GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

Objective:

Design a network (not collection) of observatory sites

• enabling high-priority science (science plan, PR report),• on global scale,• addressing needs of many disciplines,• based on RFA process,• realistic given budget constraints• recognizing the international setting

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

Combined sites from all 12 global RFA proposals

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

Science enabled:• air-sea fluxes: fluxes of heat, freshwater, momentum, dust, aerosols, etc in locations of large uncertainty or large relevance

• ocean circulation and biogeochemical cycles vertical and horizontal transports of physical and biogeochem. properties, climate impacts on processes and their forcing, carbon cycle, etc in critical locations

• ocean ecology observations of productivity, biological carbon pump, zooplankton and fish responses to forcing and environmental change

• earth structure and global geodynamics seismology, geomagnetism, electromagnetism, geodesy

• mid-ocean ridge processes multi-disciplinary processes resulting from seafloor tectonic and volcanic activity

• basin-scale acoustics global high-resolution navigation/float tracking/communication, sensing of ocean interior

• convergent margin processes study of subduction dynamics, earth quakes, tsunami generation, etc

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

Starting from the proposed sites, the draft CND design used thefollowing criteria for site selection/prioritization:

high value and benefit to many disciplines

building a NETWORK, not just collection of single sites

review process/results

contribution to acoustic network on basin-scale (either complete or to leverage additional acoustic sites)

avoid very remote locations since shiptime has to come from OOI

demonstrate capability and impact of infrastructure in as diverse settings as possible

deliver early results and impact for all disciplines

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

Science needs require 2 co-located moorings in most cases

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

This dictates:

- use of SPAR buoys only where really necessary for the science, max. TWO

- use of acoustic rather than EOM moorings where sufficient for most science needs: saves capital and O&M costs (ROV, shiptime and shipsize)

PLUS funding constraint: 30-45 Mio$ available INCLUDING shiptime

Approximate current best-estimate costs:acoustically linked discus buoy: 900k capital, 0.5-1M install, O&M 500-700/yrEOM discus buoy: 1.7M capital, 1.2M install, O&M 1.5M/yrspar buoy low/mid-lat: 3M capital, 4M install, O&M 2-2.5M/yrspar buoy hi-lat: 3.5M capital, 5M install, O&M 2M/yr

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

PHASING:

Start with small number of sites that can demonstrate early in theproject the capabilities being built, the technologies available, thevalue and impact, that can give guidance for future developments(i.e. gather experience), and not too remote.

No SPAR technology available so early in project.

5 sites with high multi-community interest: - mid to high latitude - acoustic and EOM moorings - both new locations and established timeseries and infrastructure - pure US and internationally shared sites - connecting other ORION components to global network

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

EOM

5 sites, total capital and install 11.5 Mio$

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

Over following years, phase in additional sites:

- only 1 intensive RIDGE type seafloor network with SPAR buoy can be afforded. RIDGE community needs to weigh options between Lucky Strike (Mid Atlantic Ridge), or 9N (East Pacific Rise)

- Arabian Sea assuming nearby ships can be used

- install a high-latitude SPAR at Southern Ocean Site off Chile (high-priority site for many communities) and move the acoustic discus mooring from there to western South Pacific

- complete Pacific Basin network and expand North Atlantic, taking into account European efforts there

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

EOM

SPAR

SPAR

SPAR

11 sites, total capital and install 40 Mio$

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

Completion of network:

- need to complete basin coverage

- need to complete addressing missing science needs

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

EOM

SPAR

SPAR

SPAR

EOM

EOMEOM

13-14 sites, total capital and install 45-48 Mio$

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

Core sensors and additional infrastructure:

Proposition is to allow 500k$ per site for instruments, gliders,AUVs, etc.

The community for each site should decide what core/additionalsensors/infrastructure would serve biggest need and have biggestimpact (immediate and sustained products...).

The presented budget totals include 500k$ per site for this.

GLOBAL Conceptual Network Design Process

EOM

SPAR

SPAR

SPAR

EOM

EOMEOM