Global Agriculture2:00- Understand global agriculture.

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Objective:

• 2.02- Compare the current and future issues in global agriculture.

• Essential Questions:• How will population growth affect the agriculture

industry over the next 50 years?• What trends are happening in agriculture today?• What issues does the agriculture industry face today?• How will the agriculture industry solve these issues

moving forward? 2

Food for Thought

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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7A4oAyKOGHg

Think-Pair-Share• Write the essential questions for class today.• How will population growth affect the agriculture industry over

the next 50 years?• What trends are happening in agriculture today?• What issues does the agriculture industry face today?• What are some possible solutions?

• Think of answers to these questions and share them with your partner.

• You and your partner should then decide what answers to share with the class.

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Issues

1. Food Insecurity2. Sustainability3. Organic Food Production4. GMO’s5. Local Foods Movement6. Community Supported Agriculture7. Water (quality and quantity)

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Examples of current/future agriculture related issues• Food Insecurity • Global importance• Defined as not knowing where a human will find their next meal

• the situation where people need to live with hunger and fear starvation

• Food insecurity results from several factors• Climate issues• Urban development• Corrupt governments• Population growth• Oil price shifts

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Examples of current/future agriculture related issues• Sustainability• We must meet the needs of the present without compromising

the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

• Organic Food Production • Crops are raised without using most conventional pesticides,

petroleum-based fertilizers, or sewage sludge-based fertilizers• Animals must be fed organic feed and be given access to the

outdoors• Antibiotics and growth hormones may not be used in organic

production• Accounts for more than 3% of all U.S. food sales

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Examples of current/future agriculture related issues• GMO’s• Genetically modified organisms• Combing genes from different organisms results in an organism

being called genetically modified or transgenic• Controversies surrounding this practice include safety, ethics,

labeling and others• European countries will not purchase GMO foods from the US

• Fewer exports

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Examples of current/future agriculture related issues• Local Food Movement • Can be defined in terms of geographic proximity of producer to

consumer.• Is a very popular concept in regards to food safety, food

freshness, and reduction of environmental impact due to shorter shipping distances

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Examples of current/future agriculture related issues• CSA’s (Community Supported Agriculture) • Direct-to-consumer programs

• Buy shares of a farms projected harvest• Pay for their share of the harvest up front• Distributes risk between the farmer and the consumers

• Pick up their share regularly in a communal location or the shares are delivered directly

• USDA estimates as many as 2500 CSA’s are operating nationally

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Examples of current/future agriculture related issues• Water (quantity and quality)• US water shortages are a major issue in the west• Southeastern US, including North Carolina, Water Wars have

become common place• In Third World countries a safe water supply is a luxury

• Most areas of the world, supplies of safe water have become generally insufficient

• misuse, poor management, waste, pollution and climate change are the most common causes

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Agriculture related Government Agencies• Established to assist farmers, ranchers and the general

public • Information• Professional Assistance• Funding

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Examples of Government Agencies:

• (USDA) United States Department of Agriculture• 1862• Examples of branches/agencies of USDA:

• NRCS (1935) - Natural Resource Conservation Service• APHIS (1972) – Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service• NASS (1863) – National Agricultural Statistics Service• USFS (1905) –United States Forest Service

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Examples of Government Agencies:

• North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service • 1914• To put research –based knowledge to work for

agriculture. • Administers the 4-H program.

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Examples of Government Agencies:

• North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCDA&CS) • Services that promote and improve agriculture.

• Marketing• Farmer’s Markets• Got to be NC Program

• Research Stations• NC State Fair

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Origins of Major Food Crops:

1. Fruits and Vegetables• Peaches - China• Tomato – South America• Peanut – Peru, South America• Sweet Potato – Central America

2. Grain, Oil and Fiber Crops• Corn – Cuba, Mexico• Soybeans – Southeast Asia • Cotton – Mexico, Africa, Pakistan• Wheat – Southwest Asia (Syria,

Jordan, Turkey, India 16

Major US Agricultural Production Regions• Regions develop based on a variety of factors:• Soils• Weather• Market development• Feed availability

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Major US Agricultural Production Regions• Citrus fruit • Florida• Texas• California

• Corn belt• Includes all or parts of these Midwestern states:• Ohio• Indiana • Illinois • Iowa• Minnesota• South Dakota• Missouri • Kansas and Nebraska.

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Major US Agricultural Production Regions• Wheat • Hard Red Spring Wheat – (highest protein content, excellent

bread wheat, superior milling and baking characteristics)• Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Montana, Idaho, (also Oregon,

Washington, California)• Soft Red Winter Wheat – (high yielding, low protein, used for

cakes, biscuits, pastries)• Southeastern states including North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky,

Georgia and others, as well as Midwestern states including Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri.

• Spearmint • Washington, Oregon, Idaho

• Floriculture crops• California, Florida, Michigan, Texas, North Carolina

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Major US Agricultural Production Regions• Beef cattle• Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa,

Colorado, Oklahoma, Missouri, South Dakota (corn belt area)

• Dairy• Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan,

Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Maine,

• California, Idaho and Texas are leading producers but are not located in this region

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Major US Agricultural Production Regions• Hogs • North Carolina • Iowa• Illinois• Indiana • Minnesota• Corn belt area

• Poultry (Broilers)• Southern and

southeastern states• North Carolina,• Georgia• Alabama• Arkansas• Mississippi• Texas

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NC Agriculture• NC is divided into three basic geographic and agricultural

regions• Mountains• Piedmont• Coastal plains

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NC Agriculture• Mountain Region• Christmas trees • Apples • Trout

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NC Agriculture

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• Piedmont Region• Greenhouse and Nursery Crops • Broilers • Turkeys • Dairy

NC Agriculture• Eastern Region• Hogs • Turkeys • Broilers • Flue-cured Tobacco• Sweet Potatoes • Vegetables • Peanuts • Cotton• Corn • Soybeans

• World’s most important source of vegetable oil.

NC Agriculture

• Statewide exceeds $10,000,000,000 ($10B) annually• Livestock, Dairy and Poultry• Approximately 2/3 of all farm cash receipts• Broilers and hogs account for nearly half of this amount

• Crops• Approximately 1/3 of all farm cash receipts• Greenhouse• Nursery• Floriculture• Christmas trees

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