GLG110 Geologic Disasters and the Environment
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Transcript of GLG110 Geologic Disasters and the Environment
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GLG110 Geologic Disasters and the EnvironmentGLG110 Geologic Disasters and the Environment
InstructorsProfessor Ramon Arrowsmith Professor Amanda Clarke
Email: [email protected] [email protected]
Office: PSF-640 480-965-5081 PSF-636 480-965-6590
March 11, 2011 Tohoku, Japan M9.0 Earthquake March 11, 2011 Tohoku, Japan M9.0 Earthquake
http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v1/n11/fig_tab/ngeo341_F1.html
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Magnitude 9.0 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPANMagnitude 9.0 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPANFriday, March 11, 2011 at 05:46:23 UTC Friday, March 11, 2011 at 05:46:23 UTC
Japan was struck by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake off its northeastern coast Friday March 11, 2011. This is one of the largest earthquakes that Japan has ever experienced.
. USGS
Part of houses swallowed by
tsunami burn in Sendai, Miyagi
Prefecture (state) after Japan was
struck by a strong earthquake off its
northeastern coast Friday, March 11,
2011.
New York Times
In downtown Tokyo, large buildings shook violently and there is severe flooding due to a tsunami generated by the earthquake.
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Tsunami waves swept away houses and cars in northern Japan and pushed ships aground.
The tsunami waves traveled far inland, the wave of debris racing across the farmland, carrying boats and houses with it.
Houses were washed away by tsunami in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture in eastern Japan, after Japan was struck by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake off the northeastern coast.
New York Times
Magnitude 9.0 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPANMagnitude 9.0 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPANFriday, March 11, 2011 at 05:46:23 UTC Friday, March 11, 2011 at 05:46:23 UTC
The tsunami, seen crashing into homes in Natori, Miyagi prefecture. AP
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Simple model for subduction earthquakes and tsunamis
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVaDXsqLUtI
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Seismicity animation:http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/Japan2011EQ/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jSHDa-7-cQ
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Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Aftershock (and Foreshock) Sequence, 03/08/11 - 03/16/11
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Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Aftershock (and Foreshock) Sequence, M:Time History
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Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Finite Fault Model USGS V1 - 7 hrs after OT
Compact rupture, mostly bilateral about epicenter, peak slip up dip of hypocenter.
Rupture was likely restricted to the shallow trench, and GPS vectors suggest slip did not reach the plate boundary beneath the coastline.
Peak slips closer to 40+ m, inferred from updated modeling.
Box is 580 km long and 190 km wideZone of main slip is 300 km long and ~150 wide
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Evolving displacement field
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1QCcVqZgNKw
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http://all-geo.org/highlyallochthonous/2011/03/magnitude-8-9-or-9-0-or-9-1-earthquake-off-the-coast-of-japan/
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http://all-geo.org/highlyallochthonous/2011/03/magnitude-8-9-or-9-0-or-9-1-earthquake-off-the-coast-of-japan/
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http://www.eqh.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~mori/Sendai/sendai.htm
Rupture animation
http://www.iris.edu/spud/gmv/4841
Wavefield in US
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March 21, 2011 estimates:18,000 deaths$235B to rebuild
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Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Shaking Duration in Tokyo, Ground Acceleration
1g = 9.8e+002 gal
+/-17%g
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6 minutes
Tohoku, Japan Earthquake: Shaking Duration in Tokyo, Ground Velocity
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Videos from Tokyo and nearby
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQVPfQu50yY
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dN4NBK1veb0
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64PEo29hBGY
http://tremblingearth.wordpress.com/2011/03/13/more-unique-perspectives-of-the-8-9-quake/
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http://all-geo.org/highlyallochthonous/2011/03/magnitude-8-9-or-9-0-or-9-1-earthquake-off-the-coast-of-japan/
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Tsunami
• http://www.youtube.com/user/NOAAPMEL?feature=mhum#p/c/3/PBZGH3yieLc -- Propagation
• http://www.abc.net.au/news/events/japan-quake-2011/beforeafter.htm damage sliders
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Tsunami videos
• http://www.youtube.com/user/citizentube#grid/user/0870831CE43351E1
• http://www.youtube.com/citizentube?feature=ticker#p/c/0870831CE43351E1/2/-DSSssHxm4Y
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M535NGr9vbo
• http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/world/2011/03/11/sot.tsunami.hit.japan.cnn?hpt=T1
http://tremblingearth.wordpress.com/2011/03/15/footage-of-the-march-11-tsunami-around-the-pacific/
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http://www.jma.go.jp/en/tsunami/observation_04_20110313180559.html
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Maui tsunami effects
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRZvK7FG020&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
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A History Of Large Earthquakes
Data: USGS PAGERCAT 1900-2008, USGS-NEIC & gCMT 2008-present
Figure courtesy of Charles Ammon, after Ammon et al., SRL, 2010
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Japan
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http://www.iris.edu/hq/files/programs/education_and_outreach/retm/tm_110311_japan/PNW_vs_Japan.swf
Cascadia and Japan
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5a1xXJPdrs
Orphan Tsunami