+4:>>= 5+4 >+2 >+7 7+=
D@^ 1 dzfrr fagrpmb ~zf`wbp+
Rfwzbg8 Cwplfzr bcobwocpmfkr+
Emdwzg 2 rlftr plg dzftpl zcpg fe plg uczmfwr rgzumbgr tmplmk plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz+ Plg emdwzgrlftr plcp plg ac|mawa bfkpzmjwpmfk pf D@^ dzftpl zcpg mk :>>4>2 ~gzbgkpcdg ~fmkpr/ zgr~gbpmugo}+ Bfkrpzwbpmfk rgzumbgr/ fplgz rgzumbgr/ ck` zgco
grpcpg rgzumbgr bfkpzmjwpg` >+4:/ >+5+57 ~gzbgkpcdg ~fmkpr/ zgr~gbpmugo}+ Plgrg tgzgefooftg` j} pzckr~fzp ck` ~wjomb c`amkmrpzcpmfk ck` `gegkrg rgzumbgr+ Plg bfkpzmjwpmfk fe lfpgorck` zgrpcwzckpr ck` zcmotc}r pf rgzumbgr dzftpl tcr ogrr plck >+: ~gzbgkpcdg ~fmkpr+
Plmr ckco}rmr rlftr plcp plg acmk `zmugzr fe D@^ dzftpl lcug jggk `fagrpmb pzc`g/bfaawkmbcpmfk rgzumbgr/ ck` jckimkd ck` mkrwzckbg rgzumbgr+
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
11/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
=
Emdwzg 28 @gbfa~frmpmfk fe Rgzumbgr Rgbpfzr Dzftpl Zcpg
! :>'
>'
:>'
0>'
5>'
'
3>>'
3==3!
=:
3==5!
=4
:>>3!
>:
:>>5!
>4
:>>4!
>>2>0 ck` zgbfz`g` cdzftpl zcpg cjfug 7'/ mp mr ma~fzpckp pf g|camkg pf tlcp g|pgkp plmr dzftpl lcr jggk `zmugk j}g|pgzkco `gack` ck` plg g|~fzp fe rgzumbgr+ Mk ogrr plck ptf `gbc`gr/ Mk`mc lcr jgbfag fkg feplg pf~ emug g|~fzpgzr fe rgzumbgr cafkdrp plg `gugof~mkd bfwkpzmgr/ ck` mp lcr rwz~crrg` rfag feplg fplgz Crmck bfwkpzmgr plcp `famkcpg` plg rgzumbgr pzc`g mk plg 3==>r+ Mk`mc lcr jggk `ggag`c achfz g|~fzpgz fe rgzumbgr mk plg tfzo` tmpl c aczigp rlczg fe :+5' mk :>>4 cr f~~frg` pf >+5'mk 3==7+ Mk`mcr rgzumbgr rgbpfz lcr acpwzg` bfkrm`gzcjo} mk plg ocrp egt }gczr ck` lcr jggk
dofjcoo} zgbfdkmxg` efz mpr lmdl dzftpl ,KCRRBFA :>>=-+Mk`mck rgzumbgr g|~fzp dzgt cp c bfa~fwk`g` ckkwco dzftpl zcpg fe 34' mk 3==2>> ck` cp cawbl ecrpgz ~cbg fe cjfwp :0' mk :>>3>+< jmoomfk mk:>>: pf WR$=>+3 jmoomfk mk :>>4>< ck` plgk ewzplgz pf WR$3>3 jmoomfk mk :>>=+ Mk`mcr rgzumbgrrgbpfzr dzftpl lcr acmko} jggk cppzmjwpg` pf mpr g|~fzpr+ Mp mr mkpgzgrpmkd pf kfpg/ lftgugz/ plcpcoplfwdl plgzg lcr jggk zc~m` dzftpl mk plg g|~fzp fe rgzumbgr ezfa :>>: fktcz`r/ plg g|~fzp fergzumbgr rpmoo zgacmkr czfwk` 37+3' fe plg pfpco rgzumbgr fwp~wp ck` czfwk` =+0' fe plg pfpco D@^fe plg gbfkfa} ,Pcjog 2-+
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
12/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
3>
Pcjog 28 Rlczg fe Rgzumbgr G|~fzpr mk Rgzumbgr Fwp~wp ck` D@^/
3==>=3 pf :>>=
]gcz Rlczg fe G|~fzp fe Rgzumbgr mkPfpco Rgzumbgr Fwp~wp
Rlczg fe G|~fzp fe Rgzumbgr mkD@^
3==>=3 2+: 3+5
3==3=: 0+: :+3
3==:=2 0+> :+>
3==2=0 0+: :+3
3==0=7 0+: :+3
3==7=5 0+7 :+2
3==5=4 0+: :+3
3==4=< 0+< :+7
3==> 5+= 2+>>>3 5+= 2+=
:>>3>: 5+< 2+=
:>>:>2 4+5 0+0
:>>2>0 >0>7 33+: 5+4
:>>7>5 3:+= 4+>= 37+3 =+0D@^ 1 dzfrr fagrpmb ~zf`wbp+
Rfwzbg8 Zgrgzug Jcki fe Mk`mc/ Lck`jffi fe Rpcpmrpmbr/ :>>=
Tlcp mr corf kfpgtfzpl} mr plcp c `gbfa~frmpmfk fe rgzumbgr g|~fzp dzftpl ,Emdwzg 0- bogczo}rlftr plcp mp mr kfp dzftpl mk g|~fzpr fe rgzumbgr plcp mr `zmumkd dzftpl mk plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz/ jwp mpmr mkrpgc` plg dzftpl mk `fagrpmb `gack` plcp mr plg acmk `zmugz+ Plg bfkpzmjwpmfk fe plg dzftpl feplg g|~fzp fe rgzumbgr pf plg dzftpl fe plg fugzcoo rgzumbgr rgbpfz tcr fko} ::'/ m+g+/ fwp fe plg34+7' dzftpl fe plg rgzumbg/ plg bfkpzmjwpmfk fe plg dzftpl fe plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz tcr c agzg 2+=2~gzbgkpcdg ~fmkpr+ Lftgugz/ tg `f emk` plcp fugz plg }gczr plg bfkpzmjwpmfk fe plg dzftpl fe
g|~fzpr fe rgzumbgr pf pfpco rgzumbgr dzftpl lcr mkbzgcrg`+ Plmr mk`mbcpgr plcp coplfwdl plg g|~fzpfe rgzumbgr mr jgbfamkd ma~fzpckp efz Mk`mcr rgzumbgr rgbpfz/ mp mr kfp plg acmk `zmugz fe mpr dzftpl+
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
13/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
33
Emdwzg 08 @gbfa~frmpmfk fe Dzftpl fe Rgzumbgr8 Dzftpl mk @fagrpmb @gack` UgzrwrDzftpl mk G|~fzpr
>+>>
7+>>
3>+>>
37+>>
:>+>>
:7+>>
3==3
!=:
3==2
!=0
3==7
!=5
3==4
!=>
:>>3
!>:
:>>2
!>0
:>>7
!>5
:>>4
!>>=+
2+: Bfa~frmpmfk fe Mk`mcr G|~fzp fe Rgzumbgr
Tmplmk plg g|~fzp fe rgzumbgr/ tg emk` plcp Mk`mcr g|~fzp jcrigp lcr kfp `mugzrmemg` awbl fugzpmag+ Fko} c egt rgzumbgr bfa~zmrg plg tlfog fe Mk`mcr g|~fzp jcrigp/ tmpl plg rfeptczg rgzumbgrcbbfwkpmkd efz plg oczdgrp rlczg/ m+g+/ czfwk` 03' mk :>>7>5 ck` 04' mk :>>=+ Pfdgplgz tmplrfeptczg rgzumbgr/ kfk!rfeptczg rgzumbgr/ tlmbl bfa~zmrg jwrmkgrr ck` ~zfegrrmfkco rgzumbgr/cbbfwkp efz czfwk` 4>' fe Mk`mcr g|~fzpr ,Emdwzg 7-+
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
14/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
3:
Emdwzg 78 Bfa~frmpmfk fe Mk`mcr G|~fzp Jcrigp8 :>>7>5 pf :>>=
Bfa~frmpmfk fe Mk`mcr G|~fzp Jcrigp8 :>>7>5 Mk`mcr G|~fzp Jcrigp8 :>>=
30'
33'
:'
03'
35'
:'
2'
33'Pzcugo
Pzckr~fzpcpmfk
Mkrwzckbg
Rfeptczg Rgzumbgr
Jwrmkgrr Rgzumbgr
Emkckbmco Rgzumbgr
BfaawkmbcpmfkRgzumbgr
fplgz rgzumbgr
33'
33'
3'
04'
35'
0'
:'
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
15/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
32
WR omgr mk plg zckdg 3+7>3+=7'/ tlmog plg zgocpmug ~zmbg gocrpmbmp} omgr mk plg zckdg >+:3' pf >+0>'+Plg emk`mkdr fe Lwckd ck` Umckc ,3==7-/ @gcz`fzee gp co + ,:>>>-/ ck` Ackk ,:>>0- zcmrgplg ~frrmjmomp} fe lgpgzfdgkgfwr mkbfag ck` ~zmbg gocrpmbmpmgr efz `meegzgkp bcpgdfzmgr fe g|~fzpr fergzumbgr/ coplfwdl kfkg fe plgrg rpw`mgr rggi pf pgrp plmr g|~ombmpo}+ Lwckd ck` Umckc ,3==7- ck`@gcz`fzee gp co+ ,:>>>- jfpl emk` awbl lmdlgz mkbfag ck` ~zmbg gocrpmbmpmgr fe `gack` efz~crrgkdgz eczgr ck` fplgz pzcugo!zgocpg` g|~fzpr/ plck efz fplgz bcpgdfzmgr fe rgzumbg g|~fzpr+ Mk c~ckgo!`cpc ckco}rmr fe rwj!bcpgdfzmgr fe jwrmkgrr ck` pgblkmbco rgzumbgr/ Ackk ,:>>0- zg~fzprplcp zgocpmug ~zmbg gocrpmbmpmgr czg p}~mbcoo} mkrmdkmembckp ck`/ mk rfag bcrgr/ czg kfp kgdcpmug crg|~gbpg`+
Ga~mzmbco gum`gkbg fe oft ~zmbg!gocrpmbmp} ck` lmdl mkbfag!gocrpmbmp} fe g|~fzp `gack` mk dgkgzcolcr ma~fzpckp ma~ombcpmfkr efz g|~fzpr ezfa `gugof~mkd bfwkpzmgr+ Emzrpo}/ mp rwddgrpr plcp plgg|~fzp dzftpl fe `gugof~mkd bfwkpzmgr mr lmdlo} `g~gk`gkp fk plg gbfkfamb ~gzefzackbg fe`gugof~g` bfwkpzmgr+ Rgbfk`o}/ mp ma~omgr plcp `gugof~mkd bfwkpzmgr ac} lcug omampg` cjmomp} pfoftgz ~zmbgr pf acmkpcmk fz mkbzgcrg g|~fzpr+
Mp lcr jggk zgbfdkmxg` mk plg ompgzcpwzg plcp plg lmdlgz plg mkbfag gocrpmbmp} fe g|~fzp`gack`/ plg afzg ~ftgzewo g|~fzpr tmoo jg cr ck gkdmkg fe dzftpl ,Rgg Lfwplciigz ck`Acdgg ,3=5=-/ Dfo`rpgmk ck` Ilck ,3=:>>:>> pf :>>' feplg pfpco g|~fzpr fe Mk`mcr rfeptczg rgzumbgr czg `mzgbpg` pftcz`r plg WR+
Tg efooftg` plg rpck`cz` ~zfbg`wzg mk plg ompgzcpwzg pf blgbi efz wkmp zffpr mk gcbl rgzmgr jgefzggrpmacpmkd c af`go plcp mkufougr pmag!rgzmgr `cpc+ Me plgzg tcr c wkmp zffp/ plgk plcp rgzmgr tcrbfkrm`gzg` pf jg kfk!rpcpmfkcz}+ Plg rpcpmfkczmp} fe gcbl rgzmgr tcr pgrpg` wrmkd plg efooftmkd wkmpzffp pgrpr8 ,c- Cwdagkpg` @mbig}Ewoogz pgrp9 ck` ,j- ^lmoom~r^gzzfk pgrp+ Rmkbg zgdzgrrmfkr lcugjggk zwk efz cddzgdcpg g|~fzpr cr tgoo cr rgbpfz!r~gbmemb g|~fzpr/ tg lcug wk`gzpcigk plg pgrprrg~czcpgo}+ Plg zgrwopr fe plg pgrpr czg zg~fzpg` mk Ckkg| M+ Tg efwk` plcp afrp fe plg rgzmgr wrg`czg rpcpmfkcz} cp ogugor+ Tlgzgugz tg efwk` plcp c bfkpcmkg` plg wkmp zffp mk ogugor/ jwp kf wkmpzffpr mk emzrp `meegzgkbgr/ tg lcug wrg` plg ~f~wocz Gkdog ck` Dzckdgz ,3=+=7-(
EmkckbmcoRgzumbgr
:+24( ,>+50-
Rfeptczg
Rgzumbgr
5+>0( ,>+:2-
( Emdwzg mr rpcpmrpmbcoo} rmdkmembckp cp 3' ogugo fe rmdkmembckbg+
(( Emdwzg mr rpcpmrpmbcoo} rmdkmembckp cp 7' ogugo fe rmdkmembckg+
Rfwzbg8 Cwplfzr grpmacpmfkr+
Plg zgrwopr rlft plcp Mk`mcr g|~fzpr fe cddzgdcpg` rgzumbgr pf plg tfzo` czg awbl afzgzgr~fkrmug pf mkbfag blckdgr plck pf ~zmbg blckdgr/ coplfwdl jfpl ecbpfzr czg efwk` pf jgrmdkmembckp+ C 3' `gbomkg mk tfzo` D@^ dzftpl tmoo ogc` pf c 2+::' `gbomkg mk Mk`mcr dzftpl feg|~fzpr pf plg tfzo`+ Lftgugz/ c awbl lmdlgz ~zmbg bfa~gpmpmugkgrr mr zgswmzg` pf mkbzgcrg
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
17/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
37
g|~fzpr+ Mp rlfwo` jg kfpg` plcp plg ~zmbg gocrpmbmp} mkpgz!comcr bc~pwzgr plg geegbp fe bwzzgkb}`g~zgbmcpmfk ck` plg oftgzmkd fe zgocpmug ~zmbgr+ Plmr ma~omgr plcp mp tmoo jg ugz} `meembwop pf mkbzgcrgMk`mcr g|~fzp dzftpl plzfwdl ma~zfugagkpr mk mpr ~zmbg bfa~gpmpmugkgrr+
Cr efwk` j} fplgz rpw`mgr/ plgzg g|mrpr c oczdg `meegzgkbg mk mkbfag gocrpmbmpmgr fe `meegzgkp rgzumbgrg|~fzpr+ Plg lmdlgrp mkbfag gocrpmbmp} fe g|~fzpr pf plg tfzo` mr efz pzcugo rgzumbgr/ tlmbl mrbfkrmrpgkp tmpl fplgz rpw`mgr ,Lwckd ck` Umckc 3==79 @gcz`fzee gp co+ :>>>-+ Plg mkbfag gocrpmbmp}
efz WR pzckr~fzpcpmfk rgzumbgr mr efwk` pf jg lmdlgz plck 3 jwp awbl oftgz plck plcp efz pzcugorgzumbgr g|~fzpr+ Emkckbmco rgzumbgr g|~fzpr lcug ck mkbfag gocrpmbmp} fe :+24/ tlmbl ma~omgr plcpcr dzftpl fe plg dofjco D@^ zmrgr/ Mk`mcr g|~fzp fe emkckbmco rgzumbgr tmoo zmrg afzg plck~zf~fzpmfkcpgo}+
Plg mkbfag gocrpmbmp} fe Mk`mcr g|~fzp fe rfeptczg rgzumbgr pf plg WR mr efwk` pf jg plg lmdlgrp cp5+>0+ C egt fplgz rpw`mgr fk plg g|~fzp fe MP rgzumbgr lcug corf efwk` ugz} lmdl mkbfag!gocrpmbmpmgr+ Cbbfz`mkd pf plg grpmacpgr j} Kfawzc ,:>>=-/ plg mkbfag gocrpmbmp} fe `gack`r efzMk`mcr g|~fzp fe jwrmkgrr rgzumbgr ck` MPgR!J^F rgzumbgr pf plg Fzdckmrcpmfk efz Gbfkfamb Bf!f~gzcpmfk ck` @gugof~agkp agajgz bfwkpzmgr tgzg cr lmdl cr =+5 ck` 4+3/ zgr~gbpmugo}+ Plglmdl mkbfag!gocrpmbmp} fe Mk`mcr g|~fzp fe rfeptczg rgzumbgr g|~ocmkr pf c oczdg g|pgkp plgg|~fkgkpmco dzftpl mk mpr g|~fzpr ~frp!:>>>+
2+0 G|~fzp fe Mk`mcr Rgzumbgr8 Ma~ombcpmfkr fe plg Dofjco GbfkfambBzmrmr
Plg lmdl mkbfag!gocrpmbmpmgrfe Mk`mcr g|~fzp fe rgzumbgr ma~o} plcp c roft`ftk mk plg dzftpl feplg dofjco D@^ tmoo lcug c ecz!zgcblmkd ma~cbp fk plg g|pgzkco `gack` efz Mk`mcr g|~fzpr+ Plgdofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr czzgrpg` plg rpw~gk`fwr dzftpl fe Mk`mcr g|~fzpr fe rgzumbgr+ Plg dzftplfe g|~fzpr fe pfpco rgzumbgr `gbzgcrg` ezfa :>=+ Pf ckco}rg plgg|pgkp pf tlmbl plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr ceegbpg` plg dzftpl fe rgzumbgr/ tg g|camkg` plgckkwco ck` swczpgzo} pzgk`r mk plg g|~fzp fe rgzumbgr/ gr~gbmcoo} plfrg plcp lcug jggk m`gkpmemg` crlcumkd c lmdl mkbfag!gocrpmbmp} efz g|~fzpr+
G|camkmkd plg dzftpl fe g|~fzpr fe `mrcddzgdcpg` rgzumbgr ,Pcjog 7-/ tg emk` plcp mk 3==2>>/ plg
ecrpgrp dzftmkd g|~fzp fe rgzumbgr tcr efz dfugzkagkp rgzumbgr ,kfp mkbow`g` gorgtlgzg- efooftg`j} amrbgoockgfwr rgzumbgr ,mkbow`mkd jfpl rfeptczg ck` kfk!rfeptczg rgzumbgr-+ Lftgugz/ mk:>>>>
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
18/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
35
Pcjog 78 Dzftpl fe Mk`mcr G|~fzpr fe @mrcddzgdcpg` Rgzumbgr
Mkumrmjogr j} Rgzumbg G|~fzp fe Pzckrcbpmfkr
BCDZ3==2!>>
:>>>!>3 :>>2!>0 :>>5!>4 :>>4!>< BCDZ :>>>!>> 0>/2>> :5+>3']f] Dzftpl 22+22' 2:+52' :44 :2+' :4+=5' ::+>='
BCDZ 1 Bfa~fwk` Ckkwco Dzftpl Zcpg/ DKMG 1 Dfugzkagkp Rgzumbgr/ Kfp mkbow`g` gorgtlgzg/ ]f] 1 ]gcz fk ]gcz+
Kfpg8 Dfugzkagkp rgzumbgr kfp mkbow`g` gorgtlgzg+ Emdwzgr mk WR$ amoomfk+
Rfwzbg8 Zgrgzug Jcki fe Mk`mc/ Lck`jffi fe Rpcpmrpmbr/ :>>=
G|~fzpr fe rfeptczg ck` MPgR mkbzgcrg` pf WR$0>+2 jmoomfk mk :>>4>< bfa~czg` pf WR$5+2 jmoomfkmk :>>>>3+ Fwp fe plg WR$0>+2 jmoomfk mk :>>4>+= jmoomfk bfkrpmpwpg` MPgR!J^F rgzumbgr ,Pcjog 5-+
Pcjog 58 G|~fzpr fe Rfeptczg Rgzumbgr/ 3==7=5 pf :>>4>> 2/2=4 757 2/=5::>>>>3 7/033 =2> 5/203:>>3>: 5/>53 3/0=7 4/775:>>:>2 4/3>> :/7>> =/5>>:>>2>0 =/:>> 2/5>> 3:/>:>>0>7 32/3>> 0/5>> 34/4>>:>>7>5 34/2>> 5/2>> :2/5>>:>>4>< :=/0>> 3>/=>> 0>/2>>
MP 1 mkefzacpmfk pgblkfofd}/ MPgR!J^F 1 mkefzacpmfk pgblkfofd}!gkcjog` rgzumbgr ck` jwrmkgrr ~zfbgrrmkd fwprfwzbmkd+
Rfwzbg8 Kcpmfkco Crrfbmcpmfk fe Rfeptczg ck` Rgzumbg Bfa~ckmgr+
Dzftpl mk rfeptczg rgzumbgr/ tlmbl bfkrpmpwpgr bofrg pf 7>' fe Mk`mcr g|~fzp fe rgzumbgr/ lcrrlftk zgaczicjog zgrmomgkbg pf plg dofjco roft`ftk mk `gack`+ Mp rlfwo` jg ~fmkpg` fwp plcpbfrp bwppmkd jgbfagr c ~zmfzmp} mk pmagr fe gbfkfamb `gpgzmfzcpmfk+ Plmr ac} acig fwprfwzbmkdafzg cppzcbpmug+
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
19/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
34
Plg jckimkd/ emkckbmco/ ck` mkrwzckbg rgbpfz/ tlmbl lcr jggk plg g~mbgkpgz fe plg dofjcogbfkfamb bzmrmr/ cbbfwkpr efz c~~zf|macpgo} 7>' fe plg zgugkwgr fe MP ck` MPgR ~zfum`gzr+Plmr acigr MP ck` MPgR lmdlo} uwokgzcjog pf plg dofjco roft`ftk mk pgzar fe `goc}g` `gbmrmfkacimkd ck` zg`wbpmfkr mk MP r~gk`mkd j} bwrpfagzr fe ezfkpomkg MP bfa~ckmgr+ Dmugk plgrguwokgzcjmompmgr ck` plg lgcu} `g~gk`gkbg fk fko} c egt aczigpr ,plg WR ck` WI cbbfwkp efz' fe plg aczigp-/ mp mr zgaczicjog plcp plg Mk`mck MP!J^F rgbpfz tcr cjog pf cblmgug cdzftpl zcpg fe :>5>4+
Emdwzg 5 rlftr plg }gcz!fk!}gcz dzftpl zcpg fe `mrcddzgdcpg` rgzumbgr `wzmkd plg dofjcogbfkfamb bzmrmr+ Afrp fe plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz g|~gzmgkbg` c `gbomkg mk plg dzftpl zcpg feg|~fzpr mk :>>=/ g|bg~p efz plg emkckbmco rgzumbgr/ tlmbl g|~gzmgkbg` c zmrg mk mpr g|~fzpdzftpl+ Pzcugo/ mkrwzckbg/ jwrmkgrr rgzumbgr/ ck` bfaawkmbcpmfk rgzumbgr coo g|~gzmgkbg` ckgdcpmug g|~fzp dzftpl+
Emdwzg 58 Dzftpl Zcpg fe Mk`mcr G|~fzpr/ :>>4>< pf :>>=
Dzftpl Zcpg ,]f]- fe Mk`mcr G|~fzpr fe @mrcddzgdcpg` Rgzumbgr
! :>
! 3>
>
3>
:>
2>
0>
7>
PfpcoRgzumbgr
PzcugoPzckr~fzpcpmfk
Mkrwzckbg
D+k+m+g+RfeptczgRgzumbgr
JwrmkgrrRgzumbgr
EmkckbmcoRgzumbgr
BfaawkmbcpmfkRgzumbgr
:>>4!>>=,]f] DzftplZcpg-
DKMG 1 Dfugzkagkp Rgzumbgr/ Kfp mkbow`g` gorgtlgzg/ ]f] 1 }gcz!fk!}gcz+
Rfwzbg8 Zgrgzug Jcki fe Mk`mc/ Lck`jffi fe Rpcpmrpmbr/ :>>=
Coplfwdl plg zcpg fe dzftpl fe rfeptczg rgzumbgr `gbzgcrg` ezfa :5' mk :>>4>< pf 35' mk:>>=/ mp bfkpmkwgr pf zgacmk ~frmpmug ck` zgocpmugo} lmdl+ Plg ~frmpmug ckkwco dzftpl mkMk`mcr g|~fzp fe rfeptczg rgzumbgr rlftr plcp `gr~mpg plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr ogc`mkd pf cecoo mk plg g|~fzp dzftpl fe rfeptczg rgzumbgr/ dzftpl lcr rpmoo zgacmkg` cp czfwk` 35' mk:>>=+ Swczpgzo} pzgk`r ,Emdwzg 4- rlft plg ecoo mk g|~fzp dzftpl afzg bogczo}+ Bfa~czmkdplg swczpgzo} dzftpl mk :>>= pf plg rcag swczpgz mk plg ~zgumfwr }gcz tg emk` plcp rmkbg S2:>>=/ plg `gbomkg mk plg g|~fzp fe rgzumbgr lcr jggk rlcz~+ Plg dzftpl zcpg mk pfpcorgzumbgr g|~fzpr jgbcag kgdcpmug mk S0 :>>
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
20/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
3>=
Swczpgzo} Dzftpl mk :>>= umr!!umr plg Rcag Swczpgz mk :>>=
! 5>
! 0>
! :>
>
:>
0>
5>
3>>
Rgzumbgr
Pzcugo
Pzckr~fzpcpmfk
Mkrwzckbg
Rfeptczg
Rgzumbgr
Jwrmkgrr
Rgzumbgr
Emkckbmco
Rgzumbgr
Bfaawkmbcpmfk
Rgzumbgr
DZS3
DZS:
DZS2
DZ 0
DZS 1 Dzftpl Zcpg Swczpgz+
Rfwzbg8 Zgrgzug Jcki fe Mk`mc/ Lck`jffi fe Rpcpmrpmbr/ :>>=+
Tmplmk plg rfeptczg rgzumbgr/ cbbfz`mkd pf plg Kcpmfkco Crrfbmcpmfk fe Rfeptczg ck` RgzumbgrBfa~ckmgr ,:>>=-/ Mk`mck MP!J^F dzgt j} 3:' mk E]:>>= pf zgcbl WR$43+4 jmoomfk mk cddzgdcpgzgugkwg+ Rfeptczg rgzumbgr g|~fzpr ,mkbow`mkd g|~fzpr fe MP rgzumbgr/ J^F/ gkdmkggzmkd rgzumbgrck` zgrgczbl ck` `gugof~agkp YZ%@Q/ ck` rfeptczg ~zf`wbpr- zgcblg` WR$04 jmoomfk/ bfkpzmjwpmkdkgczo} 55' pf plg fugzcoo MP!J^F zgugkwg cddzgdcpg+
Fkg fe plg zgcrfkr efz plg dzftmkd `gack` efz Mk`mck MP!J^F rgzumbgr mr plcp coplfwdl plg WR,5>'- ck` plg WI ,3='- zgacmkg` plg oczdgrp MP!J^F g|~fzp aczigpr mk E]:>>>
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
21/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
3=
0+ PLG DOFJCO GBFKFAMB BZMRMR CK@ PLG ZFOG FE@FAGRPMB @GACK@ EFZ MK@MCR RGZUMBGR
Plg ckco}rmr mk plg ~zgumfwr rgbpmfk rlftr plcp plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr lcr c`ugzrgo} ceegbpg`plg dzftpl zcpg fe plg g|~fzp fe coafrp coo rgzumbgr+ @gr~mpg plmr/ plg dzftpl zcpg fe afrp fe plgrgzumbgr lcr zgacmkg` ~frmpmug ogc`mkd pf ck mkbzgcrg mk plg bfkpzmjwpmfk fe plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz pf
plg pfpco D@^ ezfa 52' mk :>>4>< pf 57' mk :>>=+ Fkg fe plg ~zfjcjog zgcrfkr efz plmrdzftpl mk plg rgbpfzr bfkpzmjwpmfk `gr~mpg plg `gbomkg mk g|~fzpr mr dzftmkd `fagrpmb `gack`/tlmbl cbbfwkpg` efz 44+5' fe plg rgzumbgr rgbpfzr dzftpl+
Lcooaczir fe plg zfjwrp dzftpl fe plg Mk`mck gbfkfa} mk :>>2>< lcug jggk zfjwrp `fagrpmb`gack` ck` c oft rlczg fe g|pgzkco `gack`+ Plmr lcr ~zfum`g` plg gbfkfa} ck mk!jwmop zgrmomgkbgpf g|pgzkco `gack` rlfbir/ gr~gbmcoo} mk plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz+ Plg bfkpzmjwpmfk fe ~zmucpgbfkrwa~pmfk pf D@^ dzftpl mkbzgcrg` ezfa 05+2' mk :>>7>5 pf 72+>7>5 pf ' mk :>>4>>=/ `wg pf plg afugagkpfe plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr mkpf zgco rgbpfz dzftpl/ plg bfkpzmjwpmfk fe ~zmucpg bfkrwa~pmfk pfD@^ dzftpl egoo `zcrpmbcoo} pf :4'+ Plmr `gbomkg tcr bwrlmfkg` j} c rwjrpckpmco 2:+7' mkbzgcrg mk
plg bfkpzmjwpmfk fe dfugzkagkp bfkrwa~pmfk pf cddzgdcpg dzftpl+ Mk :>>=/ plg bfkpzmjwpmfk fe`fagrpmb `gack` pf cddzgdcpg dzftpl fe D@^/ plgzgefzg/ mkbzgcrg` ezfa 00+7' mk :>>4>< pf7=+7' mk :>>=9 tlmog g|pgzkco `gack`/ cr rggk j} plg kgp g|~fzp fe dff`r ck` rgzumbgr cr c~gzbgkpcdg fe D@^/ `gbzgcrg` ezfa 0+5' mk :>>4>< pf 5+>7 mk :>>=+ 7
Pcjog 48 Bfkpzmjwpmfk fe @fagrpmb @gack` ck` G|pgzkco @gack` pf D@^ dzftpl
Plwr/ gugk mk plgecbg fe c `zcrpmb ecoo mk g|pgzkco `gack`/ plg ecoo mk D@^ dzftpl tcr af`gzcpg`+
Dzftpl fe D@^:>>2>0 :>>0>7 :>>7>5 :>>5>4 :>>4>< :>>=
D@^ cp aczigp p ~zmbgr >=3>+
7Acbzfgbfkfamb ck` Afkgpcz} @gugof~agkpr/ Emzrp Swczpgz zgumgt :>>=3>/ ZJM+
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
22/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
:>
Zgdcz`mkd plg zfog ~oc}g` j} `fagrpmb `gack` mk jwmo`mkd plg zgrmomgkbg fe plg Mk`mck rgzumbgrrgbpfz dzftpl/ mp bck jg rggk plcp plgzg lcr jggk fko} c aczdmkco `gbomkg mk plg dzftpl fe ~zmucpgemkco bfkrwa~pmfk g|~gk`mpwzg efz rgzumbgr omig pzckr~fzp ck` bfaawkmbcpmfk mk :>>4>< crbfa~czg` pf :>>5>49 tlmog ~zmucpg emkco bfkrwa~pmfk mkbzgcrg` efz rgzumbgr omig ag`mbco bczgck` lgcopl rgzumbgr/ zgbzgcpmfk/ g`wbcpmfk ck` bwopwzco rgzumbgr/ ck` amrbgoockgfwr dff`r ck`rgzumbgr+5
@fagrpmb `gack` corf ~zfum`g` awbl!kgg`g` rw~~fzp efz plg dzftpl fe plg MPgR ck` J^Frgzumbgr+ Rfeptczg ck` rgzumbgr g|~fzpr czg g|~gbpg` pf lcug zgcblg` WR$04 jmoomfk ck` plg`fagrpmb aczigp mr g|~gbpg` pf lcug zgcblg` WR$3:+5 jmoomfk mk E]:>>= ,Emdwzg +0
04+>
>
7
3>
37
:>
:7
2>
27
0>
07
7>
E] :>>2 E] :>>0 E] :>>7 E] :>>5 E] :>>4 E] :>>< E] :>>=G
Zgugkwg,WR$jmoomfk-
@fagrpmb G| fzpr
G 1 Grpmacpg`/ E] 1 emrbco }gcz/ MP 1 mkefzacpmfk pgblkfofd}+
Rfwzbg8 KCRRBFA/ Ecbprlggpr8 :>>< ck` :>>=+
Dzftpl fe `fagrpmb bfkrwa~pmfk ,}gcz!fk!}gcz- efz MP rgzumbgr mkbzgcrg` ezfa ::+:' mk :>>4>>4>< pf 07+7' mk :>>=+ Lftgugz/ dzftpl mk g|~fzpr efz jfpl MP rgzumbgr ck` MP!J^F rgzumbgr `gbzgcrg` mk plmr ~gzmf` `wg pf plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr+ Ugzpmbco rgdagkpr fe plg
MP rgzumbgr corf tmpkgrrg` c zmrg mk plgmz `fagrpmb `gack`+ Dzftpl fe `fagrpmb `gack` efzgkdmkggzmkd ck` Z%@ ck` rfeptczg rgzumbgr mkbzgcrg` ezfa :2+37' mk :>>4>< pf 2>+5' mk:>>= ,Pcjog >=+
5Rgg Gbfkfamb Rwzug} ,:>>=!3>-/ ~~ 7
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
23/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
:3
Pcjog >7:>>>7 E]:>>5 E]:>>4 E]:>> 22+> 27+2 :>+> 7>+> ::+: 07+7
Gkdmkggzmkd Rgzumbgr ck` Z%@/Rfeptczg ,G|~fzpr- :0+> :=+> ::+7 2>+5Gkdmkggzmkd Rgzumbgr ck` Z%@/Rfeptczg ,@fagrpmb- 47+> >< ck` :>>=
Plgrg pzgk`r lmdlomdlp plg zfog ~oc}g` j} `fagrpmb `gack` mk ampmdcpmkd plg c`ugzrg ma~cbp fe plgdofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr fk plg dzftpl fe ack} rgzumbgr rgbpfzr/ mkbow`mkd plfrg plcp czg acmko}g|~fzpcjog rgzumbgr omig plg MP!J^F rgzumbgr+
Plg ompgzcpwzg rw~~fzpr plg dzftmkd wrg fe MP!J^F rgzumbgr `fagrpmbcoo}+ C~czp ezfa MP!J^F/dzftpl fe `fagrpmb `gack` efz afrp rgzumbgr mkbzgcrgr zc~m`o} cr plg gbfkfa} dzftr+ ^mocp,:>>>- efwk` plcp tmpl plg mkbzgcrmkd bfa~og|mpmgr fe af`gzk mk`wrpzmco fzdckmxcpmfkr/ackwecbpwzmkd cbpmumpmgr lcug jgbfag afzg ck` afzg rgzumbg mkpgkrmug jfpl w~rpzgca ,g+d+/`grmdk ck` Z%@- ck` `ftkrpzgca ,g+d+/ aczigpmkd ck` c`ugzpmrmkd-+ Ewzplgz/ lg czdwgr plcp plgbfa~gpmpmug c`uckpcdg fe emzar tmoo `g~gk` afzg fk ~zfum`mkd r~gbmcomxg` rgzumbgr omig emkckbmkdck` cepgz!rcogr ecbmompmgr plck fk ~zf`wbpmfk+ Plmr g|~ocmkr plg mkbzgcrg` `gack` efz mkpgzag`mcpgr~gbmcomxg` rgzumbgr+
Tmpl zgr~gbp pf plg `gugof~mkd gbfkfamgr/ plg zmrg mk rgzumbg mk~wpr mkpf ackwecbpwzmkd lcr jggkbfkemzag` j} c kwajgz fe ga~mzmbco rpw`mgr/ mkbow`mkd ^czi ,3=' jgptggk 3=4= ck` 3==2=0+
Plg mkbzgcrg` wrcdg fe rgzumbgr j} plg ackwecbpwzmkd rgbpfz tcr grpmacpg` j} Jckdc ck`Dfo`cz ,:>>0- efz plg 3=r ck` 3==>r+ Efz plmr ~wz~frg/ plg} ga~mzmbcoo} grpmacpg` plgbfkpzmjwpmfk fe rgzumbgr cr ck mk~wp pf ackwecbpwzmkd ,fzdckmxg`- fwp~wp dzftpl mk Mk`mckackwecbpwzmkd wrmkd plg IOGAR ,bc~mpco/ ocjfz/ gkgzd}/ acpgzmcor/ rgzumbgr- ~zf`wbpmfk ewkbpmfk+Plg zgrwopr fe plg ckco}rmr `gafkrpzcpg` plcp plg wrg fe rgzumbgr lc` c rmdkmembckp ecufzcjog geegbpfk plg dzftpl fe fwp~wp ezfa Mk`mck ackwecbpwzmkd mk plg 3==>r+ Plg bfkpzmjwpmfk fe rgzumbg mk~wppf fwp~wp dzftpl mk ackwecbpwzmkd tcr cjfwp 3' mk plg 3=r/ ck` mp mkbzgcrg` pf cjfwp :7' mkplg 3==>r+
7+ ZFOG FE ^ZF@WBPMUMP] DZFTPL MK MK@MCR RGZUMBGRRGBPFZ
Plg zgrmomgkp dzftpl fe Mk`mcr rgzumbgr rgbpfz ck` plg rgbpfzr mkbzgcrmkd bfkpzmjwpmfk pf D@^dzftpl `wzmkd plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr bck jg g|~ocmkg` pf c oczdg g|pgkp j} plg mkbzgcrmkd`fagrpmb `gack` efz rgzumbgr+ Lftgugz/ plg agzg ~zgrgkbg fe `gack` mr kfp rweembmgkp efz crgbpfz pf dzft+ Corf fe ma~fzpckbg czg plg rw~~o}!rm`g ecbpfzr plcp cooft plg g|~ckrmfk fe fwp~wp
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
24/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
::
pf aggp plg g|mrpmkd `gack`+ ^zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mr ck ma~fzpckp ecbpfz plcp gkcjogr rgbpfzr pfdzft rpgc`mo} ck` mkbzgcrg plgmz rlczg fe plg pfpco D@^+ Wrmkd emza!ogugo `cpc/ ck cppga~p lcrjggk ac`g pf grpmacpg ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mk rgzumbgr emzar mk Mk`mc mk plzgg rgbpfzr8zgpcmo&tlfogrcog pzc`g/ rfeptczg rgzumbgr/ ck` jckimkd rgzumbgr+ Mp awrp jg kfpg`/ lftgugz/ plcp cugz} omampg` cafwkp fe ompgzcpwzg g|mrpr plcp grpmacpgr ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mk rgzumbgr plzfwdl plgm`gkpmembcpmfk ck` agcrwzgagkp fe plg fwp~wpr ck` mk~wpr fe rgzumbgr rgbpfzr/ ck` plg ompgzcpwzgplcp `fgr g|mrp mr dgkgzcoo} jgrgp tmpl bfkbg~pwco ~zfjogar+
7+3 Plg @gjcpg fk Rgzumbgr Ugzrwr Dff`r ^zf`wbpmump}
Mp lcr jggk czdwg` mk plg ompgzcpwzg plcp rgzumbgr czg ogrr ~zf`wbpmug plck dff`r+ Mk zgr~fkrg pfIco`fz ,3=55-/ tlf ga~lcrmxg` plcp ocjfz mk plg kfk!ackwecbpwzmkd rgbpfz mr ogrr ~zf`wbpmug/ack} rpw`mgr lcug cppga~pg` pf g|camkg plg ocddmkd rgzumbg rgbpfz ~zf`wbpmump}+ Jcwafo ,3=54-~fmkpr fwp plcp ~zf`wbpmump} ma~zfugagkpr mk rgzumbgr czg lcz`gz pf cblmgug plck mk dff`r~zf`wbmkd mk`wrpzmgr+ Plg wkjcockbg` dzftpl af`gor j} Jcwafo ck` Ewblr ,3=5
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
25/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
:2
,mm- mp mr `meembwop pf m`gkpme} ~zgbmrgo} tlcp bfkrpmpwpgr c rgzumbg cbpmump} mk c ~czpmbwocz mk`wrpz}ck` pf cbbfwkp bfzzgbpo} efz plg swcomp} blckdgr mk plg rgzumbgr+ Plmr mr ewzplgz bfa~ombcpg``wg pf mkc~~zf~zmcpg `geocpfzr plcp czg kfp cjog pf `mrpmkdwmrl jgptggk swcomp}ma~zfugagkpr/
,mmm- plg swckpmp} fe rgzumbgr mr `meembwop pf bc~pwzg/ cr mp fepgk zg~zgrgkpr c ~zfbgrr j} tlmbl cwrgz ,bfkrwagz- fz plg wrgzr dff` mr blckdg` ,Lmoo 3=44-/
,mu- bfa~czg` pf dff`r ack} rgzumbgr czg blczcbpgzmxg` j} c dzgcpgz `gdzgg fe lgpgzfdgkgmp},gugk wkmswgkgrr- rf mp mr `meembwop pf cddzgdcpg plga/ ck`
,u- plg swcomp} fe `cpc fk plg rgzumbgr mr ~ffz+
C~czp ezfa plg ~zfjogar mk plg agcrwzgagkp fe fwp~wp ck` ocjfz mk~wp/ mp mr corf zgbfdkmxg` plcpplgzg mr kf fugzcoo plgag pf plg agcrwzgagkp ~zfjogar mk plg `meegzgkp rgzumbgr+ R~gbmembagcrwzgagkp ~zfjogar c~~gcz pf jg wkmswg pf plg rgzumbgr agcrwzg`+
7+2 Agcrwzgagkp fe Pfpco Ecbpfz ^zf`wbpmump} Dzftpl mk Ig} Rgzumbgr
@wg pf plg zfog ~oc}g` j} ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mk plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz/ tg lcug grpmacpg` PE^D mkrfag fe plg ig} rgzumbgr mk Mk`mc ck` ~zfum`g ~fomb} zgbfaagk`cpmfkr efz ma~zfumkd plg~zf`wbpmump} ck` geembmgkb} fe plgrg rgzumbgr+ Plg rgzumbgr g|camkg` czg plfrg plcp lcug c lmdl
rlczg mk plg pfpco rgzumbgr fwp~wp ck` plfrg plcp czg corf bfkpzmjwpmkd pf plg dzftpl fe plg rgzumbgrrgbpfz+ Me ~zf`wbpmump} zmrgr mk plgrg rgzumbgr/ plg ~fpgkpmco dcmkr pf plg gbfkfa} bfwo` jg ugz}lmdl/ cr plgrg rgzumbgr mk pwzk tmoo ma~zfug ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mk plg fplgz rgbpfzr mk tlmbl plg}czg tm`go} wrg`+ Plg rgzumbgr g|camkg` czg pzc`g ,zgpcmo&tlfogrcog-/ rfeptczg rgzumbgr/ ck`emkckbmco rgzumbgr+ C emza!ogugo ckco}rmr tcr wk`gzpcigk pf grpmacpg PE^D fugz pmag mk plgrgrgbpfzr+
Dmugk plg kcpwzg fe plg zgpcmo rgzumbgr mk Mk`mc tlgzg fko} :' fe zgpcmo cbpmumpmgr czg wk`gzpcigk mkplg fzdckmxg` rgbpfz/ ck` plg ecbp plcp `cpc czg fko} cucmocjog efz c ugz} oft kwajgz fe fzdckmxg`zgpcmo emzar/ wk`gzpcimkd ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl grpmacpgr efz Mk`mc cp plg emza ogugo lcr jggk cufm`g`+Lftgugz/ jzfc` ~fomb} `mzgbpmfkr efz ma~zfumkd plg geembmgkb} fe plg rgbpfz czg dmugk+ Efz rfeptczgrgzumbgr/ c emza ogugo ckco}rmr tcr wk`gzpcigk efz 3< MP emzar efz plg ~gzmf` 3==0=7 pf :>>4>4>< ,3> }gczr-+
7+2+3 ^zf`wbpmump} Agcrwzgagkp8 Agplf`fofd} C`f~pg`
^zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mk afrp fe plg rgzumbgr mr gmplgz grpmacpg` wrmkd ocjfz ~zf`wbpmump} grpmacpgr/m+g+/ fwp~wp agcrwzg` ~gz wkmp fe ocjfz ga~of}g`/ fz j} bfkrpzwbpmkd awopmecbpfz ~zf`wbpmump}mk`mbgr+ Bcobwocpmfkr fe awopmecbpfz ~zf`wbpmump} pcig mkpf cbbfwkp bc~mpco mk~wpr cr tgoo crga~of}agkp ck` lfwzr tfzig`+ Ack} rpw`mgr lcug efwk` plcp plg awopmecbpfz ~zf`wbpmump} `cpc mrjzfc`o} bfkrmrpgkp tmpl plg ocjfz ~zf`wbpmump} kwajgzr/ ,g+d+/ Acbogck 3==4-/ jwp plg awopmecbpfz~zf`wbpmump} mk`mbgr czg bfkrm`gzg` pf jg rw~gzmfz cr plg} zgocpg pf pfpco ecbpfz ~zf`wbpmump},Tfzplmkdpfk 3===-+
Afrp fe plg rpw`mgr mk plg bwzzgkp ompgzcpwzg wrg @GC/ tlmbl mr c omkgcz ~zfdzcaamkd agplf`fofd}
plcp bfkrpzwbpr c kfk~czcagpzmb/ ~mgbgtmrg!omkgcz/ jgrp!~zcbpmbg ezfkpmgz ezfa fjrgzucjog mk~wp ck`fwp~wp `cpc pf agcrwzg ~zf`wbpmump} mk `meegzgkp rgzumbgr rgbpfzr+ Wrmkd @GC/ Acoaswmrp mk`mbgrczg grpmacpg` pf czzmug cp pfpco ecbpfz ~zf`wbpmump}+ 4
4Mk plmr rpw`}/ @GC^8 Ugzrmfk :+3 ,tzmppgk j} Pma Bfgoom- tcr wrg`+
Plmr mk`g| mr c ucowcjog pffo rmkbg mp cooftr efzplg `gbfa~frmpmfk fe ~zf`wbpmump} mkpf ptf bfa~fkgkpr8 mkkfucpmfk ck` mampcpmfk+ Mkkfucpmfk/ tlmblmr corf zgegzzg` pf cr pgblkfofdmbco blckdg/ bc~pwzgr ck} g|~ckrmfk fe plg ~zf`wbpmfk ~frrmjmompmgrezfkpmgz+ Mampcpmfk bc~pwzgr plg bfkugzdgkbg fe emzar pftcz` plg g|mrpmkd pgblkfofd}9 plmr
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
26/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
:0
~lgkfagkfk mr corf bcoog` geembmgkb} blckdg fz bcpblmkd w~+ @GC lcr jggk afrp tm`go} wrg` efzgrpmacpmkd ~zf`wbpmump} mk rgzumbgr rgbpfzr+
Fkg zgcrfk efz ~zgegzzmkd @GC pf fplgz c~~zfcblgr mr plcp @GC `fgr kfp zgswmzg c ~zgbfkbgmug`rpzwbpwzg fz r~gbmemb ewkbpmfkco efza pf jg ma~frg` fk plg `cpc mk m`gkpme}mkd ck` `gpgzamkmkd plggeembmgkp ezfkpmgz/ gzzfz/ ck` mkgeembmgkb} rpzwbpwzgr fe plg emzar+ Lcjcjfw ,:>>:- ewzplgz c``r plcp mpmr jgppgz pf c`f~p plg @GC pgblkmswg tlgk mp lcr jggk rlftk plcp c bfaafko} cdzgg` ewkbpmfkco
efza zgocpmkd mk~wpr pf fwp~wpr mr `meembwop pf ~zfug fz emk`+ Rwbl r~gbmemb ewkbpmfkco efza mr pzwo}`meembwop pf rlft efz plg rgbpfzr ckco}xg`/ tlmbl czg emkckbmco rgzumbgr gkpmpmgr/ MP emzar/ ck`lfr~mpcor+ Cuimzck ,3===- cbikftog`dgr plg g`dg fe @GC j} rpcpmkd plcp plmr pgblkmswg cooftr plgzgrgczblgzr pf blffrg ck} imk` fe mk~wp ck` fwp~wp `g~gk`mkd fk plg fjhgbpmug fe plg g|gzbmrg/zgdcz`ogrr fe `meegzgkp agcrwzgagkp wkmprplgzg mr kf kgg` efz rpck`cz`mxcpmfk+ Lftgugz/ plgacmk tgcikgrr fe @GC mr plcp mp crrwagr plg `cpc czg ezgg ezfa agcrwzgagkp gzzfzr+Ewzplgzafzg/ rmkbg geembmgkb} mr agcrwzg` mk c zgocpmug tc}/ mpr ckco}rmr mr bfkemkg` pf plg rca~ogrgp wrg`+ Plmr agckr plcp ck geembmgkp emza efwk` mk ck ckco}rmr bckkfp jg bfa~czg` tmpl fplgzemzar fwprm`g fe plg rca~og+
7+2+: ^zf`wbpmump} Dzftpl mk MP emzar
Dmugk plg rmdkmembckbg fe plg MP rgbpfz mk plg cddzgdcpg rgzumbgr rgbpfz/ jfpl mk pgzar fe `fagrpmb
ck` g|pgzkco `gack`/ ck cppga~p lcr jggk ac`g pf grpmacpg blckdg mk PE^D wrmkd c ~ckgo fe 3>4>< ,30 }gczr-+ Rmkbg plg fjhgbpmug mr pf ckco}xg tlgplgzplgzg lcr jggk ck ma~zfugagkp mk ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl fugz pmag/ c ofkd pmag ~gzmf` lcr jggkrgogbpg`+ Pf czzmug cp c jcockbg` ~ckgo/ plg kwajgz fe emzar tcr omampg`+ +>000 3+3:>2 >+:4:3==5=4 >+7=23 >+>5=< >+=405 >+70+53>< >+4042 >+=:42 >+=252
3==+7033 3+23:5 3+:22>
3===>> >+45>2 >++=45> >+=>5=
:>>>>3 3+:25= 3+:354 >+=:42 3+>=2>
:>>3>: 3+=:4: :+:33< >+=203 >+4>:>2 3+37+==4< >+=0>2>0 3+:7+=707 3+:37>
:>>0>7 3+4:2: 3+5< 3+2=5: >+505:
:>>7>5 3+7:0= >+0430 3+:270 3+4>< >+7425 >+4=>7 >+4:20 3+>7=4
Ckkwco Dzftpl,3==7>>- ,22+0-' ,40+0-' 7+20' ,2+>3-'
Ckkwco Dzftpl,:>>>>>>> mk`mbcpgr kf blckdg mk ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl/ rf 3+>3 ck` g|~gzmgkbg` ck ckkwco ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl fe :4+2' mk :>>>
:>>4+Awbl fe plg blckdg mk PE^D ~frp!:>>> bck jg g|~ocmkg` j} pgblkfofdmbco blckdg ck`mkkfucpmfk+ ^zf`wbpmump} `wg pf geembmgkb} ma~zfugagkpr mkbzgcrg` j} ck cugzcdg ckkwco dzftplzcpg fe 2+=:'/ tlmog ~zf`wbpmump} `wg pf pgblkmbco blckdg ck` pgblkfofdmbco ~zfdzgrr mkbzgcrg` j}32+2'+ Plg rbcog geegbp tcr zgocpmugo} ogrr ma~fzpckp efz ma~zfumkd ~zf`wbpmump}+
Fugzcoo plg zgrwopr mk`mbcpg plcp ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl lcr jggk ck ma~fzpckp ecbpfz mk plg dzftpl ferfeptczg rgzumbgr mk Mk`mc/ gr~gbmcoo} ~frp!:>>>+ Plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr og` pf c ecoo mk~zf`wbpmump} mk :>>4>>2>0 pf:>>4>< ,3> }gczr-+ @cpc tcr g|pzcbpg` ezfa plg Bc~mpco Omkg `cpcjcrg/ tlmbl ~zfum`gr `cpc efzcoo plg omrpg` emzar mk Mk`mc+
Jckir czg p}~mbcoo} awopm!mk~wp ck` awopm!fwp~wp emzar+ Cr c zgrwop/ `gemkmkd tlcp bfkrpmpwpgr mk~wpck` fwp~wp mr ezcwdlp tmpl `meembwopmgr/ rmkbg ack} fe plg emkckbmco rgzumbgr czg hfmkpo} ~zf`wbg` ck`~zmbgr czg p}~mbcoo} crrmdkg` pf c jwk`og fe emkckbmco rgzumbgr+ C``mpmfkcoo}/ jckir ac} kfp jglfafdgkgfwr tmpl zgr~gbp pf plg p}~gr fe fwp~wp cbpwcoo} ~zf`wbg`+ Dmugk plgrg omampcpmfkr/
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
28/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
:5
efooftmkd fkg fe plg bfaafk c~~zfcblgr wrg` mk plg ompgzcpwzg ,g+d+/ Jgzd gp co+ 3==2-/ ofckr/c`uckbgr/ ck` `g~frmpr tgzg wrg` cr plg fwp~wpr/ ck` ocjfz ck` bc~mpco ,~ockpr ck` acblmkgz}-tgzg wrg` cr plg mk~wpr+ C rwaacz} fe plg zgrwopr mr zg~fzpg` mk Pcjog 3>+
Plg zgrwopr rlft plcp pfpco ecbpfz ~zf`wbpmump} mk jckir dzgt cp ck ckkwco dzftpl fe 33+:4' mk plg~gzmf` 3===>>4>'PE^ 1 pfpco ecbpfz ~zf`wbpmump}/ PE^D 1 pfpco ecbpfz ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl+
Rfwzbg8 Cwplfzr Bcobwocpmfkr
Mk`mck jckir lcug jggk dzc`wcoo} `gzgdwocpg` ck` ptf achfz ecbpfzr lcug jggk cp tfzi8 crmdkmembckp rlmep mk plg jgrp!~zcbpmbg ezfkpmgz/ tlmbl tcr `zmugk j} c bfajmkcpmfk fe pgblkfofdmbcoc`uckbgr/ emkckbmco mkkfucpmfk/ ck` `meegzgkp rpzcpgdmgr rwmpg` pf gcbl jckir jwrmkgrr ~lmofrf~l}ck` zmrizgpwzk ~zfemog9 ck` plg blckdmkd bfa~frmpmfk fe jckir mk~wpfwp~wp ck` zg`wbpmfk mk pfpcobfrp `wg pf ma~zfugagkpr mk fugzcoo geembmgkb}+ Tlmog mp mr `meembwop pf ~mk~fmkp plg g|cbp zgocpmug am|fe plgrg ecbpfzr mk zcmrmkd ~zf`wbpmump}/ plg bfkbowrmfk mr bogcz8 ~frp!:>>>/ Mk`mck jckir lcugtmpkgrrg` rmdkmembckp ~zf`wbpmump} ma~zfugagkpr+
5+ DZFTPL ZGJCOCKBMKD8 ZFOG FE DFUGZKAGKP^FOMBMGR
Plg ckco}rmr mk plg gczomgz rgbpmfkr lmdlomdlpr plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz zfog mk rwrpcmkmkd plg dzftpl zcpgfe plg Mk`mck gbfkfa} `wzmkd plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr ck` plg rgbpfzr zfog mk jwmo`mkd plgzgrmomgkbg fe plg gbfkfa}+ @wg pf plg dzftmkd bfkpzmjwpmfk fe plg rgbpfz pf D@^ ck` mpr zmrmkd~zf`wbpmump}/ plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz lcr gagzdg` cr plg afrp `}kcamb rgbpfz mk plg gbfkfa}+ Ack}
ecbpfzr bfkpzmjwpg` pf rwrpcmkmkd plg dzftpl fe plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz `wzmkd plg dofjco gbfkfambbzmrmr+ Plg oft zcpmf fe rgzumbgr g|~fzpr pf D@^ ck` plg omampg` `mzgbp g|~frwzg fe Mk`mck jckir pfplg WR afzpdcdg aczigp ck` rpzgrrg` mkpgzkcpmfkco emkckbmco mkrpmpwpmfkr bfkrm`gzcjo} zg`wbg` plg`mzgbp ma~cbp fe plg bzmrmr+
Dzftmkd `fagrpmb `gack` ~zfum`g` c awbl!kgg`g` bwrlmfk pf plg ecoomkd g|pgzkco `gack` fe plgocrp ptf }gczr+ Awbl fe plmr `fagrpmb `gack` tcr gkdmkggzg` j} ck mkbzgcrg mk dfugzkagkp emkcobfkrwa~pmfk tlgk jfpl ~zmucpg emkco bfkrwa~pmfk ck` mkugrpagkpr `gbgogzcpg`+ Plg zmrg mkdfugzkagkp bfkrwa~pmfk bcag mk plg efza fe efwz emrbco rpmawowr ~cbicdgr+ Plgrg ~cbicdgrmkbow`g` pc| zgomger pf jffrp `gack` ck` mkbzgcrg` g|~gk`mpwzg fk ~wjomb ~zfhgbpr pf bzgcpg
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
29/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
:4
ga~of}agkp ck` dgkgzcpg dzftpl mk plg gbfkfa}+ Plmr lcr og` pf ck mkbzgcrg mk emrbco `gembmp ezfa:+4' fe plg D@^ mk :>>4>< pf 5+:' fe plg D@^ mk :>>=+
C~czp ezfa bfwkpgzcbpmkd ecoomkd ~zmucpg bfkrwa~pmfk j} mkbzgcrmkd mpr g|~gk`mpwzg/ plg Mk`mckDfugzkagkpr zgr~fkrg pf plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr bck jggk rggk cp uczmfwr fplgz ogugor+ Ckwajgz fe afkgpcz} gcrmkd ck` omswm`mp} gklckbmkd agcrwzgr lcug jggk wk`gzpcigk/ mkbow`mkdzg`wbpmfkr mk plg bcrl zgrgzug zcpmf/ rpcpwpfz} omswm`mp} zcpmf/ ck` fplgz ig} zcpgr+ Plg fjhgbpmug lcr
jggk pf gcrg omswm`mp} mk plg gbfkfa} ck` jffrp bfkrwagz ck` mkugrpfz bfkem`gkbg+ Pf ewoemoorfbmco fjhgbpmugr `wzmkd plg bzmrmr/ plg dfugzkagkp mkbzgcrg` mpr g|~gk`mpwzg fk rfbmco rgzumbgr+Plg rlczg fe rfbmco rgzumbgr g|~gk`mpwzg mk pfpco dfugzkagkp g|~gk`mpwzg mkbzgcrg` ezfa 3=' mk:>>:>2 pf ::' mk :>>4>>+ Plg Kcpmfkco Rca~og Rwzug} Fzdckmxcpmfkr Ga~of}agkp ck` Wkga~of}agkp Rwzug} efz
= Plg pgza `mrpzmjwpmug pzc`g zgegzr pf tlfogrcog pzc`g ck` zgpcmo pzc`g plcp bck jg `gemkg` cr ck cbp fe ~wzblcrgfe dff`r ck` plgmz `mr~frco j} tc} fe rcog tmplfwp ck} mkpgzag`mcpg ~l}rmbco pzckrefzacpmfk fe dff`r+ Plmr mkbow`grbfaamrrmfk cdgkpr/ bfaaf`mp} jzfigzr ck` cwbpmfkggzr/ ck` coo fplgz tlfogrcogzr tlf pzc`g fk plgmz ftk jglcoe ck`fk plg cbbfwkp fe fplgzr+ Zgpcmo pzc`g bfugzr wkmpr plcp acmko} zgrgoo tmplfwp pzckrefzacpmfk kgt ck` wrg` dff`r efz~gzrfkco fz lfwrglfo` bfkrwa~pmfk+ Plg pgzar tlfogrcog pzc`g ck` zgpcmo pzc`g lcug bfa~zglgkrmugo} jggk `gemkg` mkrgbpmfk D fe plg Kcpmfkco Mk`wrpzmco Bocrrmembcpmfk ,KMB-!:>>0/ tlmbl mr jcrg` fk Mkpgzkcpmfkco Rpck`cz` Mk`wrpzmcoBocrrmembcpmfk Zgu+2+3+ Efz kcpmfkco cbbfwkpmkd mk Mk`mc/ `mrpzmjwpmug pzc`g cbpmumpmgr efza plg ~czp fe plg rgzumbg rgbpfz
fplgz plck ~wjomb c`amkmrpzcpmfk ck` emkckbg+ Plmr rgbpfz bfugzr c tm`g zckdg fe gbfkfamb cbpmumpmgr+ Jgrm`gr plgrgbpfzr fe pzc`g/ lfpgo ck` zgrpcwzckp/ pzckr~fzp/ rpfzcdg/ bfaawkmbcpmfk/ zgco grpcpg ck` ftkgzrlm~ fe `tgoomkdr/jckimkd/ ck` ~wjomb c`amkmrpzcpmfk/ mp corf bfugzr plg rgbpfzr fe jwrmkgrr rgzumbgr ck` fplgz rgzumbgr+ Jwrmkgrrrgzumbgr mkbow`g jwrmkgrr cbbfwkpmkd/ rfeptczg `gugof~agkp ck` `cpc ~zfbgrrmkd/ jwrmkgrr ck` ackcdgagkpbfkrwopckb}/ c`ugzpmrgagkp/ ck` fplgz jwrmkgrr rgzumbgr+ Plg rgbpfz fplgz rgzumbgr bfa~zmrgr g`wbcpmfk/ zgrgczbl %rbmgkpmemb rgzumbgr/ ag`mbco ck` lgcopl rgzumbgr mkbow`mkd ugpgzmkcz} rgzumbgr/ rckmpcz} rgzumbgr/ zgomdmfwr ck` fplgzbfaawkmp} rgzumbgr/ zgbzgcpmfk ck` gkpgzpcmkagkp rgzumbgr/ ck` ~gzrfkco rgzumbgr omig `fagrpmb/ ocwk`z}/ `}gmkd ck``z} bogckmkd/ ck` jczjgzr ck` jgcwp} rlf~r+
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
30/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
:>0>7 zg~fzpr ga~of}agkp mk plg zgpcmo pzc`g fe czfwk` 27+>5 amoomfk/ tlmbl bfkrpmpwpg` cjfwp4+2' fe plg tfziefzbg ,07= amoomfk-+ Plg bfzzgr~fk`mkd zgpcmo ga~of}agkp tcr cjfwp 2>+5: amoomfkmk 3===>>/ tlmbl agckr plcp ck c``mpmfkco 0+00 amoomfk hfjr tgzg c``g` pf plmr rgbpfz mk plg emug!}gcz ~gzmf`/ :>>>>7/ rlftmkd ck ckkwco ga~of}agkp dzftpl fe :+4' ~gz ckkwa+ Tlfogrcogpzc`g/ fk plg fplgz lck`/ bfkpzmjwpg` 7+0< amoomfk hfjr+ Mk`mck zgpcmo mr `famkcpg` j} c oczdgkwajgz fe racoo zgpcmogzr bfkrmrpmkd fe plg ofbco imzckcrlf~r/ tlmbl pfdgplgz acig w~ plg rf!bcoog` wkfzdckmxg` zgpcmo fz pzc`mpmfkco zgpcmo/ tmpl c dzc`wcoo} zmrmkd fzdckmxg` zgpcmo rgbpfz+ Plgpfpco kwajgz fe fzdckmxg` zgpcmo fwpogpr zfrg ezfa 2/3:7 mk :>>3 ,bfugzmkd ck czgc fe 2+2 amoomfkrs+ ep+- pf :4/>45 mk :>>5 ,bfugzmkd ck czgc fe 23 amoomfk rs+ ep+-+
Plg ma~cbp fe plg dofjco bzmrmr fk plg zgpcmo&tlfogrcog pzc`g rgbpfz lcr jggk oft+ Mk :>>4> ~gzbgkpcdg ~fmkpr mk :>>5>4+ Plmr tcr mk r~mpg fe c romdlp `gbomkg mk plg fugzcoobfkpzmjwpmfk fe plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz pf D@^ dzftpl ezfa 5+= ~gzbgkpcdg ~fmkpr mk :>>5>4 pf 5+4~gzbgkpcdg ~fmkpr mk :>>4>>5>4 ,Kcpmfkco Bfwkbmo fe C~~omg` Gbfkfamb Zgrgczbl/ Aczigp Mkefzacpmfk Rwzug} feLfwrglfo`r-/ tlmbl cafwkpg` pf cjfwp 27' fe Mk`mcr D@^+ Mk`mc mr kft plg rgugkpl oczdgrp zgpcmoaczigp mk plg tfzo`/ ck` plg Mk`mck zgpcmo mk`wrpz} mr ~zfhgbpg` pf dzft pf cjfwp WR$7=> jmoomfk j}:>333: ck` mr plgk pf dzft pf fugz WR$3 pzmoomfk j} :>3534+ Plmr ma~omgr plgzg mr lwdg dzftpl~fpgkpmco mk plg bfwkpz}r zgpcmo rgbpfz+
Afrp fe plg zgpcmo rgbpfz cbpmumpmgr czg mk plg wkfzdckmxg` rgbpfz+ Mk :>>5>4/ fzdckmxg` zgpcmobfkpzmjwpg` zfwdlo} 0' pf plg pfpco Mk`mck zgpcmo rgbpfz/ tlmbl mr ugz} racoo gugk bfa~czg` tmplafrp fe plg gagzdmkd aczigp gbfkfamgr+ Lftgugz/ plg rbgkczmf mr ecrp blckdmkd+ Plg fzdckmxg`zgpcmo zgco grpcpg rgbpfz lcr dzftk ezfa c amkmrbwog >+= amoomfk rs+ ep+ mk 3=== pf :< amoomfk rs+ ep+ mk
:>>5+ Plg dzftpl wkpmo kft lcr jggk zc~m` cp fugz 5>' ~gz ckkwa efz plg ocrp rgugk }gczr,coplfwdl fk c racoogz jcrg- ck` mr g|~gbpg` pf dzft cp ogcrp j} 7>' ~gz ckkwa mk plg kg|p efwzpf emug }gczr+ Mp mr grpmacpg` plcp fzdckmxg` zgpcmo tmoo jg bfkpzmjwpmkd 35' pf plg pfpco Mk`mck zgpcmorgbpfz j} :>333:+ Mk plmr rbgkczmf/ c ocbi fe `fagrpmb `gack` ac} kfp jg c rgzmfwr lwz`og pf plgdzftpl fe plg zgpcmo&tlfogrcog pzc`g rgbpfz+
Plg dzftmkd zgpcmo rgbpfz mk Mk`mc lcr cppzcbpg` plg cppgkpmfk fe ack} efzgmdk zgpcmogzr+ C+P+Igczkg} ckkwcoo} zckir gagzdmkd aczigp gbfkfamgr jcrg` fk afzg plck :7 acbzfgbfkfamb ck`zgpcmo!r~gbmemb uczmcjogr plzfwdl plgmz Dofjco Zgpcmo @gugof~agkp Mk`g|+ Mk :>>7/ :>>5/ ck` :>>4Mk`mc zckig` kwajgz fkg/ mk`mbcpmkd plcp plg bfwkpz} tcr plg afrp cppzcbpmug aczigp efz dofjcozgpcmogzr pf gkpgz+ Plmr mr mk`mbcpmug fe ck wkpc~~g` `gack`+ Tlmog zgrpzmbpmfkr fk efzgmdk `mzgbpmkugrpagkp ,E@M- lcug jggk c achfz `gpgzzgkp pf plg gkpz} fe efzgmdk zgpcmogzr mk plmr rgbpfz/ plgzglcr jggk c bcomjzcpg` omjgzcomxcpmfk fugz plg ~crp egt }gczr+
Pf ecbmompcpg gcrmgz E@M mkeoft/ mkrpgc` fe lcumkd pf rggi Efzgmdk Mkugrpagkp ^zfafpmfk Jfcz`c~~zfuco/ E@M w~ pf 3>>' mr kft cooftg` wk`gz plg cwpfacpmb zfwpg efz bcrl!ck`!bczz} tlfogrcogpzc`mkd ck` g|~fzp pzc`mkd+ E@M w~ pf 73' lcr corf jggk cooftg` tmpl ~zmfz dfugzkagkp c~~zfucoefz zgpcmo pzc`g mk rmkdog!jzck` ~zf`wbpr tmpl plg fjhgbpmug fe cppzcbpmkd mkugrpagkp/ pgblkfofd}/ ck`dofjco jgrp ~zcbpmbgr/ tlmbl bcpgzr pf plg `gack` efz rwbl jzck`g` dff`r mk Mk`mc+Kfptmplrpck`mkd plgrg agcrwzgr/ zgrpzmbpmfkr fk E@M mk zgpcmo bfkpmkwg+ Jgrm`gr bcrl!ck`!bczz}tlfogrcog pzc`mkd/ plg bfaafko} wrg` blckkgo efz plg gkpz} fe efzgmdk zgpcmogzr mr plzfwdlrpzcpgdmb ombgkrmkd ck` ezckblmrmkd czzckdgagkpr+
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
31/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
:=
Fkg fe plg acmk zgcrfkr efz plg dfugzkagkp pcimkd c bcwpmfwr c~~zfcbl pftcz`r plg f~gkmkd fezgpcmo pzc`g mk Mk`mc mr plg g|mrpmkd rpzwbpwzg fe plg zgpcmo rgbpfz ck` mpr bc~cbmp} efz dgkgzcpmkdga~of}agkp efz wkrimoog` ocjfz+ Rmkbg c oczdg ~czp fe zgpcmo cbpmump} pcigr ~ocbg mk plg wkfzdckmxg`rgbpfz/ mp cjrfzjr ocjfz cbzfrr cdgr/ rimoor/ g`wbcpmfk ogugo/ ck` mkbfag bocrr+ Zgpcmomkd tmpl oftbc~mpco ck` mkezcrpzwbpwzg kgg`r mr/ pf c oczdg g|pgkp/ ~zfum`mkd c rfbmco rcegp}!kgp efz plggbfkfa}r wkga~of}g`+ Plmr mr rw~~fzpg` j} plg ecbp plcp plg kwajgz fe rgoe!ga~of}g` tfzigzr mkplg zgpcmo rgbpfz mr plg oczdgrp bcpgdfz} fe ocjfz+
Mp mr tm`go} cbikftog`dg` plcp E@M bfwo` jgkgemp plg rgbpfz pzgagk`fwro} j} ma~zfumkd mprgeembmgkb}/ plgzgj} ogc`mkd pf dzgcpgz mkpgdzcpmfk tmpl plg dofjco aczigp ck` wopmacpgo} jgkgempmkdbfkrwagzr j} ~zfum`mkd ~zmbg zg`wbpmfkr ck` ck ma~zfug` rgogbpmfk+ Plmr ac} mk pwzk ogc` pf clmdlgz fwp~wp mk plg rgbpfz ck` dzgcpgz dzftpl+ Lftgugz/ E@M `zmugk af`gzk zgpcmomkd mr efwk` pfjg ocjfz `mr~ocbmkd ck` ac} dgkgzcpg wkga~of}agkp mk c rgbpfz plcp lcr mk plg ~crp cbpg` cr crcegp} ucoug efz plg gbfkfa} mk pgzar fe ga~of}agkp dgkgzcpmfk+ Plwr/ mk plg ecbg fe oczdgdzftmkd `fagrpmb `gack`/ plg dfugzkagkp mr pcimkd c ~zw`gkp c~~zfcbl pftcz`r pc~~mkd g|pgzkco`gack`+
5+3+: Zgbfaagk`cpmfkr efz Ma~zfumkd zf`wbpmump} Dzftpl mk Zgpcmo
Fzdckmxg` zgpcmo lcr plg ~fpgkpmco efz zg`wbmkd mkgeembmgkbmgr ck` ma~zfumkd plg ~zf`wbpmump} fe plg
zgpcmo rgbpfz+ Rpw`mgr lcug rlftk plcp mk plg WR/ fzdckmxg` zgpcmo bfkpzmjwpg` fkg!efwzpl fe plg zmrgmk ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mk plg ~gzmf` 3==7==+ Lftgugz/ mk Mk`mc/ fzdckmxg` zgpcmo mr ogrr plck 0' feplg pfpco zgpcmo rgbpfz+ Mp mr g|~gbpg` plcp fzdckmxg` zgpcmo/ j} efzamkd omkicdgr tmpl plg cdzmbwopwzgrgbpfz/ bck ogc` pf ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl+ Tfzimkd tmpl fzdckmxg` zgpcmo bck gkbfwzcdg eczagzr pf , - ma~zfug }mgo`r j} gkcjomkd plga pf fjpcmk swcomp} rw~~omgr/ , - c`f~p rw~gzmfz ecza
pgblkfofd} ck` ~zcbpmbgr/ , - cbbgrr pmago} bzg`mp cp zgcrfkcjog zcpgr/ ck` , - j}~crrwk~zf`wbpmug mkpgzag`mczmgr+ Plg pmg!w~ tmpl fzdckmxg` zgpcmo ac} `zmug racoo&ag`mwa gkpgz~zmrgrpf jgbfag afzg geembmgkp mk fz`gz pf aggp plg rpzmkdgkp `gomugz} bfk`mpmfkr fe plg zgpcmo aczigp+^zmucpg ocjgomkd mr plg bzgcpmfk fe jzck`r mk plg kcag fe af`gzk zgpcmogzr/ ck` mp lcr cozgc`}jgdwk mk Mk`mc mk plg eff` ck` dzfbgz} ck` c~~czgo rgdagkpr ck` mr g|~gbpg` pf g|~ck` zc~m`o}+Racoo!rbcog ackwecbpwzgzr tmoo jg plg achfz jgkgembmczmgr fe ~zmucpg ocjgor+ Zgpcmo rgzumbgr/ me plg}jgbfag afzg fzdckmxg`/ lcug plg ~fpgkpmco efz ma~zfumkd kfp fko} plgmz ftk ~zf`wbpmump}/ jwp corfplg ~zf`wbpmump} fe fplgz rgbpfzr/ gr~gbmcoo} cdzmbwopwzg/ tlmbl mr aczig` j} oft ~zf`wbpmump}dzftpl+
Mk fz`gz pf mkbzgcrg plg rmxg fe plg fzdckmxg` rgbpfz ck` pf gkbfwzcdg ~gf~og pf rlmep ezfawkfzdckmxg` zgpcmomkd pf fzdckmxg` zgpcmomkd/ plg efooftmkd ~fomb} `mzgbpmfkr rlfwo` jg bfkrm`gzg`8
,m- Plg zgpcmo rgbpfz mk Mk`mc mr rgugzgo} bfkrpzcmkg` j} plg omampg` cucmocjmomp} fe jckiemkckbg+ Rwmpcjog ogk`mkd ~fombmgr kgg` pf jg `grmdkg` plcp tmoo gkcjog zgpcmogzr mk plgwkfzdckmxg` rgbpfzr pf g|~ck`/ ga~of} jgppgz pgblkfofd}/ ck` ma~zfug geembmgkbmgr+^fombmgr plcp gkbfwzcdg wkfzdckmxg` rgbpfz zgpcmogzr pf amdzcpg pf plg fzdckmxg` rgbpfzj} mkugrpmkd mk r~cbg ck` gswm~agkp rlfwo` jg gkbfwzcdg`+
,mm- Plg dfugzkagkp awrp cbpmugo} gkbfwzcdg plg rgppmkd w~ fe bf!f~gzcpmug rpfzgr pf~zfbwzg ck` rpfbi bfaaf`mpmgr ezfa racoo ~zf`wbgzr+ Plmr tmoo c``zgrr plg `wco
~zfjoga fe omampg` ~zfafpmfk ck` aczigpmkd cjmomp}/ cr tgoo cr aczigp ~gkgpzcpmfk/ efzplg zgpcmogz+ Plg dfugzkagkp bck corf ecbmompcpg plg rgppmkd w~ fe tczglfwrmkd wkmpr ck`bfo` blcmkr/ plgzgj} oftgzmkd bc~mpco bfrpr efz racoo zgpcmogzr+
,mmm- Tmpl 2+5 amoomfk rlf~r zgpcmomkd eff` ck` ga~of}mkd 0' fe plg pfpco tfziefzbg/ plg eff`!zgpcmomkd rgdagkp ~zgrgkpr c efbwrg` f~~fzpwkmp} efz plg dfugzkagkp pf bcpco}xgdzftpl ck` ga~of}agkp+ ^zfumrmfk fe pzcmkmkd mk lck`omkd/ rpfzmkd/ pzckr~fzpmkd/dzc`mkd/ rfzpmkd/ acmkpcmkmkd l}dmgkg rpck`cz`r/ acmkpcmkmkd zgezmdgzcpmfk gswm~agkp/
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
32/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
2>
~cbimkd/ gpb+ mr ck czgc tlgzg plg dfugzkagkp bck ~oc} c ~zfcbpmug zfog+ Plmr bfwo`dmug c rwjrpckpmco jffrp pf plg ~zf`wbpmump} fe plmr rgbpfz+
,mu- Swcomp} zgdwocpmfk/ bgzpmembcpmfk/ ck` ~zmbg c`amkmrpzcpmfk jf`mgr rlfwo` jg bzgcpg` cp`mrpzmbp ck` oftgz ogugor efz plg w~dzc`g fe plg pgblkmbco ck` lwack mkpgzecbg mk plgzwzco pf wzjck rw~~o} blcmk+
,u- Bfa~gpmpmfk dgkgzcpgr ~zf`wbpmump}+ Bcomjzcpg` ck` dzc`wco g|~frwzg pf bfa~gpmpmfkac} ogc` pf ~zf`wbpmump} r~moofugz geegbpr cr `fagrpmb fzdckmxg` zgpcmogzr ogczk tc}r fejwmo`mkd geegbpmug rw~~o} blcmkr ezfa plg efzgmdk zgpcmogzr+ Rfag bfa~gpmpmfk lcrcozgc`} jggk mk`wbg` j} plg dfugzkagkp j} cooftmkd gkpz} pf efzgmdk emzar rgoomkdrmkdog!jzck` ~zf`wbpr+ Lftgugz/ `fagrpmb fzdckmxg` zgpcmogzr kgg` pf cbswmzg cplzgrlfo` rmxg pf lcug ~zf`wbpmump} dcmkr ezfa bfa~gpmpmfk+ Mkbgkpmugr pf mkbzgcrg plgrmxg fe `fagrpmb zgpcmo emzar kgg` pf jg `grmdkg`+
5+: Rfeptczg Rgzumbgr
5+:+3 Lmdl @fagrpmb ck` G|pgzkco @gack`
Mk`mck rfeptczg rgzumbgr bfa~zmrmkd MPgR ck` MP!J^F rgzumbgr lcug rlftk zgaczicjog zgrmomgkbgpf plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr+ Rfeptczg rgzumbgr dzfrrg` WR$04 jmoomfk mk :>>=/ dzftmkd j}
34' ezfa plg ~zgumfwr }gcz+ Plmr rgbpfz mr c achfz bfkpzmjwpfz pf plg dzftpl fe plg gbfkfa} ck`lcr c awopm~omgz geegbp mk pgzar fe g|~fzp gczkmkdr/ mkugrpagkpr/ ga~of}agkp/ ck` fugzcoogbfkfamb dzftpl+ Plg pfpco ga~of}agkp mk plg MP rgzumbgr mr grpmacpg` pf lcug zgcblg` :+>amoomfk mk :>>4>< cdcmkrp 3+52 amoomfk mk :>>5>4/ c dzftpl fe ::+4'+ Plmr zg~zgrgkpr c kgpc``mpmfk fe 247/>>> ~zfegrrmfkcor pf plg mk`wrpz} ga~of}gg jcrg mk :>>4>>4>+> amoomfk hfj f~~fzpwkmpmgr/ tlmbl bck jg cppzmjwpg` pf plgdzftpl fe plmr rgbpfz+3>
Fkg fe plg ig} egcpwzgr fe plmr rgzumbgr rgbpfz mr mpr tm`g wrg cbzfrr plg fplgz rgzumbgr rgbpfzrck` ackwecbpwzmkd mk`wrpzmgr+ Plmr ~zfum`gr c rpzfkd `fagrpmb `gack` efz plg rgbpfz+ Plgzgugkwg gczkg` j} rfeptczg rgzumbgr ezfa plg `fagrpmb aczigp mr grpmacpg` pf jg WR$33+4 jmoomfkmk :>>4>< bfa~czg` pf WR$>5>4/ c dzftpl fe cjfwp 0:+4'+ Cofkd tmpl plgg|mrpgkbg fe c rpzfkd `fagrpmb `gack`/ plg rgbpfz lcr c rpgc`mo} zmrmkd g|pgzkco `gack`+ Mk`mckMP!J^F rgzumbgr czg blczcbpgzmxg` j} oft bfrpr fe f~gzcpmfkr9 c lmdl swcomp} fe rgzumbgr9 ck`Gkdomrl r~gcimkd/ zgc`mo} cucmocjog/ rimoog` ack~ftgz+ Ewzplgz/ c ecufzcjog pmag xfkg `meegzgkbgtmpl plg WR ck` Gwzf~g lcr c``g` pf mpr c`uckpcdg+ Plmr lcr og` pf c `fwjog!`mdmp dzftpl mkg|~fzpr fe MP!J^F rgzumbgr+
Plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr og` pf c ecoo mk plg dzftpl fe rfeptczg rgzumbgr/ jwp plg dzftpl mk`fagrpmb `gack` bwrlmfkg` plg c`ugzrg geegbpr+ @fagrpmb `gack` efz jfpl MP ck` MP!J^Frgzumbgr dzgt awbl ecrpgz plck plgmz g|~fzpr+ C `fwjog!`mdmp dzftpl mk g|~fzpr fe MP!J^F ,:=+
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
33/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
23
mk`mbcpgr plcp ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl rpczpg` mk :>>>>3 ck` lcr bfkpmkwg`+ Lftgugz/ mk :>>=plgzg tcr c aczig` `gbomkg mk ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl/ ~zfjcjo} jgbcwrg fe g|bgrr bc~cbmp} tmpl plgoftgzmkd fe g|pgzkco `gack`+ Afrp fe plg ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mk plg rgbpfz bck jg g|~ocmkg` j}ma~zfugagkpr mk pgblkfofd} ck` geembmgkb}/ tlmog blckdg mk rbcog `fgr kfp rgga pf lcug c``g`pf plg ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl+
Pf rwrpcmk plg dzftpl fe rfeptczg rgzumbgr/ pczdgpg` ~fombmgr ck` rpzcpgdmgr czg kgg`g`+ Plg
rgbpfz mr cozgc`} cp plg ezfkpmgz fe plg tfzo` ck` plgzg mr c kgg` pf bc~mpcomxg fk plg dcmkr plcpdzftmkd `fagrpmb ck` g|pgzkco `gack`r feegz+ Plg efooftmkd czg rfag zgbfaagk`cpmfkr efzrwrpcmkg` ma~zfugagkpr efz ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl8
,m- Tmpl plg blckdmkd dofjco rmpwcpmfk/ gr~gbmcoo} cepgz plg roft`ftk mk plg dzftpl zcpg fec`uckbg` bfwkpzmgr/ plg kcpwzg fe `gack` efz rfeptczg rgzumbgr ,gr~gbmcoo} MP!J^F- lcrcorf jgdwk pf blckdg+ C zgbgkp Kcpmfkco Crrfbmcpmfk fe Rfeptczg ck` RgzumbgrBfa~ckmgrGugzgrp zgrgczbl zg~fzp rlftr plcp plg fwprfwzbmkd kgg`r fe jw}gzr czgblckdmkd tmpl bfa~ckmgr efbwrmkd fk ucowg `zmugzr ,mkpgdzcpg` `gomugz} af`gor feegzmkdrbcog ck` ucowg ck` r~gg`} ma~ogagkpcpmfk-/ amkmamxmkd zmrir/ ck` zg!gucowcpmkd plgrfwzbmkd af`go ,zg!plmkimkd bc~pmug ugzrwr rw~~omgz am|/ gufoumkd zmri!zgtcz` zgocpmfkrlm~rtmpl ugk`fzr/ ck` f~pmkd efz fwpbfag!jcrg` ~zmbmkd-+ Mp mr ma~fzpckp efz MP!J^F rgzumbgr
~zfum`gzr pf jwmo` c rpzfkd ck` wkacpblg` ucowg ~zf~frmpmfk efz plgargougr mk r~gbmemb/efbwrg`/ kmblg rgdagkpr+ Rw~gz!r~gbmcomxcpmfk rgdagkpr kft kgg` pf jg g|~ofzg`+ ^fomb}mkbgkpmugr kgg` pf jg jwmop efz gkbfwzcdmkd MP!J^F rgzumbgr pf gkpgz rwbl r~gbmcop}rgdagkpr+
,mm- MP!J^F rgzumbgr czg kfp fko} mkbzgcrmkd plgmz `g~pl j} gkpgzmkd rw~gz!r~gbmcop} rgdagkpr/plg} czg corf mkbzgcrmkd mk tm`pl j} jzmkdmkd kgt czgcr mkpf plgmz cajmp/ g+d+/ ogdco ~zfbgrrfwprfwzbmkd/ bomkmbco zgrgczbl fwprfwzbmkd/ afjmog c~~ombcpmfkr/ gkgzd} geembmgkb}/ ck`bomacpg blckdg+ Plgrg czg kgt czgcr plcp zgswmzg acrrmug mkugrpagkpr ck` ikftog`dgbzgcpmfk+ Mp mr zgbfaagk`g` plcp plg dfugzkagkp pcigr mkmpmcpmug ck` gkbfwzcdgr MP emzarpf gkpgz plgrg czgcr j} bzgcpmkd ~fomb} mkbgkpmugr+
,mmm- Cofkd tmpl gkpgzmkd kgt rgdagkpr ck` bomajmkd w~ plg ucowg!blcmk/ tlcp mr corf kgg`g`efz plg rwrpcmkg` ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl fe plg rgbpfz mr mkkfucpmfk+ Mk omkg tmpl ~zfum`mkd
mkbgkpmugr efz Z%@ cbpmumpmgr efz plg ackwecbpwzmkd rgbpfz/ plg dfugzkagkp rlfwo` corfefbwr fk `gugof~mkd mkbgkpmugr efz mkkfucpmfkr mk MP rgzumbgr+ Bfoocjfzcpmug zgrgczbljgptggk mk`wrpz}/ cbc`gamc/ ck` dfugzkagkp kgg`r pf jg gkbfwzcdg`+
,mu- Plg dfugzkagkp bck dmug `mzgbp rw~~fzp plzfwdl dzgcpgz fwprfwzbmkd ck` afumkd ctc}ezfa oft!ucowg/ lmdl!ufowag jcbi!feembg hfjr ck` bwrpfagz rw~~fzp cbpmumpmgr/ ck` mkrpgc`afumkd pftcz`r lmdlgz ucowg feegzmkdr j} J^F rgzumbgr ~zfum`gzr+ Plg dfugzkagkp zfog mkg|~ck`mkd plg `fagrpmb J^F mk`wrpz} mr g|~gbpg` pf jg bzmpmbco/ cr mp bck jffrp `fagrpmbjwrmkgrr j} pcimkd efztcz` ~zfdzcar rwbl cr g!dfugzkckbg ck` bfkkgbpmump}+ Plmr tmooewzplgz mkbzgcrg plg dzftpl fe plg `fagrpmb aczigp ck` mkhgbp ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mkpf plggbfkfa}+
,u- Plg Mk`mck rfeptczg rgzumbgr rgbpfz lcr plg ~fpgkpmco pf gagzdg cr ck MP lwj mk plg zgdmfk+Jwp efz plcp pf lc~~gk/ mp mr ma~fzpckp efz plg dfugzkagkp pf ~zfum`g f~~fzpwkmpmgr tmplmk mpr
uczmfwr jmocpgzco Ezgg Pzc`g Cdzggagkpr+ Bfkbgrrmfkr efz MP rgzumbg ~zfum`gzr bck jgkgdfpmcpg` pf mkbzgcrg g|~fzpr ck` mkugrpagkpr mk fplgz bfwkpzmgr+ Oft!ucowg gk` rgzumbgrbck jg fwprfwzbg` pf plgrg bfwkpzmgr ck` cppga~pr bck jg ac`g pf `gugof~ rw~~o} blcmkr+
5+2 Jckimkd Rgzumbgr
Plg rlczg fe jckimkd ck` mkrwzckbg rgzumbgr fe plg pfpco rgzumbgr fwp~wp lcr zgacmkg`bfkrmrpgkpo} czfwk` 3>'/ tlmog mpr rlczg mk D@^ dzftpl lcr mkbzgcrg` rpgc`mo} fugz pmag+ Mk :>>
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
34/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
2:
fe Mk`mc lfo`r c rpcig-/ 23 ~zmucpg jckir ,jckir tlgzg plg Dfugzkagkp fe Mk`mc `fgr kfp lcug crpcig9 plg} ac} jg ~wjombo} omrpg` ck` pzc`g` fk rpfbi g|blckdgr-/ ck` 2< efzgmdk jckir+ Plgjckir lcug c bfajmkg` kgptfzi fe fugz 72/>>> jzckblgr ck` 34/>>> cwpfacpg` pgoogz acblmkgr+Cbbfz`mkd pf c zg~fzp j} MBZC Omampg`/ c zcpmkd cdgkb}/ plg ~wjomb rgbpfz jckir lfo` fugz 47' feplg pfpco crrgpr fe plg jckimkd mk`wrpz}/ tmpl plg ~zmucpg ck` efzgmdk jckir lfo`mkd 3>2-+ Cafkd uczmfwr ~zf`wbpmump} mk`mbcpfzr/ ocjfz ~zf`wbpmump}mk`mbcpfzr omig jwrmkgrr ~gz ga~of}gg ck` ~zfemp ~gz ga~of}gg czg afrp bfaafko} wrg`+ Mkc``mpmfk/ jwrmkgrr ~gz jzckbl mr corf wrg` pf hw`dg jzckbl!ogugo ~zf`wbpmump}+ Rpw`mgr lcug efwk`plcp ~zfemp ~gz ga~of}gg mkbzgcrg` j} c bfa~fwk` dzftpl fe czfwk` 34' mk plg ~gzmf` 3==:>0,Aflck :>>7-+ Fugzcoo/ plg jcockbg fe gum`gkbg rwddgrpr `mrpmkbpmug ~zf`wbpmump} ma~zfugagkpr mkplg jckimkd rgbpfz fugz plg zgefza ~gzmf`+
Plg PE^D ckco}rmr wk`gzpcigk gczomgz mk plmr ~c~gz efz 54 jckir fugz 3> }gczr corf mk`mbcpg` crwjrpckpmco zmrg mk plg PE^D fe jckir+ G|bg~p efz :>>4>>>>3+ Rwbl ck mkbzgcrg bfwo` jg `zmugk j} ptf ecbpfzr8pgblkfofdmbco ma~zfugagkp/ tlmbl g|~ck`r plg zckdg fe ~zf`wbpmfk ~frrmjmompmgr9 ck` c bcpblmkd
w~ geegbp/ cr ~ggz ~zgrrwzg cafkdrp jckir bfa~gor plga pf zcmrg ~zf`wbpmump} ogugor+ Tmplmk plgbfkpg|p fe dzc`wco `gzgdwocpmfk fe plg emkckbmco rgbpfz/ ptf acmk ecbpfzr ac} lcug jggk cp tfzi8 crmdkmembckp rlmep fe plg jgrp!~zcbpmbg ezfkpmgz/ `zmugk j} c bfajmkcpmfk fe pgblkfofdmbco c`uckbgr/emkckbmco mkkfucpmfk/ ck` `meegzgkp rpzcpgdmgr ~wzrwg` j} jckir9 ck`&fz zg`wbpmfkr mk pfpco bfrpr`wg pf ma~zfugagkpr mk fugzcoo geembmgkb}+ Zgrwopr mk`mbcpg plcp mk `meegzgkp }gczr/ `meegzgkp ecbpfzrlcug jgbfag zgocpmugo} afzg ma~fzpckp+ Coplfwdl mp mr `meembwop pf ~mk~fmkp plg zgocpmug am| fe plgrgecbpfzr mk zcmrmkd ~zf`wbpmump}/ plg bfkbowrmfk mr bogcz8 Mk`mck jckir lcug tmpkgrrg` rmdkmembckp~zf`wbpmump} ma~zfugagkpr/ ~frp!zgefzar+
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
35/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
22
5+2+3 Zgbfaagk`cpmfkr efz Mkbzgcrmkd zf`wbpmump} Dzftpl mk Jckimkd Rgzumbgr
Lmdlgz rwrpcmkcjog dzftpl mr bzgcpmkd dzgcpgz `gack` efz emkckbmco rcumkdr+ Plg Mk`mck jckimkdrgbpfz ecbgr ack} blcoogkdgr tmpl plg gbfkfa} ~frrgrrmkd fkg fe plg lmdlgrp dzftpl zcpgr mk plgtfzo`+ Kfp fko} `fgr plg jckimkd rgbpfz zgswmzg mkbzgcrg` ~gkgpzcpmfk pf zgcbl fwp pf c tm`gzbwrpfagz jcrg/ jwp mp corf lcr pf ~zfum`g plg jgrp ucowg pf bwrpfagzr mk pgzar fe rgzumbg ogugorck` pzckr~czgkb}+ Mk`mck jckir tmoo lcug pf emk` tc}r pf f~pmamxg gcbl bwrpfagz zgocpmfkrlm~ cr
plg} bfa~gpg tmpl dofjco ~oc}gzr tmpl `gg~ ~fbigpr ck` `gg~ bwrpfagz mkrmdlpr+ Pf lgo~ jckirma~zfug plgmz ~zf`wbpmump} ck` geembmgkb} ck` ~zfum`g awbl kgg`g` rw~~fzp pf plg mk`wrpz}/ fwzzgbfaagk`cpmfkr czg plg efooftmkd8
,m- Jckir kfp fko} kgg` pf mkugrp mk mkezcrpzwbpwzg jwp plg} corf kgg` pf ogugzcdg mkefzacpmfkpgblkfofd} pf emk` afzg mkkfucpmug tc}r pf zgcbl bwrpfagzr/ rwbl cr wpmomxmkd kgt `gomugz}agblckmrar/ gbfkfamxmkd fk pzckrcbpmfk bfrpr/ ck` ~zfum`mkd jgppgz cbbgrr pf plg wk`gz!rgzug`+ Gogbpzfkmb pzckrcbpmfkr rwjrpckpmcoo} ma~zfug plg geembmgkb} fe jckimkd r}rpgarjgbcwrg plg} czg ecrpgz mk bfa~czmrfk tmpl ~c~gz!jcrg` pzckrcbpmfkr+ Pf lgo~ jckirwk`gzpcig plgrg bfrpr/ afzg `gzgdwocpmfk mr zgswmzg`+
,mm- Ckfplgz bzmpmbco blcoogkdg mr plg lmzmkd ck` zgpcmkmkd fe pcogkp mk plg ecbg fe rpmee bfa~gpmpmfkezfa ~zmucpg mkrpmpwpmfkr+ Jckir tmoo corf lcug pf mkugrp mk kgt rimoo `gugof~agkp ck`pzcmkmkd+ Plg dfugzkagkp bck ~zfum`g umpco rw~~fzp mk plmr zgr~gbp+ Cr plg rlczg fe ~wjomb!
rgbpfz jckir mr plg lmdlgrp/ rimoo `gugof~agkp ck` pzcmkmkd fe rpcee kgg`r pf jg wk`gzpcigkcp zgdwocz mkpgzucor pf igg~ plga w~!pf!`cpg tmpl plg ocpgrp pgblkfofdmgr ck` bwrpfagz bczg~zfdzcar+
,mmm- Mk`mck jckir kgg` pf jwmo` fk g|mrpmkd bc~cjmompmgr ck` corf c`` kgt fkgr+ Plmr ~frgr cafzg rgzmfwr ackcdgzmco blcoogkdg dmugk plg `}kcamb gkumzfkagkp mk tlmbl jckir tmoo jgefzbg` pf bfkpmkwfwro} ogczk ck` zgfzmgkp plgargougr tlmog c`f~pmkd kgt pgblkfofdmgr efzzmri ackcdgagkp/ jwmo`mkd mkkfucpmug rgzumbg agblckmrar fe `gomugz}/ ck` ma~zfumkdbwrpfagz bczg+ Plg bfkrfom`cpmfk fe jckir bck ~zfug pf jg ck geegbpmug pffo pf cblmgug plmrfjhgbpmug+ Jckir tmpl rmamocz f~gzcpmfkr lcug ck mkbgkpmug pf agzdg/ plgzgj} gomamkcpmkdfugzoc~~mkd jzckblgr ck` ezggmkd jcbi feembg/ c`amkmrpzcpmfk/ ck` aczigpmkd zgrfwzbgr+^zf`wbpmump} dcmkr ezfa plg ma~ogagkpcpmfk fe kgt pgblkfofdmgr tfwo` corf jg gklckbg``wg pf plg mkbwzzmkd fe oczdg mkmpmco mkugrpagkpr bfa~czg` pf plg rbcog fe f~gzcpmfkr+ Plmr
ac} corf ogc` pf zmri `mugzrmembcpmfk/ tlmbl mr afzg zgoguckp efz racoogz jckir bfkbgkpzcpg`mk ~czpmbwocz zgdmfkr rgzumkd kmblg aczigpr+ Cr jckir agzdg ck` dzft jmddgz plg} tfwo`jg mk c awbl jgppgz ~frmpmfk pf mkpzf`wbg bwrpfamxg` emkckbmco mkrpzwagkpr+ Plgdfugzkagkp bck ~oc} c umpco zfog mk plmr plzfwdl rpzcpgdmb ~fomb} mkpgzugkpmfk+
,mu- Tmpl plg ma~ogagkpcpmfk ck` cbbg~pckbg fe Jcrgo MM kfzar/ jckir tfwo` jg cjog pfbc~pwzg f~gzcpmfkco zmrir jgppgz ck`/ plgzgefzg/ tfwo` kgg` c``mpmfkco bc~mpco+ Plmr ac}acig plga pwzk mkbzgcrmkdo} pf plg eofwzmrlmkd bc~mpco aczigp+ Plg dfugzkagkp kgg`r pfmkbzgcrmkdo} ecbmompcpg plmr ~zfbgrr+
4+ RWAACZ] CK@ BFKBOWRMFKR
Plg fkrgp fe plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr lcr ~frg` ack} kgt blcoogkdgr efz plg Mk`mck gbfkfa}ck` lcr mkmpmcpg` c zg!g|camkcpmfk fe plg dzftpl rpzcpgdmgr plcp plg gbfkfa} lc` jggk efooftmkd+C bcwpmfwr/ bcomjzcpg`/ jwp rpgc`} c~~zfcbl pf plg omjgzcomxcpmfk fe ig} rgbpfzr lcr ma~zfug` plggbfkfa}r zgrmomgkbg pftcz`r g|pgzkco rlfbir+ Jwp cp plg rcag pmag/ plg zfog fe rpzfkd `fagrpmb`gack` ck` rw~~o}!rm`g ecbpfzr omig ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mk ~zfum`mkd afagkpwa efz gbfkfambdzftpl lcr jggk jzfwdlp pf plg efzgezfkp+ Plg ma~cbp fe plg dofjco gbfkfamb bzmrmr fk plg Mk`mckgbfkfa} tcr zgocpmugo} ogrr rgugzg `wg pf c oftgz `g~gk`gkbg fk g|~fzpr ck` plg ecbp plcp crmxgcjog bfkpzmjwpmfk pf D@^ bfagr ezfa plg rgzumbgr rgbpfz/ tlmbl bfkpmkwg` pf dzft cp c rpgc`}zcpg ck` cbbfwkpg` efz afzg plck ' fe Mk`mcr dzftpl zcpg fe 5+4' mk :>>=+
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
36/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
20
Mk plmr bfkpg|p/ plmr ~c~gz cppga~pr pf `ga}rpme} plg rgzumbgr!og` dzftpl fe Mk`mc mk plg ecbg feecoomkd g|pgzkco `gack`+ Mp g|camkgr plg bfkpzmjwpmfk fe `mrcddzgdcpg` rgzumbgr pf pfpco D@^/ ck``gbfa~frgr dzftpl fe D@^ tmpl zgr~gbp pf plg `mrcddzgdcpg` rgbpfzr fe plg gbfkfa}+ Mp tcrefwk` plcp afrp fe plg rgbpfzr plcp lcug lmdl rlczgr mk plg D@^ czg kfp `g~gk`gkp fk g|pgzkco`gack`+ Plg ecoo mk g|pgzkco `gack` lcr/ plgzgefzg/ kfp og` pf c rgugzg `gbomkg mk plgmz dzftplzcpgr+ Lftgugz/ `fagrpmb `gack` lcr corf `gbzgcrg` mk plg tcig fe plg bwzzgkp bzmrmr cr plgrgbfk` rpcdg geegbpr fe plg bzmrmr dgp pzckrocpg` mkpf plg gbfkfa}+ Plg ecoo mk ~zmucpg bfkrwa~pmfklcr jggk bfa~gkrcpg` j} c rwjrpckpmco mkbzgcrg mk dfugzkagkp bfkrwa~pmfk plcp lcr bwrlmfkg`plg c`ugzrg geegbpr plcp ac} lcug jggk egop `wg pf oftgz ~zmucpg bfkrwa~pmfk+
Plzgg r~gbmemb rgbpfzr lcug jggk m`gkpmemg` efz rwrpcmkmkd plg afagkpwa fe dzftpl fe plg Mk`mckgbfkfa}+ Plgrg czg zgpcmo&tlfogrcog pzc`g/ rfeptczg rgzumbgr/ ck` jckimkd rgzumbgr+ Coo plgrgrgzumbgr lcug lmdl rlczgr mk plg D@^ ck` bfkpzmjwpg rwjrpckpmcoo} pf mpr dzftpl+ Plgrg rgzumbgrlcug c rpzfkd dzftmkd `fagrpmb `gack` ck` czg fk c zmrmkd ~zf`wbpmump} pzchgbpfz}+ PE^D tcrgrpmacpg` cp plg emza ogugo efz rfeptczg emzar ck` jckir ck` rlftr plcp jfpl rgbpfzr g|~gzmgkbg`~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl cjfug 3>' ~frp!:>>>+ Mkpgzgrpmkdo}/ coo plzgg m`gkpmemg` rgzumbgr efza ma~fzpckpmk~wpr mkpf plg ackwecbpwzmkd rgbpfz ck` bfkpzmjwpg rwjrpckpmcoo} pf mpr ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl+ Geefzprkgg` pf jg ac`g efz ewzplgz jffrpmkd ~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mk plgrg rgzumbgr/ cr mp tmoo gklckbg~zf`wbpmump} dzftpl mk fplgz rgbpfzr fe plg gbfkfa}/ ~czpmbwoczo} ackwecbpwzmkd+ Lmdlgz
~zf`wbpmump} mk rgzumbgr bck ogc` pf c rgbpfzcoo}!omkig` ~zf`wbpmump} r~mzco+
-
8/4/2019 Global Economic Crisis: Impact and Restructuring of the Services Sector in India
37/37
C@JM Tfzimkd ^c~gz 233 @cr/ Jckdc/ ck` Iwacz
ZGEGZGKBGR
Coca/ M+ A+ R+ :>>3+ C Kfk~czcagpzmb C~~zfcbl efz Crrgrrmkd ^zf`wbpmump} @}kcambr fe OczdgW+R+ Jckir+ Hfwzkco fe Afkg}/ Bzg`mp ck` Jckimkd22,3-8 3:332=+
Ckrczm/ A+ M+/ ck` C+ Fhgacimk`g+ :>>2+ G|~ocmkmkd Cr}aagpz} mk plg WR Agzblck`mrg ck`
Rgzumbg Cbbfwkp Jcockbg8 @fgr plg Rgzumbg Rgbpfz Lfo` plg Ig} pf plg WR BwzzgkpCbbfwkp Tfgr6 Plg Mkpgzkcpmfkco Pzc`g Hfwzkco34,3-8 73+
Bfotgoo/ Z+ H+/ ck` G+ ^+ @cumr+ 3==:+ Fwp~wp ck` ^zf`wbpmump} mk Jckimkd+ Plg Rbck`mkcumckHfwzkco fe Gbfkfambr=0+ Rw~~ogagkp+ ^zfbgg`mkdr fe c R}a~frmwa fk ^zf`wbpmump}Bfkbg~pr ck` Agcrwzgagkp ^zfjogar8 Tgoeczg/ Swcomp} ck` ^zf`wbpmump} mk plg RgzumbgMk`wrpzmgr8 R333R3:=+
@gcz`fzee/ C+ U+/ R+ L+ L}ackr/ Z+ A+ Rpgzk/ ck` B+ \mckd+ :>>>+ Efzgbcrpmkd WR Pzc`g mkRgzumbgr+ Wkmugzrmp} fe Amblmdck Rblffo fe ^wjomb ^fomb} @mrbwrrmfk ^c~gz Kf+ 054+
Dfo`rpgmk/ A+/ ck` A+ R+ Ilck+ 3=>0+ Plg WR Bwzzgkp Cbbfwkp/ Kgt Gbfkfa} Rgzumbgr ck` Ma~ombcpmfkr efzRwrpcmkcjmomp}+ Zgumgt fe Mkpgzkcpmfkco Gbfkfambr3:8 :5::45+
KCRRBFA/ :>>=+ MP!J^F Rgbpfz mk Mk`mc8 Rpzcpgdmb Zgumgt :>>=
Frpgz/ C+/ ck` O+ Ckpmfbl+ 3==7+ Agcrwzmkd ^zf`wbpmump} mk plg Cwrpzcomck
Jckimkd Rgbpfz/ Zgrgzug Jcki fe Cwrpzcomc+
Zgjjc/ U+/ ck` @+ Zmxxm+ :>>5+ Agcrwzmkd Lfr~mpco Geembmgkb} plzfwdl @cpc Gkugof~agkp Ckco}rmrtlgk ^fomb}!acigzr ^zgegzgkbgr Acppgz+ Ck C~~ombcpmfk pf c rca~og fe Mpcomck KLRlfr~mpcor+ Bc Efrbczm Wkmugzrmp} fe Ugkmbg/ @g~czpagkp fe Gbfkfambr/ Tfzimkd ^c~gzKf+32+
Rgklc`hm/ C+ R+/ ck` B+ G+ Afkpgkgdzf+ 3===+ Pmag Rgzmgr Ckco}rmr fe G|~fzp @gack` Gswcpmfkr8C Bzfrr!Bfwkpz} Ckco}rmr+ MAE Rpcee ^c~gzr05,2-8 :7=:42+
Rwemck/ E+/ C+ Achm`/ ck` A+ Xwoilmjzm+ :>>4+ Jcki Ftkgzrlm~/ Blczcbpgzmrpmbr ck` ^gzefzackbg8 CBfa~czcpmug Ckco}rmr fe @fagrpmb ck` Efzgmdk Mrocamb Jckir mk Acoc}rmc+A^ZC ^c~gz
Kf+ 3:323+
Uck Tgorwa/ @+ :>>2c+ Mkpgzkcpmfkco Pzc`g mk Rgzumbgr8 Mrrwgr ck` Bfkbg~pr+ Jmzijgbi Bfoogdg/Rblffo fe Gbfkfambr/ Acplgacpmbr ck` Rpcpmrpmbr/ Gbfkfambr Tfzimkd ^c~gz >0&>2+
Tzgk!Ogtmr/ R+/ ck` Z+ @zmugz+ 3==>>/ ^fomb} Ckco}rgr mkMkpgzkcpmfkco Gbfkfambr Kf+ 70+ Mkrpmpwpg efz Mkpgzkcpmfkco Gbfkfambr+