Global: 4/3/2014

• I/O: To examine and discuss the key events that mark the start of the Cold War

• Key Question: How did the end of WWII, and the territorial changes contribute to the start of the Cold War?

• Key Words: Cold War; Containment; Truman Doctrine; Marshall Plan; Berlin Airlift

• CCS: 2;5

• Homework: Hand in Essay #1: Last Days

• Study for quiz on Friday: key events in WWII – Put them in order and discuss. Quiz topics that you will put in chronological order:

• ***Regents Review After school

Quiz Topics: On 4/4/2014

• Invasion of Poland

• “VE” Day

• Bombing of Japan

• Surrender of France

• Battle of Stalingrad

• “VJ” Day

• Battle of the Bulge

• Battle of Britain

• D-Day

• You will place them in chronological order and write a brief sentence explaining why they were important.

• I will also ask a short answer question on the Cold War

The Cold War: What is it?

The Cold War 1945-The Cold War 1945-1991: Beginnings1991: Beginnings

NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Two sides of Cold War

• NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• USA, France, Great Britain, West Germany

• CAPITALISMCAPITALISM

• Warsaw Pact – pro Soviet countries – USSR, and all countries controlled by the USSR.

• COMMUNISM

Cold War

• The Cold War was a time after WWII when the USA and the Soviet Union were rivals for world influence.

• The end of the Nazi Regime means there is a power vacuum in Europe.– Who will fill it???

• Stalin wants to keep what he has won.• We don’t want him to expand any further• Two key meetings held before WWII is ended

YALTA (in the USSR)YALTA (in the USSR)Date: Feb 1945Date: Feb 1945

Present: Churchill, Present: Churchill, Roosevelt and StalinRoosevelt and Stalin

What is agreed on?

• Stalin can keep what he has conquered.

• He agrees to “free elections” for areas he now controls.

• He agrees to assist us against Japan, after the war in Europe is over.

• All parties agree that Nazi Leaders must be put on trial.

POTSDAM (Germany)POTSDAM (Germany)Date: July 1945Date: July 1945

Present: Churchill, Present: Churchill, Truman and StalinTruman and Stalin

Key points about Potsdam: July of 1945

• Roosevelt died three months earlier. (April 12, ‘45) Truman is not the US president.

• Churchill of Great Britain will be voted out of office while the meeting is taking place. He will be replaced by a newcomer, Clement Atlee

• Stalin is in a very strong position, but he doesn’t know we (the US) have the Atomic Bomb!!!– What is agreed on?

Key points about Potsdam: July of 1945

• Germany will be divided into “occupation zones”• Berlin, even though it is in the Russian Zone, will

also be divided• The Soviets get more control of Poland and East

Germany• A trial for Nazi Criminals will be held in Germany• A week after the meeting, we bomb the Japanese.• Stalin now knows want we have!!!

The Cold War

Iron CurtainIron Curtain – – A term used by A term used by Winston Winston

Churchill Churchill to describe the to describe the separating of separating of Those Those

communistcommunistlands of East lands of East Europe from Europe from

the the West. West.

Improve your knowledge

• The Russians took very high casualties to capture Berlin in May 1945. They spent the early occupation trying to take over all zones of the city but were stopped by German democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to admit the Americans, French and British to their respective zones.

Berlin Wall

• Berlin is Germany’s capital city.

• The Soviets will build the wall in 1961 to keep communists from escaping to the American sector.

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

Wall torn down in 1989.

Improve your knowledge

• The nuclear bomb gave America a lead which was expected to last at least 5 years. The rapid Russian development of nuclear technology, helped by the work of the “atom spies” was a shock.

Significantly, Russia hurriedly declared war against Japan at the beginning of August 1945 and rushed to advance into Asia to stake out a position for the post-war settlement. This helped make both the Korean and Vietnamese conflicts more likely.

The Marshall Plan

• We begin to rebuild Western Europe• We did not want poverty and social unrest to

lead people to seek communism as relief• We also understand that a strong Western

Europe will help to contain Stalin and the USSR

• BY assisting countries like Britain and France, we knew they would also be allies!!!

Berlin blockade led to Berlin Airlift

Truman DoctrineThe Truman Doctrine in

March 1947 promised that the USA “would support free peoples who are resisting” communism.

This led to containment – policy of containing communism where it is.

Domino Theory

Communism spreads like a disease

Formation of the United Nations

• International Organization where countries try to find peaceful solutions

United Nations

• It has no army but uses troops from other countries.

Marshall Plan – helped countries economically so they won’t go

red.