A

GLOBAL COUNTRY STUDY AND REPORT

ON

“Qatar”

Submitted to

Gujarat Technological University

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Faculty Guide

Dr. Bindiya Soni Ms. Zarna Patel

[Batch: 2011-13]

MBA SEMESTER III

Anand Institute of Management [MBA PROGRAMME]

Affiliated to Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad

May, 2012

PREFACE

M.B.A. programme is well structured and integrated course of business studies.

The main objective of practical training at post graduate level is to develop skills

in students by supplementing the theoretical study of business management.

Global Country Report (GCR) helps to gain real life knowledge about the other

country’s industry environment and business practices. M.B.A. programme

provides student with a fundamental knowledge of business, organizational

functions and its activities.

GCR is an integral part of M.B.A. and all the students have to prepare GCR of

different country after the detailed study of the selected country. During the entire

year, the students get a lot of experience and come to know about the

contemporary management practices of the chosen country. In today’s

globalization world, where cut throat competition is prevailing in the market,

theoretical knowledge is not sufficient. Besides, one needs to have practical

knowledge which would help GCR in students’ career activities.

ACKNOWLEDEMENT

On the successful completion of this project (MBA II, SEM III), we would like to

express our gratitude to all the people who have helped us in completion of this

project.

We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Bindiya Soni & Ms Zarna Patel,

GCR coordinators of the institute who gave us constant guidance throughout our

project. Without their help, we would not have been able to complete our work in

the present form.

We would also like to thank Dr. N. N. Patel, Director of Anand Institute of

Management, for his valuable guidance and support.

Lastly, we would also express our thanks to all who have directly or indirectly

helped us in preparing the report.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

SEM III PART I

POLITICAL FACTOR

Qatar is also known as the State of Qatar which is supreme ruler Arab state

located in Western Asia. The land border of Qatar is with Saudi Arabia to south

and rest of its province is surrounded by the Gulf of Persian. A channel of the

Persian Gulf separates the country from the nearby island state of Bahrain.

Earlier a British province was known for pearl hunting became independent in

1971. After this Qatar was one of the regions wealthiest states because of its

mammoth oil and natural gas reservoir. Independence of Qatar was on 3

September 1971.

On 27 June 1995 Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al-Thani was made the Ruler of the

State of Qatar. The reformation, promotion of economic development of Qatar

and alleviate global poverty was made accordingly. United Nations Security

Council of Qatar is a active member was non-permanent in the year 2006-2007.

As Qatar is a member of the Gulf Co-operation Council and so it contributes to

the execution of amalgamation and strength among GCC member countries to

meet the expectations of its people in the important areas such as guard,

calmness, business and economic development. “Basic Law of Qatar 1970” is

applied in the state which enforces the local customs that are been rooted in the

traditional Islamic Heritage of the state. Yielding Emir the finest authority as they

are favorers of following the conventional Islamic rules and customs. The role of

Emir is influenced by the religious teachings and the rules of consent and

discussion of the Islam religion where the public in general have the right to

come out of the Emir openly so that they can face any situation in future. Majlis

as- Shura have a total of 35 members is in the consultative assembly and is in

local way run with a single task only is the consultative task.

The constitution which was called for 45 members to be elected for the

legislature, which was to be made up to 30 members elected by representatives

and 15 members elected by the Emir in the year 2003. The basis for the system

of government is democracy. The official language is Arabic and the people of

Qatar are part of the Arabic nation. The country became independent in 1971

and since then The Advisory Council is considered to be the first pioneering

democratic experience to prove successful and well suited to the country’s

political and social conditions. It received profound attention from the government

under the leadership of the Emir(H.H.Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al-Thani) which

resulted in the evident development of the example of the Qatari advisory council

the expansion of its responsibilities and the moral and practical weight of its

deliberation in the political practice.

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF QATAR After Qatar confirmed its independence from British ruling, the country carry on to

change and grow on an almost day by day, it is remarkable to think the

differences to have come about over the past 4 years, never mind 40, and for

those who have onlooker the times changing, the current day Doha is different

beyond gratitude in most aspects. Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV 2030),

launched in October 2008, builds a bridge from the present to the future. It

intends to convert Qatar into an advanced country, behind its growth and

providing a high standard of living for its entire people for generations to come. It

foresees a vibrant and prosperous Qatar with economic and social justice for all.

It envisages all Qataris working together in pursuing this goal, with strong Islamic

and family values directing their collective energies.

Qatar National Vision 2030 builds on a society that promotes justice,

benevolence and equality. It exemplifies the principles of the Permanent

establishment, which shelter public and personal freedoms, promotes ethical and

religious values and customs, and guarantees safety, stability & equal

opportunities.

Qatar National Vision 2030 rests on 4 pillars Human Development to facilitate all of Qatar’s people to keep up a well-off

society.

Social Development to sustain a just and gentle society based on high moral

principles and able of playing a prominent role in the global partnership for

development.

Economic Development to attain an aggressive and diversified economy able

of meeting the needs of, and secure a high standard of living for, its whole people

for the present and for the future.

Environmental Development to guarantee harmony along with economic

growth, social development and environmental protection.

Qatar’s management of its hydrocarbon resources will continue to secure step up

in standards of living, but those development cannot be the only aim of society.

The National Development Strategy 2011–2016 thus aims to balance five major

challenges identified in QNV 2030:

Achievements and the outlook for 2011–2016 Qatar has built a solid foundation for embarking on the National Development

Strategy 2011– 2016. Speedy growth in the 2000s, the best ever in the world,

has specified Qatar one of the world’s utmost levels of per capita income. Lofty

saving, both private and public, has been reproduce in substantial domestic

investment and the buildup of a substantial pool of foreign currency assets.

To meet new demands in a more complex economy and to reinforce

performance, Qatar has embarked on a diversity of reforms. The reform aspires

to transport together decisions of national implication within an included

framework for making premeditated and concerted choices about Qatar’s future.

At an prepared level the reforms highlight development in public services and

relief of “value for money”, thereby attractive opportunities and conditions for the

country as a whole as well as for individual citizens. By helpful national

development main concern and direction, the reforms provide greater

obviousness for the private sector and public society, leading to better position of

welfare across the country.

SOCIAL FACTOR

Identification

Residents of Qatar can be classified into three major groups that are the

Bedouin, Hadar, and Abd. All those three groups are identify themselves like

Qatari and their right to citizenship isn’t challenged, but subtle socio cultural

differences among those three groups are recognized and acknowledged. While

some Hadar are later generations of Bedouin, most descend from migrants from

present-day counties name like Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan and occasionally

are referred to as lrani-Qataris. Alabd, which means "slaves," are the later

generation of slaves brought from east Africa.

Location and Geography

Qatar is a small peninsula on the western shore of the Arabian Gulf. Qatar has

covers approximately 4,247 square miles (6,286 square kilometers). Bahrain and

Iran to the northeast and also the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia to the

south are the neighboring country of Qatar. Water resources near the coast

which means the area of land next to the sea combined with opportunities for

fishing, pearl diving, and seagoing trade have supported large, more permanent

settlements. Between Bedouin and Hadar, this settlement patterns have

contributed or one of the cause to the social differentiation.

Demography

In 1998, 20% of the population is Qatari out of the whole population which

estimated at 579,000. A total of 91.4% live in urban areas. There is imbalance of

gender that is men and women in the total population which visible in Qatar

because of the foreign laborer come without their families. The foreign workers,

mostly comes from India and Pakistan but they cannot obtain citizenship.

Linguistic Affiliation

The official language is Arabic. Because of the large numbers of foreign workers

are in Qatar so that many other languages are commonly spoken, including

Farsi, English, Urdu and Hindi, Malayalam, and Tagalong. The official language

of Iran is Farsi and it is also widely spoken by families that trace their descent

from that country. Many other languages are commonly spoken, including

English, Urdu and Hindi, Malayalam, and Tagalong because of more entry of

foreign worker in Qatar. More than one language is speak by many Qataris in the

country.

Symbolism

Traditional architectural features serve as national symbols like before the

introduction of electricity, the wind towers that cooled homes and by cutting the

gypsum panels on buildings erected before 1940. The nation's flag of Qatar, the

state seal that is different state seal, and photographs of the rules are showed

prominently at public places and local publications.

History and Ethnic Relations

Members of the Al-Khalifa of the Utub tribe move to Qatar especially in order to

find work for short time and established a pearling and commercial base in

Zubarah in the north in 1760. Qatar declared independent country in 1971. The

rule will always be chosen from the Al-Thani family by constitute state in Qatar. A

ministers council and a consultative council will be assisted.

Urbanism, Architecture, and the Use of Space

Doha, the capital of Qatar which having more than 80 % of population. As the

centerpiece of Doha, Qatar’s parks, promenade which use for walk at wide road

or sea side and award-winning waterfront architecture are considered. Dukhan,

Um Said, and Al Khor are centers of the oil sector / business. Many building

designs incorporate architectural essentials resembling desert fort and towers

and it also have characteristically Islamic decorative styles executed in new /

fresh materials. People's identities also symbolized by home. Differences can be

seen in the homes of Qatari citizens and residences of foreign workers.

TECHNOLOGICAL FACTOR

Early Arab and Muslim business practices, surrounding transactions across

thousands of miles, lay some of the base for the modern global country. Patrons

of creation such as Haran Al Rashid and Al Mammon knew that even the most

mysterious research could from time to time lead to world-changing technology.

In that tradition, Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP) provides the plan

and the means for accelerating technology growth in Qatar. New technology-

based enterprises that are helping expand Qatar's economy and providing

stimulating career opportunities for the country's brilliant young scientists and

engineers. By partner with world-leading business and academic study teams,

QSTP will also be a stand for platform technologies that will strengthen the

growth of information industries in Qatar.

Modern concepts of calculation have some of their roots in the Arab-Muslim past,

and not only in noticeable links like the higher mathematical tools (algebra and

algorithms) that enable the management of vast streams of data.

Mathematical scholar worked together and laid the base for prevailing higher

mathematics and the digital revolution. QSTP is following in those steps by

creating a world-class scene where established players and new ventures in

information technology (IT) can team up and compete.

Cisco is the world's leading manufacturer of switches and routers - the plumbing

of the Internet - but it is also an input provider of other networking services. Its

QSTP existence is known as 'Project IQ'. Qatar Foundation is functioning with

Cisco on the open of the global project aimed at building a stage comprising

business and collaboration applications that will permit people from Qatar

Foundation, Qatar, and across the world to work together on research,

education, health, and youth employment. To improve IT skills in Qatar, Cisco is

providing technical training and internship opportunities to confined universities,

partners, and customers.

Working with local organizations, the programmed will widen or license

educational at ease for entrepreneurs to enable sustainable business growth.

One more global IT firm, Microsoft, the world's leading software provider, has

been a member at QSTP as its beginning. Microsoft has allocated $4 million to

six initiating technology-related projects. A much newer Canadian-based

software developer, Fuego, is using mobile phones to make interactive websites.

In 2009 Fuego was awarded a QSTP grant to expand and examine such

technology. Fuego's vision is for people to make internet contented by accessing

web-based software from mobile policy. The company says that even though

tools exist which speak to some of these requirements, none satisfy them all.

Fuego is using its $500,000 contribution to develop and exhibit the software, in

Arabic and other provincial languages.

ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

A new research published by the World Wildlife Fund said Qatar has the most

horrible ecological footprint per person in the world. The vital biennial survey of

the Earth’s physical condition, the gas-rich Gulf state was putting the biggest

demand on the earth’s environmental systems, despite having a limited bio

capacity, or capability to stimulate resources. The individual’s ecological footstep

varies considerably depending on a number of factors, including their country of

residence. There are top 10 countries in the world with the biggest Ecological

Footstep per person are: Qatar, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Denmark, United

States of America, Belgium, Australia, Canada, Netherlands and Ireland. One of

the survey said that declines in biodiversity since 1970 have been most speedy

in the lower income countries They demonstrating how the poorest and most

helpless nations are subsidizing the lifestyles of richer countries.

Now there focus is on the environment in order to sustain the economy and the

future of the country. Above the years, Qatar has worked hard to develop an

attractive and varied investment place. With the omission of gas and oil, Qatar

has partial natural resources, in particular water, having to rely on desalination

and secretive sources for the majority of its requirements. Combined with a

delicate ecosystem, Qatar cannot well afford to play fast and loose when it

comes to the environment. The State of Qatar is about 180 km long and 85 km

wide, cover an area of 11,437 km. country is bordered on three sides by the

waters of the Arabian Gulf and connected to the south by land to Saudi Arabia.

The site is regularly flat to curly with some well-known hill. The range of land

tallness is among 6m to 103 m above sea level. Rocky hills and sand dunes are

generally established in the southern parts of the country. Salty boggy mire flats

are general along the coastal area.

Arab country are facing an vital challenges: how to supply sustainable happiness

for all population and not just looking for development for the sake of

development at any cost. The AFED 2012 statement has establish that no Arab

nation can endure as an isolated body. Though, the variety of natural and human

being capital in the Arab county offer a base for survival and renewal. But this

demands local monetary collaboration and Arab operate free of barrier, where

the open flow of merchandise, funds, and population would employment to the

advantage of all country in the area. Arab country want to role as interdependent

entity. This is mainly right in an period when the globe is gradually affecting

towards local trading bloc, base on realistic ordinary wellbeing. As gloomy as its

result might sound, this statement does not look for to place fear or misery about

reserve deficit.

The Next WTO Ministerial Meeting in Doha (Qatar) represent a key chance to

start a new multilateral cooperation round. Following the failure in Seattle, Doha

will build or break for the multilateral trade structure; either it will be successful in

introduction the new surrounding or it will represent a shift backward for the

multilateral advance. The WTO and the multilateral operate system signify a

basis of global rule-based trade structure.

LEGAL SYSTEM IN QATAR

Qatar is a Middle Eastern peninsula jutting north into the Persian Gulf. This

country distribute a border with Saudi Arabia, and is situated between Bahrain to

the northwest and the United Arab Emirates to the southeast; Iran lies north

across the water. The terrain is largely smooth, rocky desert with shifting sands,

and with salt flats around the seashore. The capital city is Doha; the city is one of

five ports, the others being Umm Said, Al Khor, Al Wakrah, and Ras Laffan.

The economy is largely centred on Qatar’s gas and oil minerals, with oil

production accounting for around two-thirds of total government revenues;

Qatar’s established gas reserves are the world’s third largest. Liquefied natural

gas (LNG) and oil exports make up around 85% of all exports and more than

50% of GDP. Per capita GDP is also among the world’s highest, at USD98, 900

in 2011 (US Department of State figures).

The judicial system in Qatar is made up of a pyramid where the Courts of Justice

and Sharia Courts of Instance form the base of the pyramid. The Courts of

Justice handles commercial and civil matters while the Sharia Courts of Instance

deal with personal relationships. The asker and protecting party can reject the

ruling by these courts and appeal in the Appeal Court of Justice and the Sharia

Court of Appeal which form the middle of the pyramid. The top of the pyramid is

the Court of Cassation which is final court of appeal for all cases and whose

decision cannot be challenged. Judges in Qatar are chosen by the Ministry of

Justice. The Ministry of Justice consists of graduates of either Sharia colleges or

regulation. The judges are promoted by the Ministry of Justice. They are

assigned to provide in courts. Lawyers in Qatar can only stand for clients in the

courts, although some foreign law firms have established links with Qatar

lawyers.

The commercial act in Qatar actually deals with commercial activities,

commercial concern, trade names, competition, and many others. If a company

wishes to import goods, it must hold an importer's number. According to the law

5%, is the standard rate of custom duty. Any goods that are imported from the

mainland of any GCC countries will not be paid for duty. For environmental

legislation in Qatar, the committee that is keeping up under the Environment and

Natural Resources may regulate anything that pertains to producing or making

use of any capability or materials. People who do not follow those orders are

subjected to exclusion, closing down of the place or business, imprisonment, and

fine. The Qatar law takes environmental related conventions sincerely.

Modern legislations cover administrative, economic and social actions were

promulgate. Current Qatar enjoys a extremely evolved and controlled legal

system. The establishment of the Qatari legal structure is to be set up in both

very aged and typical sources. On the one hand, it is founded on Islamic Law

and jurisprudence, and on the other, it has adopt many principles of the

Napoleonic Civil Code. Egyptian jurisprudence and procedure have also had

thoughtful influence on the legal and official system of Qatar. Qatar's existing

lawmaking process commenced in 1961 when law No. 1 for the year 1961,

establishing the Official Gazette was issued. next, several

DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW

The constitution stipulates that the country religion is Islam & national rule incorporates

together secular legal traditions & Sharia (Islamic law). Sunni & Shia Muslims practiced

without restraint. Practitioners of other religions generally worshipped in specially

designated or personal locations. The rule prohibits proselytizing by non-Muslims &

restricts community worship, monitors peaceable religious expression via the Internet, &

requires official registration of religious groups that some create cumbersome. The rule

does not identify Hinduism, Buddhism, or the Baha’i Faith. The administration did not

demonstrate a trend towards either improvement or deterioration in respect for &

protection of the right to religious liberty. In practice, the government usually enforced

legal & policy protections of religious freedom. Adherents of main religions worshipped

with limited government interfering, although there were limits.

Religious Demography

Of the citizen people, which comprises approximately 13 percent of the resident people,

Sunni Muslims constitute the large popular while estimates for Shia Muslims vary

between 5 to 15 %.

Most noncitizens are Sunni or Shia Muslims, Hindus, Christians, or Buddhists. Even as

the comm& does not release data regarding spiritual affiliation, a few membership

estimates for noncitizens are existing from Christian community groups & local

embassies. The Hindu community, approximately exclusively from India & Nepal,

comprises more than 30 % of non-citizens. Roman Catholics are International Religious

Freedom Report for 2011 United States Department of State • Bureau of Democracy,

Human Rights & Labor unofficially estimated at 20 percent of the noncitizen people,

while Buddhists, mostly from South, Southeast, & East Asia, are approximate at

approximately 7 percent of noncitizens. Groups constituting less than 5 % of the

population take in Anglicans, Egyptian Copts, Greek & other Eastern Orthodox, &

Baha’is of Iranian basis.

Qatar is committed to construction a world-standard people-centered integrated

healthcare system with policies & care designed to meet the needs of its population.

The national health sector strategy—which builds on the Supreme Council of Health’s

Qatar National Health Vision 2020: Caring for the Future Establishing a Healthy, Vibrant

Society—provides a practical guide for reforms, with far-reaching & fundamental

changes envisioned across the healthcare system. It seeks to improve health outcomes

by establishing a modern & comprehensive health care system with effective &

affordable services for the whole population.

The system will span physical & mental preventive & curative healthcare, taking into

account the specific needs of men, women & children. High-quality services will be

offered through public & private institutions operating under the direction of a national

health policy that sets & monitors standards for societal, financial, managerial &

technical aspects of healthcare. High caliber research will be directed at improving the

effectiveness & quality of healthcare. OVERVIEW OF ECONOMIC (TRADE & COMMERCE) SECTORS

Qatar is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. It achieves yearly

growth rates of up to 18.9% between 1999 and 2004; Qatar’s economy continues

to grow from strength to strength and is become one of the fastest growing

economies in the world. Qatar economic performance is still relatively dependent

on its oil revenue. LNG’s Contribution is also increase in past few years.

The oil and gas GDP in 2005 is 60% and it will be expected to stay at 61% in

2006 and at 60% in 2007, if oil and gas sector will continue to hold a prominent

share. Due to rally in oil prices, production is increased in natural gas and related

industries. Qatar’s economic growth is enabled it to become one of the wealthiest

countries in the world; Qatar’s GDP per capita reached a record level of $49,655.

Government support

The State of Qatar is a rapidly growing nation and those who want to invest in

business opportunities. As the country attracts increasing numbers of overseas

investors, the government continues to increase expenditure and expand

opportunities by opening up more and more public sector. And desire to increase

the rate of development through foreign investment, because the government is

removed restrictions on import quotas and export duties. Law 13 of 2000 allows

non-Qatari companies, to invest up to 100% in agriculture, industry, healthcare,

education, tourism, exploitation and development of natural resources. Qatar’s

efforts to attract foreign investment have led to the issuing of new laws directed

at creating a favorable business environment.

Qatar industry sector

As is the case for its Middle Eastern neighbors, Qatar is over-reliant on oil and

natural gas. Qatar’s oil production operates close to its threshold. Qatar’s

“National Vision for 2030” is seeks to capitalize its large natural gas reserves and

create a diverse economy. Qatar is a highly industrialized economy, 78.8 % of its

GDP in industry sector. Service sector is made up 21.1 %, and agriculture

contributed 0.1 %. Qatar industrial production growth rate is rising by 27.1 %

from the previous year. Qatar’s main industries include crude oil, ammonia,

fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement.

TRADE RELATIONS AND BUISNESS

As with most oil states in the Middle East, Qatar is looking to improvement and

liberalize its economy to keep away from an over-reliance on oil and gas, most

particularly in light of declining oil prices as a result of the credit crunch.

Investment rules for non-Qataris are more and more becoming more relaxed in

order to improve economic growth. The state initiate a privatization program in

1998, and trading on the Qatar stock exchange was complete to foreign investors

in 2005.

On June 16, 2009, Standard & Poor’s awarded Qatar an ‘AA-/A-1+’ rating,

declared on resilience amid global turmoil, and declared the economic outlook for

the state as stable.

Qatar has been a member of the WTO since January 1996, and has signed a

number of trade and double taxation treaties.

There are 15 banks in service in Qatar, including7 national banks, 2 of which

operate in harmony with Islamic principals. The Qatar Industrial Development

Bank specializes in providing finance to small and medium-sized enterprises.

Businesses are subject to tax on income arise from activities in Qatar. There is

no personal taxation as such, although foreign individuals carrying on a trade are

liable to tax where that income arises from activities carried out in Qatar.

Foreign trading organizations are not allowed to operate on their own behalf ,

they must sell their goods to Qatari concerns that will then market them locally.

Individual importers must have Qatari nationality; most businesses that import

goods must be wholly owned by Qataris.

There are import duties on most goods brought into Qatar for forward sale.

Importers must be registered with and accepted by the Qatar Chamber of

Commerce.

Non-Qataris are not permitted to participate in banking, insurance, commercial

agency, or real estate trading activities, although they are free to invest in real

estate.

QATAR INVESTMENT INCENTIVES

Investments incentive open to foreign participation are by way of partnership

through technology supply, market administration and equity participation. The

key incentives are as follows:

Ownership of up to 49% foreign investment in all Qatari economic

activities Up to 25% ownership of Shareholding Companies listed on the

Doha Securities Market

Allotment of land to settle sown an investment project for a period which

does not go beyond 50 years.

No import duties are payable on machinery, equipment and unused parts

brought into Qatar from any country.

No corporate taxation for prearranged periods, and income tax release for

10 years in Qatar.

Personal Loans can be secured from the Qatar Development Bank.

There is no quantitative quota on imports in Qatar.

Qatar Financial Centre Authority

The Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) was established by the Qatari government in

the year 2005. It aims at attracting international financial services and

multinational corporations in order to develop financial services in Qatar and in

the Gulf Cooperation Council. The QFC consists of the Qatar Financial Centre

Authority, which is the commercial weapon of the QFC, and the QFC Regulatory

Authority, which is an independent regulatory body that reports directly to the

Council of Ministers and regulates all financial services activities in Qatar from

years.

The QFC power is responsible for development and promotion of the QFC as a

leading international finance and business center and to attract banks, insurance

firms, financial services, providers of professional services, and corporate head

office functions to the region. The Authority has 4 principal objectives:

To make growth and promote the QFC as a leading location for

international finance, financial services and business;

To promote and act in a manner with international best practice and get rid

of bureaucracy to the maximum scope

To make sure the financial stability and steadiness of the QFC;

To contribute in consultation with the QFC Rules and Regulatory Authority and the QFC

Tribunal in the establishment and maintenance of the QFC legal and regulatory

environment

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

SEM IV PART II

FINANCIAL AND BANKING SYSTEM IN THE STATE OF QATAR

Historical Development of the Financial and Banking System in the State of Qatar

First Stage: Before Independence, Pre-1971:

The financial and banking system was greatly influenced by the political and

economic circumstances that prevailed in the country in the second half of the

20th century; especially, that of being under the British dominion until 1971 and

the commencement of oil export in 1949.

The Second Stage From 1972 - 1992:

After Qatar attained independence from Britain in September 1971, Qatar began

to witness crucial changes both internally and externally. Qatar joined the

International Monetary Fund on September 8th 1972 and World Bank for

Construction in the

same year.

The Third Stage: 1993 -2000

In 1993 the Emiri Decree of Law (15) of the year 1993 was issued to establish

Qatar Central Bank (QCB) to replace the QMA and the law granted QCB

authorities over of issuing currency and acting as a state bank and the bank of

the banks operating in the country. This is in addition to its main duty of

conducting monetary policy. By the end of 1995 QCB's assists was increased to

reach 500 million riyals.

It can be noticed that in this period the number of banks remained the same

despite the fact that the banks expanded vertically by opening many branches,

which reached 81 branches in the year 2000. This is in addition to 14

representative offices. Grand lays Bank became a mixed bank, as the Qataris

owned 40% of the foreign company's assists. In this period the assets and

liabilities of banks doubled also to reach 48 billion riyals in comparison to 25.40

billion riyals in 1993. Commercial banks worked hard to improve their banking

methods and business techniques to echo global development in the art of

banking business.

The contribution of the financial and banking system in the total GDP:

The contribution of the financial and banking system in the total GDP was about

3.0% in 2000 to reach 1.8 billion riyals in the same year, compared with 997

million riyals in 1991 with an average growth rate of 81.3%. The average

contribution of the banking and financial system in the GDP was 3.0% in 2000

and 4.5% in 1998. The contribution of the finance sector, insurance and business

services was 37.9% in 2000 and the rate was between 32.4% in 1993 and 38.1%

in 1996.

Qatar Central Bank (QCB)

Qatar Central Bank was established in August 1993 to replace Qatar Monetary

Fund. It works to uphold the stability of the finance market. Its capital has been

increased to reach QR. 1 billion. The strength of the Qatari Riyal is attributed to

the strength the Qatari economy and the huge revenues of hard currency earned

from the exports of oil, gas and heavy industries products, in addition to the

stability of the banking system. The Bank has been continuing its policy to

liberalize interest rates since 1995. According to this policy banks are free to

determine the interest rates without restrictions, which created the right condition

for healthy competition among the banks operating in the country.

Current scenario of Qatar banking industry:

QCB may, in emergency situations, grant loans and issue obligations to

financial institutions not exceeding 50% of the bank’s capital and reserves, QCB

may extend the maturity of these loans or obligations based on a reasonable

plan specifying the measures and procedures that financial institutions must

adopt in order to meet the financial requirements set by the Bank.

Support banks' liquidity through Repo transactions with the Central Bank

and other mechanisms specified by the Bank.

Issue instructions to the banks prescribing conditions or financial ratios,

which all banks must adhere to, in order to ensure their liquidity and solvency,

including liquidity ratio and credit ratio, in addition to the instructions issued with

regard to the bank’s liquidity management in both regular and unusual

circumstances. QCB shall also assess the liquidity management risks at each

bank, in accordance with these requirements. In this regard, the Central Bank

obliged all banks to apply the capital adequacy ratio according to (Basel II),

based on specific executive instructions with a minimum ratio prescribed at 10%

compared to 8% specified in the agreement.

Rules for Banking Industry In Qatar

There are 15 banks in Qatar. There are no exchange control regulations.

There is great confidence in Qatar’s banking system. (Foreign investors need

permission from the Qatari Government to invest in the banking and insurance

sectors.)

Qatar’s new regulations on personal borrowings may slow growth and

profits at banks such as Commercial Bank of Qatar and Doha Bank, according to

Credit Suisse Group.

Commercial Bank, the nation’s second-biggest bank by assets, and Doha

Bank, the third-largest lender, had their stock recommendations cut to “neutral”

from “outperform,” Mohamad Hawa, London-based research analyst at Credit

Suisse, wrote in a report on Wednesday.

“We adjust our key forecasts and cut loan growth for Commercial Bank to

5.1 percent this year and Doha to 3.2 percent,” Hawa wrote. The bank lowered

the 2011-2012 cumulative earnings estimates by 15.4 percent, he said.

Qatari citizens can borrow no more than QR2m ($549,254) on loans with a

maximum maturity of six years, Al Sharq reported April 11, without saying how it

obtained the information. Residents can borrow as much as QR400,000 on loans

of no more than four years. The interest rate was capped at 6.5 percent, the

newspaper said.

Tax Structure of Qatar

Law No. (11) of 1993 was issued on 14 July 1993 to cover the income tax system

and filing procedure in Qatar. In general, the law provides that any business

activity carried out in Qatar will be subject to tax. An activity has been defined as

any occupation, profession, service, trade or the execution of a contract or any

other business for the purpose of making profit. Income tax is levied on

partnerships and companies operating in Qatar whether they operate through

branches or in partnership with foreign companies.

Direct Taxes

Tax shall be levied on a taxpayer’s income arising from activities in the State of

Qatar. The term activities includes: profits realized on any project executed in

Qatar; profits realized from the sale of any of the company’s assets; commission

due to agencies or arising from representation agreements or commercial

agency whether such commission is realized in or outside the State of Qatar;

fees paid for consultancy, arbitration or expertise and other related services; and

rent from property.

Deductions

Expenses incurred to earn the taxable income are deductible. These include: •

interest expenses; rent paid; salaries and labor cost, end of service benefits and

all related contents including charges allocated to end of service benefits,

pension funds and other similar charges; fees and taxes other than Income tax;

debts written off that are approved by the tax administration and which are in

accordance with standards established for this purpose.

Schedule of Banks in Qatar

Generally, banks are open from 7.30am to 1pm (Sunday to Thursday), but a

number of banks also open in the afternoon and on Saturday mornings as per

the work requirement. The local branches of Qatar’s National Bank are normally

open on Fridays and Saturdays.

Banking services in Qatar

Qatari Banks are extremely well financed, protected and well controlled, with the

Qatari establishment sustaining domestic banks, with direct investments. Kindling

of both national and international banks can be found throughout the nation. A

number of banks provide drive-in banking services, while others offer mobile

banking for customers who live in faraway areas. Large companies often have

banks located on-site, as do a number of government departments.

Retail banking services available in Qatar include branch banking, online and

telephone banking. The use of credit, debit and cash cards is common, and cash is a trendy form of payment for regular dealings. The statements of banks and

official banking communication can be provided either in Arabic or English

language, and many of the banks in Qatar provide offset services in both

languages.

The main types of bank account in Qatar

There are three main types of accounts used for everyday banking and savings

in Qatar:

Current account – typically used for everyday banking. Current accounts

generally have no monthly fees so long as a minimum balance is maintained

(around 3,000 QAR or £525 GBP) and many offer unlimited transactions. Interest

rates paid on current accounts are generally low

Savings account – typically pays a higher rate of interest than current

accounts, but access to funds may be limited, and savings accounts may allow

only a certain number of fee-free withdrawals. Savings accounts typically require

a minimum balance of around 5,000 QAR (£875 GBP) to be maintained

Fixed-deposit account – these accounts are primarily for long-term saving,

with interest rates offered typically higher than either current or savings accounts.

These accounts may offer limited or no access to funds until the account

matures, and minimum account balances can be around 20,000 QAR (£3,500

GBP)

Currency exchange in Qatar

You will find bureaux de change and money-transfer facilities at Qatar’s

airports, many of which are open 24 hours a day, but they typically offer low

exchange rates. Many of the hotels also exchange foreign currency, but again

their rates are typically collegial. To find the best exchange rates, look for city-

centre bureaux de change.

ATMs in Qatar

ATMs are extensively available in Qatar, particularly in the major towns

and cities, and generally accept a broad variety of both national and international

cards. Envisage paying a fee for using ATMs operated by banks other than your

own.

Cash withdrawal using debit cards may be controlled to a daily limit set by

your bank, and to make cash withdrawals with a debit card you will need to have

funds available in your account. Many of the ATMs in Qatar can be operated

either in Arabic and English language both.

Credit and charge cards

Visa and MasterCard are generally issued and conventional, with

American Express and Diners Club accepted to a smaller degree. If you withdraw

cash from an ATM using a credit card, guess to pay a fee.

Remember that you can often bargain over prices – except if you pay with

a credit card. In that case you must pay the first price the vendor demands, and

there’s likely to be an additive applied to credit card dealings.

Cheques

Since May 2010, the post-dating of cheques are no longer accepted, and the

recipient of a cheque is able to present the cheque instantly to their bank for

encashment. This may source difficulty for the tenants of borrowed properties in

Qatar as it is used to accept the practice to issue a series of post-dated cheques

to the owner for the period of a occupancy.

Going overdrawn

In Qatar, going insolvent on your current account without prior agreement is

taken very seriously. Unofficial overdrafts attract considerable fine charges and

fees. Issuing a cheque without the essential funds in your account is measured a

serious criminal offence, and the police will be notified at the judgment of the

bank concerned. Examination is common and punishments can be cruel,

including jail terms. When issuing cheques, be alert of the new laws relating to

post-dated cheques that is applied from May 2010) and above all, before you

mark a cheque, you must guarantee you have enough funds in your account.

Money transfers to and from Qatar

There is a wide diversity of specialist money transfer business in Qatar. Currency

regulations relating to the import and export of currencies are subject to change.

As of April 2010, there are no limitations on the EXIM of local or foreign currency

in or out of Qatar. However, Israeli currency is banned, and can neither be

brought into the country nor taken out.

Bank charges

Naturally, current accounts in Qatar are free so long as a minimum account

balance is maintained. Charges differ between account types and banks, so it is

wise to research charges before opening an account, particularly given that

changing banks can be difficult.

Future opportunities of insurance sector in Qatar

The Insurance sector in Qatar is showing all the signs that it could explode into

life in the coming years. When its figures are assessed against global ones,

there’s almost an anomaly of sorts, an inconsistency which must have investors

through-out the world studying them and trying to qualify them.

The Qatari economy is currently growing at about 16 percent, and in spite of this,

the Insurance sector is growing at an even faster pace, an annual growth of 25

percent per annum between 2005 and 2009 and 18 percent per annum between

2006 and 2010, according to Business Monitor International. Qatari firms have

been able to accompany this growth over the past five years, and premiums have

grown substantially.

Life insurance

In 2008, life insurance accounted for only 14 percent of the GCC’s total

insurance volume, but this has grown at a rate of 39 percent since. Qatar actually

showed a declining rate between 2005 and 2008.

There are reasons for this apparent lack of interest in life insurance in the region;

one is the diversity of products -– there aren’t enough products to deal with the

populace -– and the second is cultural reservations.

“I think the cultural taboos around life insurance are being addressed by Takaful,”

said Randeva. “The growth of this organisation and the increasing acceptance of

their insurance structure is now leading to life insurance premiums that are

growing faster than non-life insurance premiums. But it’s relative, in the sense

that it’s growing from a very low base”.

Trade relations of Qatar with other nations in the sector of banking and

insurance

Financial services

Banking

The banking subsector in Qatar comprises 15 commercial banks: eight are

Qatari-owned (i.e. five commercial banks, two Islamic banks, and the specific,

wholly state-owned, Qatar Industrial Development Bank (QIDB)); two Arab

banks; and five foreign banks. In 2001, 3,449 persons were occupied in banking

actions. In 2002, total assets of foreign banks represented 11.8% of total assets

in the subsector. Banking performance are highly concerted, with the three

largest banks (QNB, Doha Bank, and the Commercial Bank of Qatar) controlling

65.7% of total assets, 63.7% of loans advances, and 64% of customer deposits

at the end of 2000. Additionally, around half of commercial bank credit has usually been focussed to the public sector.

Securities

Based on Law No. 14 of 1995, the Doha Securities Market (DSM) was formally

opened on 26 May 1997. It has a central registry, since August 1998, and

electronic trading was launched on 11 March 2002. There are 30 companies

listed, including companies in industry, banking, insurance, and other services.

However, three companies, Industries of Qatar (IQ), Q-Tel, and QNB, accounted

for 30.4%, 26% and 18.5%, respectively, of DSM's market capitalization at the

end of June 2003.There are about 170,000 investors registered in the DSM;

96% are Qatari, and the rest are GCC citizens and expatriates.

In analogous with Qatar's economic growth, the DSM has performed very

powerfully over the last few years, with the all-share index growing by 37.2% in

2001, 37.3% in 2002, and 69.8% in 2003.

Insurance

Qatar's insurance market consists of ten insurance and re-insurance companies:

five are Qatari (all listed in the DSM), two are from Lebanon, and one each from

Egypt, United Kingdom, and the United States. In 2001, 430 persons were

engaged in the subsector. The total number of insurance policies issued in Qatar

raised from 204,182 in 1997 to 252,659 in 2002 (85.6% were car insurance),

while the value of written premiums went from QR 529,672 to QR 691,460.

EDUCATION INDUSTRY IN QATAR

For Enhancing Economic Stability - Hydrocarbon dependency exposes Qatar to

gyrations in global energy markets, leaving economic planning prey to high levels

of uncertainty. For a hydrocarbon-exporting economy such as Qatar, energy

price shifts hit the fiscal revenue stream directly, creating ripple effects

throughout the economy. The inherent unpredictability of energy prices makes it

particularly difficult for policy- makers to judge the most constructive fiscal

stance. There is always the risk that errors in fiscal calculations accentuate

volatility. Given the unpredictability of global oil prices, it is virtually impossible to

know whether price changes are temporary or lasting. Recognizing the

challenges, and the need for high levels of saving and a broader fiscal base, the

government will launch a budget reform program, built around a reorganization of

the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The key goal is successfully implementing

a comprehensive legal and budgetary framework for public finance, consistent

with the Permanent Constitution.

For Building Knowledge and Skills - As the Qatar economy diversifies from its

reliance on gas and oil, success will depend increasingly on the ability to

compete in a global knowledge economy. Continuing substantial investments in

educating and training of Qataris will be critical to achieving the goals of the

National Development Strategy 2011–2016. Beyond preparing citizens to be part

of the country’s economic engine, education and training offer multiple benefits to

society.

Education provides a solid grounding in Qatari religious, moral and ethical

values, in national identity and in traditions and cultural heritage. Schools

produce well-rounded and engaged citizens and build more cohesive and

participatory societies. Education also helps people make better decisions about

health, marriage, parenting and social responsibility. Finally, a successful

education strategy supports innovation in science, medicine and industry.

Qatar has made great strides towards creating a world-class education system,

through the Education for a New Era reforms, begun after the Supreme

Education Council was established in 2002, and the reforms of Qatar University,

begun in 2003. In addition, Qatar Foundation’s Education City has continued to

expand and progress over the past decade, with the establishment of a cluster of

top-class international universities that are helping to make Qatar a regional

leader in innovative education and research.

Qatar is a Middle Eastern peninsula jutting north into the Persian Gulf. The

country shares a limit with Saudi Arabia, and is situated between Bahrain to the

northwest and the United Arab Emirates to the southeast; Iran lies north

crossways the water. The terrain is largely level, rocky desert with uneven sands,

and with salt flats about the coast. The capital city is Doha; the city is single of

five ports, the others being Umm Said, Al Khor, Al Wakrah, and Ras Laffan.

Qatar has a population of just in excess of 1.9m (as at July 2012, including

expatriates). It is estimated that 40% are Arab, 18% Indian, 18% Pakistani, and

10% Iranian, with 14% making up other ethnic groups. The principal religion is

Islam.

Until October 2004, Qatari laws operated on a two-tier system: Sharia law was

administered at the local language, while the civil courts operated on the English

model overshadow from a period during which Qatar was a British protectorate.

A new unifying law has since move toward into force, and the Qatari Constitution

came into effect in June 2005; Islamic Sharia is the principal source of legislation.

The government of Qatar is based on a traditional monarchy, whereby the Emir

(presently Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani) is both head of state and head of

administration. His cousin, Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim Al-Thani, is deputy leader

and prime minister.

The economy is largely centered on Qatar’s gas and oil reserves, with oil

production accounting for around two-thirds of total government revenues;

Qatar’s proven gas reserves are the world’s third largest. Liquefied natural gas

(LNG) and oil exports make up around 85% of all exports and more than 50% of

GDP. Per capita GDP is also among the world’s highest, at USD98,900 in 2011

(US Department of State figures).

The Qatar countrywide Vision is based on a set of procedure of the Qatari

establishment, and the good instructions of the leadership of the State, as well as

on broad based national discussion. The Qatar National Vision is based on four

pillars human, social, economic, and ecological growth. Education and human

resource development are an essential part of the first pillar, namely human

development, which includes education and training, health, and also the

manpower.

Qatar's educational system has also realized a number of achievements in recent

decades at the top of which is the expansion of the educational map of the State,

as the education sector is rich with about 600 government schools covering

various levels of education, and spread in various parts of the country. This

expansion confirms the State's keenness on providing opportunities for public

and specialized education for different groups of students in various stages of

education.

The aim of education and training sector is to construct an educational system

that keeps pace with worldwide standards structure, and matches the best

educational structure in the world. This system provides citizens with

opportunities to develop their skills, Moreover with the best training to enable

them to do well in a changing world with rising technical necessities, encourages

analytical and critical thinking, and enlarges their creativity and innovation.

This is why the State of Qatar is currently seeking to establish an integrated and

comprehensive database on education, to carry on the development of the

educational level of students to achieve high-quality education, to promote

community participation, increase the contribution of all sectors in education, to

strengthen the national identity and the Arab-Islamic culture of the Qatari society,

in addition to promoting scientific research and its applications, the continuous

development of education professionals, as well as promoting quality programs

within the school, particularly with regard to learning programs. Last but not least,

the State of Qatar seeks to make greater efforts towards the preparation of future

high school students wishing to enter the labor market.

Qatar’s education and training system must be comprehensive and integrated,

stretching from early childhood education through to higher level education and

extra training. Engrained in this structure is the idea of lifetime learning, with

individuals encouraged to acquire education and update their skills throughout

their lives.

Attention to quality will be part of establishing curricula, resourcing schools and

training centers, improving information and communication technology and

managing governance arrangements. It will contribute to improving attainment by

students at all levels, particularly in science, mathematics and languages. And it

will support increased transitions to post-secondary studies. A major priority is to

increase the share of students, especially male students, who pursue a tertiary

education, to which returns are high.

In 1962 the Department of Training and Vocational Development was set up to

help provide the country's demand for skilled and semi-skilled labor. The aim is to

qualify and train Qatari workers and technicians. In adding up to several training

centers, a local training centre was also established in 1970 with the help of the

United Nations Development Program.

In Qatari schools and colleges, all subject matter is educated in the Arabic

language. English is educated as a foreign language in common use in the

country. The department of Education and Culture has decided to commence

English language teaching from the start of the elementary stage.

The economic and social expansion that has been witnessed in current years by

the State of Qatar has reflected surely in a noticeable prosperity of higher

education and on the establishment of private universities, colleges, and

educational and training centers.

The responsibility of the Supreme Education Council and the Higher Education

Institute lies in overseeing, following-up, and evaluating these institutions and

setting clear conditions and procedures for the process of licensing and

accreditation of their educational programs.

The Higher Education Institute assess and reviews the feasibility study and the

documents provided by the Institution and conduct any interviews and

consultations around it and then take one of the following decisions:

1. Approves the application and the feasibility study and submits to the

Secretary General of the Supreme Education Council a technical

recommendation that the Council’s executive Committee grant the

Institution a conditional license.

2. Issues a written rejection of the application, giving the reasons for

rejection.

3. Defers a decision on the application and requests the Institution to provide

additional quality assurance to ensure that the standards appropriate to

licensing and accreditation are met.

The organization can appeal the negative response decision to the Secretary

General of the Supreme Education Council within one month of the date the

application is rejected.

There has not at all been a Nobel Prize for education and it is the Qataris who

have been the first to generate an alike, launching the WISE prize last year,

worth $500,000 (£319,000).

Sir Fazle Hasan Abed was familiar for opening schools in countries such as

South Sudan

"We talk about the importance of education, but there was nothing prestigious

globally that really reflected that," said by Dr Abdulla.

Dr Abdulla said human contacts are a really significant part of this and he is

proud that the international universities in Qatar have 85 different nationalities

among the students.

But he wavers about whether he should say openly there is much "ignorance"

about his county.

In compare to India, Qatar has very good primary as well as graduate level

education system; there is vast opportunity for Indian education institute in Qatar,

The Federal government of Qatar launched its initiative of developing higher

education in Qatar under the slogan “education for a new era”, which aims to

provide the best educational programs for the sons and daughters of Qatar in

order to prepare them to meet the requirements of the economic and social

development process of the country.

Opportunity in Qatar for Education

There are a huge number of private and international schools in Qatar. The

majority expatriates and some Qataris choose to send their children to these

schools. These schools (and curricula) comprise Qatar Academy (IB World

School), Doha College (UK curriculum), American School of Doha, The Gulf

English School (UK / IB curriculum), Qatar International School (UK Curriculum

for England), MES Indian School and Ideal Indian School (CBSE) and English

Modern School.

Qatar’s education organization has been developed to teach its own elites in the

range of fields of education. Different colleges and universities have been

developed to provide modern education to students from Qatar and for foreign

students. There are 100 of Indian students presently studying in Qatar

universities and colleges, several have directly came from India to study in Qatar

and many have come among their parents who are operational in Qatar. Once

you begin studying in Qatar universities and colleges, you will discover a mix of

students from a variety of countries. As a overseas student, you may have to pay

the instruction fee in almost all universities and colleges. However, Qatar

nationals are let off from tuition fee.

Grants and Scholarships are also obtainable in some universities and colleges.

There are various top universities in Qatar offering range of courses in a range of

fields such as management and media, engineering, medical-science,

information-technology etc. some of the universities and colleges where you

might get admission are:

• Qatar University

• CHN University Doha

• Texas AandM University

• Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar

• College of the North Atlantic Qatar

There are many people from Gujarat live in Qatar, so obvious there is opportunity

for Gujarat universities to establish their courses in Qatar. Vice versa Qatar

University has potentiality to establish their education program in Gujarat, the

area such as: Management, Engineering and Medical .

Same time Gujarat immerge as a model state across the world through its

inclusive growth strategy and business model, the state government initiate to

provide platform for the foreign players in all industrial and service area.

Opportunities in the education sector are those associated with new privately

funded schools taking part in the Outstanding Private Schools Project includes

teacher training, curriculum standards, innovation in teaching and learning

methodologies, pedagogy and equipment and learning problems. The awarding

bodies that should be move towards for these chances are the Supreme

Education Council, The Higher Education Institute as well the Evaluation Institute

and the Outstanding Private Schools Committee.

AVIATION SECTOR

Qatar airways were established on November 22, 1993.this airlines stared his

operation on January 1994 it is owned by privately members of royal family of

Qatar. Qatar Airways is a relatively new regional airlines that is moving toward

becoming a global brand. It has aggressively moved toward fulfilling its growth

strategy goals, partly due to increasing brand recognition and awareness The

image created is that of a young, progressive and high-quality airline that offers

excellent and unique customer service. It also promotes traditional Arabic

hospitality while embracing modern society and an openness to other cultures. It

sends this message through its style of service and also with a staff of

employees on board their airlines who come from a variety of backgrounds.

Qatar Airways faces the same type of challenge as any new brand, but it also

has the challenge of having its image directly associated with the image of the

country of Qatar. For this reason, the employees of Qatar Airways like to present

themselves as goodwill ambassadors to the country and culture, besides

promoting the quality service of the airlines itself.

Structure of Aviation Industry In Qatar

Qatar Airways is the national carrier of the State of Qatar. Currently undergoing

rapid expansion, Qatar Airways is one of the fastest growing airlines operating

one of the youngest fleets in the world. Qatar Airways was launched on January

20, 1994. Government of Qatar owns 50 % of share and 50% of others are

private shareholders. The head office of Qatar Airways is at Qatar Airways

Tower, Doha, Qatar. The official web-site is www.qatarairways.com, Qatar

Airways has network of 124 Destinations worldwide. There are 14,600

employees in Airline and 7500 employees in subsidiaries of Qatar Airlines.

Functions of Aviation Industry In Qatar:-

First class

Recliner seats at 160 degrees, fully flat 180, degree beds and 79 inch seat pitch,

1–2–1 seat configuration, 23 inch x 18.5 inch meal table allows dinner for two

and a side cocktail table, Up to 17 inch personal touch screen LCD TVs

Business class

Access to worldwide business class lounges, Baggage allowance of 30 kg. On

transatlantic flights, this increases to two pieces of luggage, each not exceeding

32 kg, fully flat 180 degree beds, from 6 foot 4 inch in length on Boeing 777 and

165 degrees on all other long haul aircraft.

Economy class

One of the world’s most generous seat pitches of up to 34 inch, Four course in-

flight meal service with complimentary bar service, Up to 10.6 inch personal TV

screen with fully interactive in-fligh.t

BUSINESS ACTIVITIES OF AVIATION INDUSTRY IN QATAR:-

From Qatar Airways’ hub in Doha, the country’s capital, the airline has developed

a global network of over 120 destinations, covering Europe, Middle East, Africa,

South Asia, Asia Pacific, North America and South America with a modern fleet

of over 110 passenger and cargo aircraft.

For 2013, Qatar Airways has so far announced an expansion of its global

footprint to serve Gassim (Saudi Arabia); Najaf (Iraq); Phnom Penh (Cambodia);

Chicago, its fourth gateway in the United States; Salalah (Oman) and Chengdu

(China).

Business Activities of Indian Aviation Industry

Liberalization and economic reforms undertaken by the government

Fast expansion of industries in consonance with economic reforms

Emergence of service sector

Average GDP growth of around 8.9% during the last 5 years

Increase in inbound and outbound tourists and medical tourism

Over 300 million strong middle class

Comparative Position of Aviation Industry of India With Gujarat

Over the past 10 years, the Indian aviation has moved from a closed,

poorly managed and over-regulated industry to a more open, liberalized, and

investor friendly sector.

Liberalization of the sector and entry of low cost carriers have been the

main drivers for the growth. The sector has also witnessed growth in terms of

increased airport infrastructure and increased numbers of operating airlines.

Gujarat possesses one of the largest networks of airports and airfields in

the country. It has 17 airports, including one international airport, under the

operational jurisdiction of Airports Authority of India (AAI). All except three

airports are operational and most run scheduled fights, through there are cyclical

variations.

Present Position and Trend of Aviation In Qatar And India

Mumbai, India : One of the world's fastest growing airlines, Qatar Airways,

has identified India as a key element in its multi-billion dollar ambitious growth

plans, a top airline official said here today.

Apart from supporting World Travel India as the 'Official Airline' the gas-

rich emirate's National Flag carrier has taken up a 110 square metre stand,

where it is showcasing the airline's history, culture and future plans as well as

Qatar's rich heritage, tourism and economic might.

"Qatar and Qatar Airways, both have very old and strong links to India. We

treasure that and to show our commitment to the Indian market and to affirm the

importance we place on our ties with India, we are here today before you," Qatar

Airways Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Akbar Al Baker, said to delegates at the

accompanying forum.

Giving a background of the airline, the Qatar Airways' CEO said the young

airline is moving rapidly on the upward curve and is now set to achieve greater

heights.

Qatar Airways is itself increasing the fleet to 52 aircraft in the next five

years - and to 56 aircraft by 2011. It recently signed a US$ 5.1 billion order for 34

Airbus aircraft.

Qatar Export, Import And Trade

Oil and natural gas are crucial components of its trade revenues.85% of

Qatar's export earnings are derived from these industries.

Qatar’s oil reserves are predictable to run dry by 2023 and the Qatari

administration has since listening carefully its notice to increasing the

natural gas industry. Increased liquid Natural Gas (LNG) production in

exacting has driven Qatar’s fast growth in current times.

In spite of already being the world’s largest LNG exporter, Qatar aims to

additional than double its current production of LNG by the ending of

2013.

Japan is Qatar’s major export partner, more than 25 percent of Qatar’s

total LNG output, and more LNG will be requisite to meet its power wants

due to compact capability of Japan's nuclear power plant life which has

increased after the disaster in Japan in 2011.

Business Opportunities in Future In Qatar and India

Qatar Aviation services is subsidiary of Qatar airways and world’s fastest

growing airline expanding its network covering the Middle East, Far East, Africa,

Asia and Europe, is responsible for given that the ground handling services and

support at Doha International Airport. CTC is a key partner for Qatar Airways

which deliver the collection of professional pilots. CTC Aviation to supply pilots to

sustain the airline’s rapid expansion plans.

Qatar Airways has launched a violent growth plan to ensure that it can offer

people a greater choice of destination, more flights, and the latest in-flight

products and services. As part of this growth plan, Qatar Airways will extend its

route network to 50 destinations by the end of 2003. It has recently added

Manchester and Rome to its growing route network. It will soon be adding

Shanghai, Seoul and Tripoli to its route network. Akbar Al Baker explained that

Qatar Airways planned to introduce more freighters to its fleet of 39 all-Airbus

aircraft and generate a global network of cargo services.

Qatar Airways launched flights to 10 new destinations during 2010. So that there

is wide scope for business development and many companies are attracted in

Qatar aviation markets. There is a very fast growth in the aviation sector which

resulted the profitable business.

Qatar Airways has so far announced an expansion of its global footstep to serve

Gassim (Saudi Arabia); Najaf (Iraq);Phnom Penh (Cambodia); Chicago, its fourth

gateway in the United States; Salalah (Oman) and Chengdu (China) in 2013.

India is in the middle of a transition in its civil aviation sector. A large part of how

the sector will develop and its success depends on how rapidly the infrastructure

bottlenecks are removed to contain the growing demand.

With the increasing number of billionaires in India growing at the rate of 20

percent per year even if the corporate aviation has huge potential.

Corporate aviation can give to an organization operating more proficiently with

many financial, economic and social benefits. It can additional provide a multi-

utilitarian value to other industry players and act as a medium in the India’s

economic development.

The view of the infrastructural opportunities ranges from advanced projects like

Kolkata, Chennai, and 35 non-metro airports, to those that are currently being

expanded, such as Mumbai and Delhi. Due to the nature of the partnerships at

Mumbai and Delhi, these projects may provide open competitive business

opportunities to U.S. firm.

Drawn by productive market opportunities, in a comparatively short time, several

global aerospace majors that manufacture business aircraft have established

their existence in India. Boeing with its Boeing Business Jet (BBJ) and Airbus

offering its Airbus Corporate Jet (ACJ) are also current albeit with small numbers,

primarily for use by the Government or for personal use by some of the business

tycoon in the country. Forecast by Bombardier is that India will collect 385

business jets between now and 2020 and another 945 jets in the decade

following.

HEALTHCARE SECTOR

Health sector of Qatar has come a long way since the country's first hospital

opened its doors almost 50 years ago. Today, the industry boasts the most

advanced medical equipment and highly qualified staff, a countrywide system of

hospitals and healthcare centres, as well as a cardiology department that is

referred to by outside specialists as "one of the best in the world". And as per the

report from the general secretariat of the GCC ministers of health, Qatar enjoys

the region's lowest maternal mortality rate.

Preventive Health Care Services

The Preventive Health Department is liable for fighting contagious diseases,

carrying out inoculation, vaccination, and food and quarantine watch control at

the airport and seaports, providing health education in the field of mother and

child care and insuring environmental health and safety.

Primary health care

Primary health care aims to recognize social development by adopting health

programs that help citizens to become productive elements in society. The

programs implemented by the Primary Health care include health alertness,

motherhood and childhood health care, immunization against childhood

diseases, diagnosing and treating chronic diseases, providing medicinal drugs,

healthy food and clean water and ambulance and medical emergency services.

Structure, Function and Business Activities of Health Care

Industry in Qatar

The Ministry of Health is the legal health authority in the country. It is liable for

the supervision of health system development. The policy environment for health

and health systems is in a state of cross-pressures in terms of growing needs

and uncertainty and discontinuity in long-term policy-making and strategic

management.

In 2005 Emiri decree established Qatar's Supreme Council of Health (SCH). It

changed the earlier Health National Health Authority and Ministry of Public

Health. The Supreme Council of Health’s role is to create a clear vision for the

nation’s health direction, set goals and objectives for the country, design policies

to get the vision, regulate the medical background, protect the public’s health, set

the health research programme, and supervise and analyse progress towards

achieving those objectives.

The Supreme Council of Health does not give direct healthcare services; rather,

these are the dependability of public health institutions, such as the Hamad

Medical Corporation and other private healthcare sources.

The Hamad Medical Corporation is made up of several hospital sites:

Hamad General Hospital (603 beds)

Rumailah Hospital (664 beds; 1982, Rumailah Hospital became a

rehabilitation center for disabled adults, elderly people and handicapped children;

it also includes plastic surgery, ENT surgery, ophthalmology, day surgery and a

stroke unit

Women's Hospital (334 beds)

Al Khor Hospital (located 50km outside of Doha)

National Center for Cancer Care & Research (treats hematology/oncology

patients aged 15+; provides radiation oncology service for patients of all ages)

HMC also operates numerous primary care centres.

COMPARATIVE POSITION OF HEALTH CARE SECTOR OF QATAR WITH INDIA AND GUJARAT

Health care in Gujarat

The public health care system consists of primary, secondary and tertiary level

institutions. Gujarat has a well networked infrastructure comprising of 7274 sub-

centres, The secondary level consists of taluka and district hospitals while the

tertiary level covers teaching hospitals with medical colleges and specialized

hospitals. The state has over 24,000 allopathic doctors, eight allopathic medical

colleges and 15 training schools for auxiliary nurse midwives.

Health care in India

Hospitals serve a significant role in India's healthcare system. They present in-

patient and out-patient services and also carry the training of health workers and

research. Indian hospitals can be broadly classified as public hospitals, private

and not-for-profit hospitals. Healthcare spending in India accounts for over 5% of

the country's Gross Domestic Product.

Comparative study of healthcare sector infrastructure in India, Gujarat & Qatar

Revenues from the healthcare account for 5.2% of the GDP making it the 3rd

largest growth segment in India and is projected to grow to nearly US$50 billion

by 2013.Health care market in India, Gujarat & Qatar in (US$)

Country/State Market size

India 74.2 Billion

Qatar 43.5 Billion

Gujarat 22.3 Billion

Source: Department of Commerce, GOI

India is the seventh largest country in the world and the second most populous

country after China. A huge amount of private capital will be vital in the coming

years to enhance and expand India’s healthcare infrastructure to meet the needs

of a growing population and an invasion of medical tourists. Total healthcare

infrastructure expenses for 2013 are expected to reach $14.2 billion.

Particulars India Qatar Gujarat

Hospitals(PVT & PUBBLIC) 17593 6418 1592

Beds 875000 246700 60712

Doctors 592215 284314 44321

Nurses 737000 74100 81000

Dentists 80000 9350 11600

Pharmacists 350000 181400 17120

Source: Department of Commerce, GOI

POTENTIAL FOR IMPORT / EXPORT OF HEALTHCARE IN INDIA

The Indian healthcare sector constitutes

Medical care providers: physicians, specialist clinics, nursing homes and

hospitals;

Diagnostic service centers and pathology laboratories;

Medical equipment manufacturers;

Contract research organizations (CRO's), pharmaceutical manufacturers;

Third party support service providers (catering, laundry)

In 2013 the healthcare industry in India is expected to increase in size from its

current €12.72 billion to €29.6 billion. For the healthcare India will spend €33.8

billion in the next five years as the country, on an economic upsurge, is

witnessing changes in its demographic profile accompanied with lifestyle

diseases and increasing medical expenses. Revenues from the healthcare sector

account for 5.2% of the GDP and it employs over 4 million people. Revenues can

reach 6.5 to 7.2% of GDP and direct and indirect employment can double in

2013.

India is one of the world’s leading destinations for medical tourism, providing

treatments in complex areas such as joint replacements, orthopaedic surgery,

cardiology and cosmetic procedures at nearly one-tenth of the cost incurred in

the United States. The medical tourism industry is expected to grow by at least

30% annually, as international consumers look to reduce their healthcare

expenditures.

Affluence is contributing to an increase in lifestyle related ailments—including

heart disease and diabetes—among India’s upper-middle class. India is

forecasted to have the world’s greatest incidence of cardiovascular disease in

2020 and at present India is believed to have the world’s highest number of

diabetic patients.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY IN FUTURE

The fast growth in the Indian healthcare sector has created various pockets of

opportunities for investors.

Medical infrastructure forms the largest portion of the healthcare. Beds in

excess of one million need to be added to reach a ratio of 1.85 per

thousand at an investment of US$ 77.9 billion.

The medical equipment industry is around US$ 2.17 billion and is growing

at 15 per cent per year. It is estimated to reach US$ 4.97 billion by 2013.

Medical Tourism

Medical tourism industry is pegged at US$ 1 billion per annum, rising at

around 18% and is predictable to touch US$ 2 billion by 2015.Medical

tourism is an important segment because it allows most hospitals to

charge a premium of around 20-25% over what it does to local patients.

Opportunities

The analysis highlights various ‘pockets of opportunity’ within the Indian

healthcare sector. The keys for opportunity within the Indian Healthcare sector

are Medical Infrastructure, Telemedicine, Medical Equipment, Medical textiles,

Health Insurance, Clinical Trials, Health services outsourcing and Medical value

travel.

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

The construction industry plays an vital role in the socio economic growth of a

country. The actions of the industry have huge implication to the success of

national socio-economic growth goal of given that infrastructure, sanctuary and

employment. It include hospitals, schools ,townships, offices, houses and other

building; town communications, highways, roads, ports, railways, airports; power

systems; irrigation and agriculture systems; telecommunications etc.

Globally, construction industry is regard as one of the major fragmented industry.

An estimation of annual global construction output is probably closer to U.S $ 4.5

trillion. The construction industry is also a prime source of employment generation

offering job opportunities to millions of unskilled, semi-skilled and capable labor

force. Worldwide picture of construction output and employment in developing and

developed countries can be seen in table -1 below.It can be seen from the table-1

that total construction output worldwide was estimated at just over $3,000billion.

Output is heavily concentrated (77 per cent) in the high income countries

(WesternEurope, North America, Japan and Australasia). The contribution of low

and center income country be only 23 % of total world construction output .

Qatar is a supreme ruler state with a populations of about 200,000 Qatari state

citizens and a total populace of about 1,700,000. Ten years ago lots of reader

would have been forgive for not meaningful much regarding the country, but today

it is enjoy high global visibility. Its quickly increasing importance has resulted from

a variety of factors: it is now the world’s major exporter of LNG; its sovereign

wealth finance, Qatar Investment Ability, has made several high profile overseas

investments.

Qatar may contain a little population, but it has vast tactics for infrastructure

growth in the next 10 years, funded by its hydrocarbon export. At the end of

March 2011, two vital documents be published by the Qatari administration: the

National Development Strategy 2011 – 2016, and the budget for 2011 to 2012.

Both are extremely useful.

Qatar witness increase in rentals before the economic recession with change in

ownership law allow foreigner to buy property in designated areas of Qatar. The

increase in rentals resulted in yield of about 12% in 2008. Though, the global

economic slowdown materially affected the residential construction market of

Qatar in 2010 and 2011, mostly due to a reduction in demand. The recession had

a profound effect on selling price and rental. This led to a decline in average rental

yield across Qatar as a fall in rental was more when compared to a fall in property

prices. Currently, gross rental yields in Qatar stands at around 10%39.

Business Activities

FIFA 2022 projects to help Qatar's non-hydrocarbon sector gro