Glass Ionomers PPT
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Transcript of Glass Ionomers PPT
GLASS IONOMERSGLASS IONOMERSin Restorative Dentistryin Restorative Dentistry
The many faces of glass ionomers
• GI -- what are they ?• GI categories ?• GI setting reactions ?• GI release of F and recharging ?• GI applications ?
19701970 19801980 2000200019901990
Dental AmalgamDental Amalgam
Dental CompositeDental Composite
Glass IonomerGlass Ionomer
First GIC in 1972First GIC in 1972Dentsply A.S.P.A.Dentsply A.S.P.A.
A.S. = A.S. = AAluminoluminossilicate glassilicate glassP.A. = P.A. = PPolyacrylic olyacrylic aacid in watercid in water
DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTTimeline for “direct restorative materials” usageTimeline for “direct restorative materials” usage
Glass IonomerGlass Ionomer:: “glass” refers to the glassy ceramic particles and the “glass” refers to the glassy ceramic particles and the glassy matrix (non-crystalline) of the set material, while “ionomer” glassy matrix (non-crystalline) of the set material, while “ionomer” refers to ion-crosslinked polymer.refers to ion-crosslinked polymer.
Polyalkenoic or PolyalkenoatePolyalkenoic or Polyalkenoate: : refers to polymer chain which refers to polymer chain which incorporates alkenoic monomers such as acrylic acid, tartaric acid, incorporates alkenoic monomers such as acrylic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, etc.maleic acid, etc.
F-ReleaseF-Release:: refers to release of fluoride ions but there is no implication refers to release of fluoride ions but there is no implication as to the source of the ions -- and there are many possibilities. The as to the source of the ions -- and there are many possibilities. The confusion for current systems is, if “F” does not come from the confusion for current systems is, if “F” does not come from the traditional GI matrix, then some people say that the system is not a traditional GI matrix, then some people say that the system is not a “true” GI (but the point is irrelevant).“true” GI (but the point is irrelevant).
Multiple-CureMultiple-Cure:: refers to multiple curing mechanisms possible with refers to multiple curing mechanisms possible with resin-modified systems -- the terminology was first introduced in 1992 resin-modified systems -- the terminology was first introduced in 1992 by 3M for their Vitremer product because it underwent the (1) by 3M for their Vitremer product because it underwent the (1) traditional GI chemical setting reactions, (2) a self-cured traditional GI chemical setting reactions, (2) a self-cured polymerization reaction, and a (3) light-cured polymerization reaction.polymerization reaction, and a (3) light-cured polymerization reaction.
TERMINOLOGYTERMINOLOGYDon’t be confused by some of the strange language.Don’t be confused by some of the strange language.
Si, Na,F, Ca,
Al
H2O,H3PO4,Al, Zn
+Ca+2Al+3F-
Si+4
H+
Glass particleEtched periphery
Ca, Al, Na, ZnPhosphates andFluorides
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
Silicate CementSilicate Cement
ZnO H2O PAA
ZnO + COOH
HOOC
COOHHOOC -OOC
COO-
-OOC
COO-Zn++
Zn++COO-
-OOC
COO--OOC
ResidualZnO
Zinc polyacrylate gel
Polycarboxylate CementPolycarboxylate Cement
GLASS IONOMERSGLASS IONOMERSHYBRID = HYBRID = SC [Powder]SC [Powder] and and PCC [Liquid]PCC [Liquid] = A.S.P.A. = A.S.P.A.
SiO2,Al2O3,Na, Ca, F
PAAin
H2O
SiO2,Al2O3,Na, Ca, F
Residual Glass Particle
POLYACRYLATE HYDROGEL(initially Ca polyacrylate geland later Al polyacrylate gel)
Si+4, Al+3, Ca+2, Na+, F- Ions
SiO2,Al2O3,Na, Ca, F
Si+4
Al+3
Na+
Ca+2 F-
PAA
H2O
GLASS IONOMERSGLASS IONOMERSHYBRID = HYBRID = SC [Powder]SC [Powder] and and PCC [Liquid]PCC [Liquid] = A.S.P.A. = A.S.P.A.
COOCOO¯̄
COOCOO¯̄
¯OOC¯OOC
COOCOO¯̄
COOCOO¯̄
COOCOO¯̄
COOCOO¯̄
¯OOC¯OOC
¯OOC¯OOC
¯OOC¯OOC
¯OOC¯OOC
Al+3Al+3
--O-Si+4(OH)--O-Si+4(OH)22
Ca++Ca++
Ca+Ca+
Ca+Ca+¯OOC¯OOC
¯OOC¯OOC
COOCOO¯̄¯OOC¯OOC
COOCOO¯̄
F-Al-SiOF-Al-SiO22
CaFCaF22
H-O-HH-O-H
H-O-HH-O-H
H-O-HH-O-H
H-O-HH-O-H
H-O-HH-O-H
CaCa+2+2 AlAl+3+3
SiSi+4+4FF--
GI SETTING REACTIONSGI SETTING REACTIONS
UniversalUniversalCEMENTSCEMENTS
GIGI
COMPOSITECOMPOSITE
HYDROGELHYDROGEL
Hydrophobic POLYMERHydrophobic POLYMER
RM-GIRM-GI GI and VLC Hydrophilic monomer and polymer
CEMENTSCEMENTS
MM-GIMM-GI GI and Metallic fillers Cermet fillers
CORESCORES
COMPOMERCOMPOMER VLC Composite and F source
FILLING MATERIALSFILLING MATERIALS
RR-GIRR-GI
GI and Resin-Fillers
A.R.T. andA.R.T. andTEMPORARIESTEMPORARIES
GIOMERGIOMER VLC Composite and Pre-reacted GIC powder
FILLING MATERIALSFILLING MATERIALS
CEMENTSCEMENTS
FILLING MATERIALSFILLING MATERIALS
FLUORO-ALUMINO-SILICATEFLUORO-ALUMINO-SILICATE
PARTICLEPARTICLECEMENTCEMENTMATRIXMATRIX
F-1, Ca+2, Al+3, Si+4
Initialdissolution
for startingreaction
rapid earlyF release
from matrixSlow long term
F releaseby diffusionfrom particle
FLUORIDE RELEASEFLUORIDE RELEASEFluoride comes from matrix and particles at different rates.Fluoride comes from matrix and particles at different rates.
EFFECTIVE LEVELSEFFECTIVE LEVELS
2020
1010
1515
55
1414 2121 28287700
TIME (Days)TIME (Days)
FL
UO
RID
E R
EL
EA
SE
(p
pm
)F
LU
OR
IDE
RE
LE
AS
E (
pp
m)
Fluoride Toothpaste,Fluoride Toothpaste,Topical Fluoride,Topical Fluoride,Fluoride MouthrinseFluoride Mouthrinse
PARTICLESPARTICLES
MA
TR
IXM
AT
RIX
Mjor IA.Mjor IA. Glass ionomer cement restorations and secondary caries: a Glass ionomer cement restorations and secondary caries: a preliminary report.preliminary report. Quintessence Int Quintessence Int 1996;1996;27(3):171-174.
Glass IonomerGlass Ionomer
CompositeComposite
AmalgamAmalgam
Replacement rate (%) for secondary cariesReplacement rate (%) for secondary caries
0 20 40 60 80 100
CARIOSTATIC EFFECTSCARIOSTATIC EFFECTSGI is not more effective than composite or amalgam.GI is not more effective than composite or amalgam.
1.1. CementCement2.2. Liner / BaseLiner / Base3.3. RestorationRestoration4.4. Core / FoundationCore / Foundation5.5. (Tunnel Restoration)(Tunnel Restoration)6.6. (Sandwich Restoration)(Sandwich Restoration)7.7. Retrograde Filling MaterialRetrograde Filling Material8.8. P/F SealantP/F Sealant9.9. Root Caries Cervical RestorationRoot Caries Cervical Restoration10.10. Temporary, or ART RestorationTemporary, or ART Restoration
Technical modifications:> P/L Precapsulated> Addition of etching and then BA> Addition of different reinforcing fillers> Finer and finer particle sizes
General Properties:> Strength> Adhesion> Biocompatibility> Fluoride release
APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONSGI have been tried for about every conceivable application.GI have been tried for about every conceivable application.
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTSCOMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
Hytac
Vitremer
Ketac-Cem Dyract Flow
Fuji Miracle Mix
SOME PRODUCTSSOME PRODUCTS
Fuji IX
Now being used as permanent restoration in pedodontics.
Developed as temporary restorations for 3rd world countries.First tested in African countries.Now used widely in Asian countries.
Current technique = P/L or precapsulated mixture.Original technique = scoop, finger mix, finger insertion.
A.R.T. RESTORATIONSA.R.T. RESTORATIONSART = Atraumatic Restorative TechniqueART = Atraumatic Restorative Technique
““WHO” Global A.R.T. ProjectWHO” Global A.R.T. ProjectAtraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) = prevention and treatment of dental cariesbased on excavating and removing caries using hand instruments only and restoring glass ionomer.
Fuji IX GPFuji IX GP
Minimal equipment and instrumentation
TEMPORARY RESTORATIONSTEMPORARY RESTORATIONSFuji IX Dominates the LandscapeFuji IX Dominates the Landscape