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Global CC Challenge: National Initiatives for Building S&T Capacities Global CC Challenge: National Initiatives for Building S&T Capacities Akhilesh Gupta Adviser & Head Climate Change Programme Department of Science & Technology Ministry of Science & Technology Government of India Email: akhilesh.g@nic.in Slide 2 Global Climate Change: Key Messages from AR5 Slide 3 (IPCC 2013, Fig. SPM.1a) Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8 Observed Climate Trends in India Slide 9 All-India Temperature Time Series Source: India Meteorological Department, National Climate Centre, Pune Slide 10 INTER-ANNUAL MONSOON RAINFALL VARIABILITY 1899192019651987 Slide 11 Spatial patterns in Monsoon Rainfall Trends during past 100 years Inferences: Mixed Trend- somewhere increasing and somewhere decreasing Chattisgarh and Jharkhand showing marked decreasing trends Slide 12 Goswami et al., Science, Dec., 2006 Changes in the Frequency of Extreme Rainfall Low & Moderate events Heavy events (>10cm) V. Heavy events (>15cm) Slide 13 Number of Flash Flood Events in India (1980-2006) Increasing Trend in Flash Flood Events during past 25 years Slide 14 Total Number of Flood Events in India (1980-2006) Decreasing Trend in Total Flood Events during past 25 years Slide 15 Decreasing Frequency of Total Number of Cyclonic Storms over India during 1891-2006 Slide 16 Decreasing Frequency of Total Number of Cyclonic Disturbances over India during past 120 years (1891-2009) Slide 17 Increasing Frequency of Total Number of Low Pressure Areas over India during past 123 years (1888-2009) Slide 18 Trend in Sea Level Rise in India Slide 19 To meet global challenge of climate change, India needs to build strong S&T capacities - both human and institutional Slide 20 Strengths: 3000 Scientists 400 scientists with International recognition 450 Institutions teaching/doing Research 100 years of systematic Climate Data Weaknesses: Fragmented Research efforts Weak linkage between Science and Policy Limited linkage with the Society Absence of partnership with private sector Status of S&T Capacity in Climate Science in India Slide 21 Eight National Missions on Climate Change National Solar Mission National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency National Mission on Sustainable Habitat National Water Mission National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Eco-system National Mission for a Green India National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change Slide 22 Eight National Missions on Climate Change Of the total of eight missions under NAPCC, two were assigned to the Ministry of Science and Technology. They are - National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Eco-system Both call for such mission mode actions that build, strengthen and sustain national S&T capacities to sustain an ecosystem and self-learn for developing strategic knowledge. Slide 23 National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change Slide 24 Broad Objective of setting up of Strategic Knowledge System Addressing climate science with region specific modeling; Addressing climate science with region specific modeling; Developing new scientific knowledge in CC Adaptation and Mitigation; Developing new scientific knowledge in CC Adaptation and Mitigation; Institutional capacity building in Knowledge gap areas. Institutional capacity building in Knowledge gap areas. Human capacity building - focus on Young Scientists Human capacity building - focus on Young Scientists Selection, prioritization and development of new technologies for adaptation and mitigation; Selection, prioritization and development of new technologies for adaptation and mitigation; Leveraging international cooperation Leveraging international cooperation Slide 25 NMSKCC - Basic Approach Build a Knowledge platform and infrastructure A Super highway for Information and data sharing and exchange for climate change agenda setting Build excellence through collaborative synergies and activities Make viable investment into all existing knowledge capacities of partners and build new capacities for filling gaps Slide 26 NMSKCC 1.Knowledge Networks 2. Technical Reports 3.Global Technology Watch 4. Data Inputs to National Centres 5. Chair and R&D professionals 6. PPPS for Adaptation Mitigation 7. Thematic reports 8. Knowledge Portal 9. Decision Support Systems Major Deliverables of NMSKCC Slide 27 Preparatory Work Mapping national capacities through visible outputs in open literature Scientific data bases were employed to map and locate resource persons Soliciting enrolment into the National Mission and specific work programmes Adoption of inclusive models and bottom-up engagement approaches Designing new mechanisms and models for peer evaluation and assessment Co-development of project and programme themes as a new model Definition of the National Priorities and interconnecting national competencies and research resources Knowledge Networking as a central theme to connect disparate activities Slide 28 NMSKCC: Need for a Data Sharing and Access System A credible data sharing mechanism needed for building strategic knowledge on climate change A credible data sharing mechanism needed for building strategic knowledge on climate change Strategic knowledge system must be able to access and integrate data, information and assessments originating from a large number of inter-connected sources Strategic knowledge system must be able to access and integrate data, information and assessments originating from a large number of inter-connected sources Considerable knowledge resources available with various Government agencies and R&D institutions not presently made available for sharing even within Government Considerable knowledge resources available with various Government agencies and R&D institutions not presently made available for sharing even within Government DST initiated a National Data Sharing & Access Policy (NDSAP)- now approved by Government, will greatly help bridging this gap DST initiated a National Data Sharing & Access Policy (NDSAP)- now approved by Government, will greatly help bridging this gap Slide 29 SN National Data bases Data Sources/Agency 1 Ocean (SST, salinity, Sea level rise) MoES 2 Cryosphere (Snow Cover, Glacial data) NRSA, GSI, DRDO, DST 3 Meteorology (Precipitation, Humidity, temperature, Evaporation) IMD/ MoES 4 Land Surface (Topography, Erosion, vegetation) SOI, NRSA 5 Hydrological (Ground/river water, Water quality) CWC, State Departments 6 Agriculture (Soil profile, Area under cultivation, Production and Yield) Ministry of Agriculture 7 Socio-Economic (Demography, Economic status) Census of India 8 Forests Forest resources, Plant and animal, Species distribution FSI, ZSI, BSI, ISRO 9 Health related Ministry of Health Slide 30 Possible Servicing roles of NMSKCC to NAPCC Sustainable Habitat Himalayan Ecosystem Green India Sustainable Agriculture Water Mission Enhanced Energy Solar Mission NMSKCC Services R&D inputs Technology inputs Convergent solutions Adaptation knowledge Mitigation Knowledge Glaciology capacity Mitigation knowledge NMSKCC Objectives NMSKCC Services Slide 31 Human and Institutional Capacities in the Thrust areas of Climate Change Research Support under following broad categories of programmes which must be built around an existing lead institution/ organization/ agency working in the country- Support under following broad categories of programmes which must be built around an existing lead institution/ organization/ agency working in the country- a.Creation of NEW CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE on Climate Change (in network or full-fledged mode) b.STRENGTHENING OF EXISTING INSTITUTIONS through major R&D projects in specific area of climate change c.Major HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING PROGRAMME in climate change Slide 32 Major R&D Projects Launched 1 NIO (Sea Level Rise) 7 BSIP (Quaternary CC for Glaciers) 2 NBRI (Forest Ecosystem) 8 IRMA, Anand (Sustainable Livelihoods) 3 DU (CC Adaptation and Resource Management) 9 TNAU, Coimbatore (CC Adaptation in Agri.) 4 IARI (CC and Agriculture) 10 IIT Delhi (Storm Surges and Sea level Rise) 5 NIO (Ocean acidification) 11IRADE (Adaptation in Himachal Pradesh) 6 IIT, Delhi (Regional Climate Modeling) 12 University of Allahabad (Extreme Rainfall Studies) Slide 33 Centres of Excellence Launched 1 IIT, Bombay A Centre of Excellence on Climate Change (Climate Change Studies Centre) 2 ICRISAT, Hyderabad Centre of Excellence on CC Research for Plant Protection Slide 34 Existing Centres of Excellence Supported 1 IIT, Chennai Indo-German Centre for Sustainability 2 IISc, Bangalore Divecha Centre for Climate Change Slide 35 National CC Networks Launched National Network on Climate Change Impact on Human Health National Network on Climate Change Impact on Human Health National Network on Climate Modelling National Network on Climate Modelling Slide 36 Upcoming National Networks Climate Change and Coastal Vulnerability Climate Change and Coastal Vulnerability Weather and Climate Extremes Weather and Climate Extremes CC Impact on Agriculture CC Impact on Agriculture Slide 37 Global Technology Watch Groups To keep pace with the state-of-the-art technologies emerging globally in the key sectors of economy, the NMSKCC proposes to set up Global Technology Watch Groups (GTWGs) to help accomplish the task of technology Selection, Prioritization and Ranking in some key Strategic areas 2 GTWGs have been set up- one each on Clean Coal Technology and Solar and other Renewable Energy 2 GTWGs have been set up- one each on Clean Coal Technology and Solar and other Renewable Energy Slide 38 Global Technology Watch Groups Areas selected include those related to other 7 national missions Solar including other renewable energy Solar including other renewable energy Enhanced energy efficiency Enhanced energy efficiency Sustainable habitat Sustainable habitat Water Water Sustenance of Himalayan ecosystem Sustenance of Himalayan ecosystem Green India Green India Sustainable Agriculture Sustainable Agriculture Clean coal Clean coal Manufacturing Manufacturing Slide 39 PPPs for Adaptation and Mitigation related Technologies PPP planned in 5 key sectors- Energy, Agriculture, Water, Environment and Health PPP planned in 5 key sectors- Energy, Agriculture, Water, Environment and Health Focus of the PPP would be Focus of the PPP would be Joint scoping studies Joint research in thematic areas Setting priorities and emission reduction systems Slide 40 Proposed New Programmes Professor Chairs 50 in relevant areas of CC science, adaptation and Mitigation Professor Chairs 50 in relevant areas of CC science, adaptation and Mitigation Institutional Capacity Building Institutional Capacity Building New Institutions/Centres of Excellence/ Strengthening of Existing ones Human Capacity Building Human Capacity Building Young Scientist programmes Fellowship Programme- post-doctoral/doctoral Training Programmes- Climate Schools State CC Centres in all States State CC Centres in all States Vulnerability & Risk assessment, Capacity Building, Public Awareness Support to Civil Society Organizations Support to Civil Society Organizations International Cooperation International Cooperation Bi-lateral: Switzerland, UK, USA, Norway, Australia Multi-lateral: SAARC, BIMSTEC, ASEAN, etc Slide 41 finally National Efforts are being made to create a strong Strategic Knowledge base by strengthening and building S&T Capacity in the country. National Efforts are being made to create a strong Strategic Knowledge base by strengthening and building S&T Capacity in the country. Special focus is given to the key Gap Areas in Research and Innovation in CC Special focus is given to the key Gap Areas in Research and Innovation in CC Partnership with key Public and Private Players Partnership with key Public and Private Players Regional and International Cooperation is being developed in the key areas of Research in Climate Change Regional and International Cooperation is being developed in the key areas of Research in Climate Change Slide 42 Thank You