glass

* GLASS IS A NON – CRYSTALLINE AMORPHOUS SOLID THAT IS OFTEN TRANSPARENT AND HAS WIDESPREAD PRACTICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, AND DECORATIVE USAGE IN, FOR EXAMPLE , WINDOW PANES, TABLEWARE, & OPTOELECTRONICS.

* IT IS A HARD, BRITTLE SUBSTANCE, MADE BY FUSING SAND WITH SODA AND LIME &COOLING RAPIDLY.

What is glass ?

IT ABSORBS , REFLECTS AND TRANSMITS LIGHT.IT IS EXTREMELY BRITTLE.IT DOES NOT GET AFFECTED BY AIR AND WATER.IT GETS AFFECTED BY VAPOURS.IT IS NOT EASILY AFFECTED BY CHEMICALS.IT HAS A HIGH MELTING POINT.IT MAY BE TRANSPARENT , TRANSLUCENT OR OPAQUE.

Properties of glass

TYPES OF GLASS

1. BULLET PROOF GLASS

BULLETPROOF GLASS IS A TYPE OF STRONG BUT OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT MATERIAL THAT IS PARTICULARLY RESISTANT TO BEING PENETRATED WHEN STRUCK . LIKE ANY MATERIAL , HOWEVER, IT IS NOT COMPLETELY IMPENETRABLE . IT IS USUALLY MADE FROM A COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE TYPES OF GLASS, ONE HARD & ONE SOFT. THE SOFTER LAYER MEKES THE GLASS MORE ELASTIC, SO IT CAN FLEX INSTEAD OF SHATTER.

THE THICKNESS OF BULLETPROOF GLASS VARIES FROM ¾” TO 31/2” (15mm TO 75mm).

BULLETPROOF GLASS IS USED IN WINDOWS OF BUILDINGS THAT REQUIRE SEQUIRTY , SUCH AS JEWERALLY STORES AND EMBASSIES , AS WELL AS MILITARY AND PRIVATE VEHICLES.

IT IS CONSTRUCTED USING LAYERS OFLAMINATED GLASS. THE MORE LAYERS THE HIGHER THE PROTECTION .

THE PPROPERTIES OF BULLET – REISTANT GLASS CAN BEAFFECTED BY TEMPRATURE AND BY EXPOSURE TO SOLVENTS OF UV RADIATION, USUALLY FROM SUNLIGHT.

PRIC 2500 TO 10000 PR SQ. FT.

2. INSULATING GLASS

IT PROVIDE HIGH RESISTANT TO HEAT FLOW.

IT IS COMPOSED OF TWO OR MORE PLATES OF GLASS , SEPARATED BY 6-13 MM DEHYDRATED CAPTIVE AIR .

THE EDGES OF THIS TYPE OF GLASS ARE KEPT SEALED. THE SEALED AIR PRODUCES TRANSMISSION OF HEAT & THUS PROVIDES INSULATING EFFECT.

PRICE 300 + PER PEICE

3. GLASS BLOCKS

GLASS BLOCKS ARE HOLLOW TRANSPARENT UNITS.

THEY ARE AVALAIBLE AS SQUARES WITH DIMENSIONS FROM 150mm , 250mm & 300MMWITH THE APPRX THICKNESS OF 100mm.

THESE BLOCKS HAVE HIGH INSULATION VALUES AGAINST HEAT , COLD AND SOUND.

THESE ARE EASY TO CLEAN & CAN BE WELL MAINTAINED.

PRICE 200+ PER PIECE .

4. WIRED GLASS

WIRE MESH IS PUT IN THE GLASS WHILE ROLLING DURING MANUFACTURING OF THE GLASS .

IT IS USED AS FIRE RESISTANT DOORS , ALSO IN WINDOWS.

THE WIRE MESH HELPS TO KEEP THE PORES OF GLASS INTACT STUCK TO THE MESH.

PRICE 120+ PER SQ. FT.

5. LAMINATED GLASS

TWO OR MORE SHEETS OF GLASS CAN BE ATTACHED WITH PLASTIC SHEET OR A TYPICAL TYPE OF FLIM SHEET BETWEEN THEM .

IT ENSURES SAFTEY AT THE PLACES WHERE GLASS IS LIABLE TO SHATTER INTO PIECES.

A TYPICAL LAMINATED MAKEUP IS 2.5MM GLASS, 0.38MM GLASS AND 2.5MM GLASS.

THIS GIVES A FINAL PRODUCT THAT WOULD BE REFFERED TO AS 5.38MM LAMINATED GLASS.

PRICE 80+ PER PIECE

6. FIBER GLASS

IT IS COMPOUND OF MINUTE GLASS THREADS OR RODS & EACH OF WHICH RESEMBLES THE PARENT MATERIAL IN ALL RESPECTS .

IT SOFT & FLEXIBLE IN NATURE.IT DOES NOT ABSORBS WATER . HENCE ,

MAKING IT WATER & ACID PROOF.PRICE 110+ PER SQ. FEET

7. OPTICAL GLASS

OPTICAL GLASS IS FOUND IN SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS SUCH AS MICROSCOPES , FIGHTER AIRCRAFTS & MOST COMMANLY IN SPECTCALS.

THE MOST IMPORTANT PROPERTY OF THIS GLASS IS ITS REFLECTIVE INDEX.

THE REFLECTIVE INDEX IS MEASURED AS HOW MUCH THE GLASS BENDS THE LIGHT.

8. FLOAT/PLATE GLASS

• IN THE PROCESS OF MAKING OF FLOAT GLASS COMING OF THE FURNACE IS ALLOWED TO FLOAT IN THE MOLTRN TIN. THE GLASS THUS FORMED IS KNOWN AS FLOAT GLASS.

• IT CONSUMES 30%-40% LRSS ENERGY . SO IT IS ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY.

• IT IS TOUGH AND MORE SCRATCH RESISTANT.• IT POSSESES HIGH OPTICAL CLARITY AND SUPER

SAFTEY PROPERTIES.• PRICE 50 PER SQ. FT.

CUTTING OF GLASS

1. PREPARATION – IN THIS THE GLASS SURFACE IS CLEANED. ALL THE MEASUREMENTS & AND MARKS ARE DEMEASURED . THE CUTTUNG IS DONE BY SPECIAL GLASS CUTTERSAND SOME LIGHT OILS.

2.SCORING OF THE GLASS – DIP THE CUTTER IN OIL , THEN LAYOUT THE STRAIGHT EDGE.APPLY PRESSURE & PUSH THE CUTTERALONG THE SURFACE ROLLING DOWN. THEN RUN THE CUTTER SMOOTHLY FROM ONE EDGE TO ANOTHER. FINALLY CHECK THE SCORES MAKING TORE WHILE THE CUTTER IS RUNNING FROM ONE EDGE TO ANOTHER.

3. BREAKING & SMOOTHNING – GRAB EACH SIDE OF THE LOT OF GLASS CAREFULLY N YOUR HANDS. THEN BREAK THE GLASS IN HANDS INTO TWO HALVES. APPLY MINOR PRESSURE TO BREAK THE GLASS ALONG THE SCOPE WHILE DOING IT. USE FINE SAND PAPER OR A SHAPING STONE TO REMOVE THE SHARPNESS OF THE EDGE.

VARIETY OF GLASS

UV GLASS

* UV GLASS IS MADE FROM THE RAW MOISTURE WITH MINIMUM IRON , TITANIUM AND CHROME.

• AS REFFERED TO ITS NAME UV GLASS TRANSMITS ULTRA VIOLET RAYS.

• IT IS WIDELY USED IN THE WINDOWS OF SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS.

COLOURED GLASS

IT IS PREPARED BY MIXING DIFFERENT PIGMENTS AT THE FIXION STAGE .

IT DEFORCES THE LIGHT POOSING THROUGH IT.

IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS STTAIN GLASS IT IS USED FOE DECORATIVE WORKS.

TEMPEREDED GLASS

IT IS A TYPE OF SAFTEY GLASS CONTROLLED BY CHEMICAL TREATMENTTO INCREASE ITS STRENGTHAS COMPARED TO A NORMAL GLASS.

TEMPERING POTS THE OUTER SURFACE INTO COMPRESSING IN A SURFACE INTO TENSIONS. SUCH STRESS CAUSES INTO THE FORMATION OF TEMPERED GLASS .

WHEN IT IS BROKEN IT SHATTERS INTO SMALL CHUNKS INSPITE OF SPLITTINGINTO SHAREDS AS PLATE GLASS.

BORO – SILICATE GLASS

IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS HEAT RESISTANT GLASS.

IT IS MAINLY MADE UP OF 70%-80% SILICA , 7%-13% OF BORICOXIDE WITH SMALL AMOUNT OF SODIUM & POTASSIUM OXIDE.

IT HAS A HIGH SOFTENING POINT.SUDDEN CHANGE OF TEMPRATURE

DOESN’T AFFECT IT.IT IS USED IN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY FOR

LABORATORY PURPOSE.IT IS ALSO USED FOR MAKING

MICROWAVE SAFE CROCKERY.

COMMAN GLASS

IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS BOTTLE GLASS AND ALSO IT IS PREPARED BY CHEAP RAW MATERIAL.

IT IS A MIXTURE OF SODIUM SILICATE , CALCIUM SILICATE, AND IRON SILICATE.

IT IS BROWN , YELLOW & GREEN IN COLOUR BUT TRANSPARENT.

IT IS EASILY ACIDS.IT IS MAINLY USED FOR MANUFACTURING

OF BOTTELS.

POTASH LEAD GLASS

IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS FLINT GLASS.IT IS MAINLY A MIXTURE OF POTASSIUM &

LEAD SILICATE.IT FUSES VERY EASILY AND POSSES A

WHITE LUSTURE.IT HAS A GREAT REFLECTIVE POWER.

ONCE PROCESSED IT TURNS BLACK & OPAQUE , IF IT COMES IN CONTACT WITH REDUCING GASES OF FURNACE DURING HEATING.

IT IS USED IN MANUFACTURING OF BILBS & LENSES.

TREATMENT OF GLASS

BENDING

CUTTING

OPAQUE MAKING

SILVERING

THANK YOU NEHA NEGI