GLOBAL CONSULTATION ON GENETICS AND NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES
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Transcript of GLOBAL CONSULTATION ON GENETICS AND NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES
GLOBAL CONSULTATIONGLOBAL CONSULTATIONONON
GENETICS AND GENETICS AND NEW BIOTECHNOLOGIESNEW BIOTECHNOLOGIES
““PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY”PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY”
TABITHA GNANAPRIYATABITHA GNANAPRIYA
Biotechnology in crop plantsBiotechnology in crop plants
Biotic stressBiotic stress-insect pest resistant-insect pest resistant
Bt cotton against boll wormBt cotton against boll worm-Disease resistant-Disease resistant
Grape vine against pierce’s diseaseGrape vine against pierce’s disease-Antiviral-Antiviral
papaya against papaya ringspot viruspapaya against papaya ringspot virus-Herbicide tolerance-Herbicide tolerance
Roundup ready soyabeanRoundup ready soyabean
Abiotic stressAbiotic stress
-Salt tolerance-Salt tolerance
Arabidopsis Arabidopsis AtNHX1AtNHX1- - Brassica Brassica napusnapus
-Drought tolerance-Drought tolerance
DREB genesDREB genes
-Acid tolerance-Acid tolerance
Wheat Wheat Almt1Almt1- barley- barley
Improved qualityImproved quality
Shelf lifeShelf life• Flavr-savr tomatoFlavr-savr tomato
VitaminVitamin• Golden riceGolden rice
polyunsaturated fatty acidspolyunsaturated fatty acids• Canola- laurate and myristateCanola- laurate and myristate
Essential mineralsEssential minerals• Soyabean Soyabean ferritinferritin- rice- rice
Plant based vaccinesPlant based vaccines• Banana against hepatits BBanana against hepatits B
Fungal biotechnologyFungal biotechnologyHost for expressing heterologous proteinsHost for expressing heterologous proteins
11-Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Saccharomyces cerevisiaeGRASGRASHuman interferonHuman interferonHuman epidermal growth factor Human epidermal growth factor Surface antigen of hepatitis B virusSurface antigen of hepatitis B virus
22-Pichia pastoris-Pichia pastorisTight and strong promoter AOX1 (30%)Tight and strong promoter AOX1 (30%)Hirudin (Hirudo medicinalis)Hirudin (Hirudo medicinalis)
33-Hansenula polymorpha-Hansenula polymorphaTightly regulated and strong promoter Tightly regulated and strong promoter MOX (37%)MOX (37%)
Expression depends on glucose concentrationExpression depends on glucose concentration
Production of commercial enzymesProduction of commercial enzymes Lipase- lipolase novo nordisk- humicola lanuginose Lipase- lipolase novo nordisk- humicola lanuginose
in aspergillus oryzaein aspergillus oryzae
Secondary metabolitesSecondary metabolites
• Immunosuppressive agent- cyclosporin A- tolypocladium Immunosuppressive agent- cyclosporin A- tolypocladium nivenumnivenum
• Hypocholesterolemic agents- lovastatin- monascus ruberHypocholesterolemic agents- lovastatin- monascus ruber• Antitumor agents- taxol- taxomyces andreanaeAntitumor agents- taxol- taxomyces andreanae• Mycotoxin- ergot- claviceps sppMycotoxin- ergot- claviceps spp
Future prospectsFuture prospects
Alternate host Alternate host Aspergillus sojaeAspergillus sojae Improve expression and secretion of Improve expression and secretion of
non-fungal proteinsnon-fungal proteins Molecular techniques to carry out Molecular techniques to carry out
metabolic engineering metabolic engineering Overall analysis of gene expressionOverall analysis of gene expression
BiopharmaceuticalsBiopharmaceuticals
speciesspecies useuse Production techniqueProduction technique
Aesculus glabraAesculus glabra Rheumatic pain and Rheumatic pain and antimalarialantimalarial
Embryos- callusEmbryos- callus
Dioscorea alataDioscorea alata NutritionNutrition CallusCallus
Drosera rotundiafoliaDrosera rotundiafolia Asthama, cough and Asthama, cough and lung infectionlung infection
plantletsplantlets
Lathyrus sativusLathyrus sativus neurotoxicneurotoxic plantplant
Lavendula intermidiaLavendula intermidia Cosmetic, flavoring Cosmetic, flavoring and pharmaceuticaland pharmaceutical
calluscallus
Levels of genetic manipulationLevels of genetic manipulation
Cloning of genesCloning of genes Plant regenerationPlant regeneration High-throughput screening systemHigh-throughput screening system Genomic tools and resources Genomic tools and resources Regulatory mechanismRegulatory mechanism
IPRIPR NovelNovel DistinctDistinct Uniform and stableUniform and stable UtilityUtility
UPOV 1961, 1978, 1991UPOV 1961, 1978, 1991 TRIPS 1994TRIPS 1994 ITPGRFA 2004ITPGRFA 2004
UPOV- 1961, 1978, 1991UPOV- 1961, 1978, 1991
Novel, distinct, uniform and stable Novel, distinct, uniform and stable but no innovative stepbut no innovative step
1978- profit for breeders1978- profit for breeders 1991- permission required1991- permission required
TRIPS-1994TRIPS-1994
Mandatory for WTO membersMandatory for WTO members Some form of IP protectionSome form of IP protection
PatentPatent Sui generisSui generis system system
African unionAfrican union
save, use, multiply but not to sellsave, use, multiply but not to sell
ITPGRFA- 2004ITPGRFA- 2004
Multilateral systemMultilateral system• Access and benefit sharingAccess and benefit sharing• Sharing of technologySharing of technology• Updated Farmers rightsUpdated Farmers rights
Encourage for protection of TKEncourage for protection of TK
Sharing benefitsSharing benefits
Decision makingDecision making
FutureFuture
Donating technologyDonating technology Public-private partnershipPublic-private partnership Cross licensingCross licensing acquisitionacquisition