THEWORLD BANK GROUP

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cfjfhnfO{ d'vl/t ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .

zf;gnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{] sfo{df ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf gePsf] cj:yfdf -h'g

ljz]if u/L ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] kf/blz{tf

/ hjfkmb]lxtfnfO{ k|j4{g ug{] 1fg / Ifdtfsf] cefjn] ubf{ x'g] ub{5_ k|fgn] cfkm"nfO{ Pp6f alnof] pTk|]/s ;fem]bf/sf] ?kdf pEofPsf] 5 .

xfnsf] cj:yfdf :yfoL, pQ/bfoL / hjfkmb]xL /fHo lgsfonfO{ :yflkt ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg sfo{sf nflu gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsf cem a9]sf] 5 . o; cj:yfdf gful/s ;dfhn] /rgfTds e"ldsf lgefpgsf nflu gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;an agfpg] sfo{ g]kfnsf ljsf; ;fem]bf/x?n] lbg ;Sg] Pp6f d'Vo of]ubfg xf] .

g]kfndf gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx?sf] alnof] k/Dk/f /lxcfPsf]5 . oBlk ljefhg,

/fhgLlts/0f, sd Ifdtf, ckof{Kt;+of]hg / /fHo;Fusf] c;dfg ;DaGwh:tf

s'/fx?n] oL ;+:yfx?sf] k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ ;Lldt u/]sf] 5 .

g]kfnnfO{ ul/ad'vL / cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] af6f]tkm{ pGd'v u/fpgsf nflu ;'zf;g Pp6f d'Vo s8L xf] eGg]

s'/fdf g]kfnsf /fhgLlts zlQm tyf ljsf;

;fem]bf/x? nueu ;xdt 5g\ .

;'zf;gsf nflu ;an / k|efjsf/L

;/sf/L lgsfo dfq xf]Og, ;lqmo / lqmofzLn gful/s / gful/s ;dfh ;+:yf klg rflxG5 . k|fgn] ;'zf;gsf] b'j} æcfk'lt{Æ / ædfuÆ kIfnfO{ k|j4{g ub{5 / oL b'j}aLr ;]t"sf] sfo{ klg ub{5 .

/fHo tyf zflGt lgdf{0f sf]if -P;lklaPkm_ / ax'bft[ sf]if -Pdl8l6Pkm_ sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf k|fgn] tLg j6f If]qdf ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtfsf s[ofsnfk ;+rfng ug{;xof]u ul//fv]sf] 5 . tL ;fj{hlgs ljQLo Joj:yfkg, gu/Lo ;'zf;g / ;fj{hlgs;]jf k|bfg x'g\ .

l;sfOx?M ;'rgfnfO{ ;zlQms/0fdf abNb}g]kfnsf] dWodf~rn If]qsf] n]vgfy

gu/kflnsfdf dlxnfx? cfkm\gf] cfjfhsf]

;'g'jfO xf];\ / cfkm"x?nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/of];\

egL dfu ul//x]sf 5g\ . k|fgsf] sfo{sf] kmn:j?k o:tf] kl/jt{g cfpg ;Dej ePsf]

xf] .

g]kfndf k|To]s jif{ gu/kflnsfsf] Psd'i7 cg'bfg -Ans u|fG6_ sf] bz k|ltzt ah]6 dlxnfsf nflu

ljlgof]hg ul/G5 . oBlk ;f] ah]6 ;w}+

dlxnfx? sxfF eg] k'Ub}g . n]vgfysf dlxnfx?nfO{ o:tf] k|fjwfg 5 eGg] yfxf lyPg . pgLx?n] gu/Lo ah]6 tof/Lsf nflu

x'g] 5nkmndf ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ kfPsf

lyPgg\ .

æxfdLnfO{ of]hgfsf] k/fdz{df ;xefuL

u/fOPsf] lyPg . xfdLnfO{ xfdLn] kfpg' kg{]

;]jf;'ljwf af/] yfxf klg lyPg . uPsf] jif{

;fd'bflos ;+rf/ s]Gb|n] xfdLnfO{ hfgsf/L

lbP kl5 dfq xfdLnfO{ t yfxf eof] . To;

cl3 t xfdL 3/d} ;Lldt lyof}+ . dlxnfsf

nflu klg ah]6 5''66\ofOG5 eGg] xfdLnfO{

cQf]kQf] lyPg . xfdLn] t cfkm}nfO{ ljsf;

ug{] df}sf kf] r'sfO/x]sf /x]5f}+ . cab]lv t

of] df}sf lsg kf] r'sfpYof}+ /Æ, %) jifL{o

;fdflhs sfo{stf{ ;'ss'df/L ljZjsdf{

5's5's dfGb} eGg' x'G5 .

;fd'bflos ;+rf/ s]Gb|n] k|fgdfkm{t

;fj{hlgs vr{sf] ;f]wvf]h gfds ;fdflhs

hjfkmb]lxtfsf] cf}hf/sf] k|of]u;DaGwL

kl/of]hgf ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] . ah]6 th'{df

ubf{ dlxnfsf] e"ldsfaf/] @)) dlxnf;Fu

cGtjftf{ ul/Psf] lyof] eg] !% j6f ;fd'lxs

5nkmn ;+rfng ul/Psf lyP . ah]6 th'{dfdf

dlxnfsf] e"ldsfnfO{ k|sfzdf Nofpg s]Gb|n]

5 j6f gful/s ;r]tgf 5nkmn sfo{qmd

/ Pp6f ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ klg ;+rfngu/]sf] lyof] .

tL dlxnfx? dlxnfs]lGb|t sfo{qmdsf nflu

ah]6 rfxG5g\ . h:tf] ls l;nfOa'gfO, s[ifL, gub] afnL cflb af/] sfo{zfnf ;+rfng ug{sf

nflu . k'?if hlt s} l;Sg] df}sf kfPdf dfq

dlxnfx? k'?if ;dfg x'g ;Sg] pgLx?sf] 7DofO 5 .

4

k|fgsf] ljifout If]qx?;'zf;gsf nflu ;an / k|efjsf/L;/sf/L ;+oGq eP/ dfq k'Ub}g . o;sf nflu ;lqmo / lqmofzLn gful/s / gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx? klg rflxG5 .

g]kfndf ljZj a}+ssf] zf;g;DaGwL sfo{qmd b'O6f If]qdf sfd ub{5M

!= /fHo ;+oGqsf] k|efjsfl/tf, pQ/bfloTj, kf/blz{tf / cfGtl/s hjfkmb]lxtfnfO{ dha't agfpg]

@= ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtf ;+oGqnfO{ ;jn agfO{ ;/sf/sf] hjfkmb]lxtf / kf/blz{tfnfO{ a9fpg]

;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtf eGgfn] tL k4ltx?nfO{ hgfp“b5 h;n] gful/s, gful/s ;dfh ;+:yf / cGou}//fHo kIfsf] /fHonfO{ hjfkmb]xL agfpg] IfdtfnfO{ a9fpFb5 / kf/bzL{,hjfkmb]xL / gful/ssf] cfjZostf / dfuk|ltpQ/bfoL x'g /fHosf] IfdtfnfO{ klg a9fp“b5 .

uPsf] bz jif{df ljZjel/ g} ;fdflhs

hjfkmb]lxtfsf ljleGg k4lt / cf}hf/x? ljsf; ul/Psf 5g\ . ljleGg d'n'sx?df

eO/x]sf] Jofks cEof;n] ubf{ tL k4lt / cf}hf/df lgvf/ klg cfPsf 5g\ / æ;'zf;gsf] dfuÆ nfO{ dha't agfpg] ultnf] dfWod ag]sf 5g\ .

xfn ljZj a}+sn] ljZjel/ g} p;n];xof]u ul//x]sf sfo{qmdx?df tL k4lt k|of]u ug{nfO{ ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 .g]kfn ;/sf/n] klg hjfkmb]lxtf / ;]jf k|bfg ug{] sfo{nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ dfu kIfsf] cfjZostf ePsf] :jLsf/ ub{5 .

gjf}+ k~jifL{o of]hgf;Fu} ;/sf/n] ljsf; /0fgLltsf] th{'df / sfof{Gjogdf gful/s ;dfhnfO{ cxd\ e'ldsf k|bfg u/]sf] 5. ;/sf/n] xfn} ;'zf;g P]g / ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]g klg nfu" u/]sf] 5 . oL b'j} P]gn] hjfkmb]xL / Odfgbf/ ;/sf/sf] cfjZostf / ;/sf/sf] sfo{;DkfbgnfO{ cg'udg ug{ gful/s ;"lrt / ;zQm x'g] clwsf/nfO{ cfTd;fy u/]sf] 5 . k|fgsf tLg ljifout If]q ljQLo Joj:yfkg, gu/Lo zf;g / ;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|bfgnfO{

5

;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu sfo{qmd lgDg

sfo{x?df s]lGb|t eO/x]sf] 5M

;fj{hlgs ljQ Joj:yfkg :jtGq ah]6 ljZn]if0f -gful/s

;dfh ;+:yf, ly° 6\of°, cg';Gwfg s]Gb| cflbx?åf/f_

ah]6;DaGwL ;"rgfsf] ;/nLs/0f / cfd ?kdf jf ;fj{hlgs k|jfx

cfd;r]tgf / ah]6 ;fIf/tfsf] :t/nfO{ a9fpg]

;xeflutfd"ns vr{sf] ;f]wvf]h

gu/Lo ;'zf;g gful/s o'lgogsf] u7g

-gu/kflnsfsf clwsf/Lx?;Fu cGtlqmof ug{_

;fdflhs s/f/sf] :yfkgf-gu/kflnsfsf clwsf/L /gful/saLr_

gful/s / gu/Lo ;/sf/aLr lgoldt ;Djfb ug{sf nflu ;+oGq

gu/Lo kf/blz{tf / æ;d'bfok|ltsf]æ hjfkmb]lxtfnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{] ;+oGq

;xeflutfd"ns gu/Lo of]hgf th'{df ;xeflutfd"ns ah]6 th'{df

;fj{hlgs ;]jf k|bfg ;]jf cg'udg ug{ ;fd'bflos c+ssf8{

-/ cGo ;xeflutfd"ns cg'udg /

d"Nof°g k4lt_ sf] k|of]u gful/s k|ltj]bg sf8{ ;fd'bflos Joj:yfkg / cg'udg

;ldltx?

;]jf k|bfosx?åf/f ;]jf;'ljwf / z'Nsx? af/] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|jfx

gful/s j8fkq ;fdflhs n]vf u'gf;f] /fVg] k|efjsf/L ;+oGqsf]

:yfkgf

k|fg cGtu{t bz dlxgfsf] cjlwdf

gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] !# j6f ufpFsf @!

j6f ;fd''bflos ljBfnox?n] ;fd'bflos

c+ssf8{ k|of]u ugf{n] ljBfyL{n] kfpg]

;]jfdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5 .

;fd'bflos c+ssf8{df 5 j6f r/0fx? lyP,

h;dWo] ;aeGbf dxTjk"0f{ eg]sf] ;Daf]wg

ul/g' kg{] d'2fx? af/] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr

-cleefjs, ljBfyL{, lzIfs, lzIff dGqfnosf

clwsf/L, ljBfno Jojf:yfkg ;ldlt, /

cleefjs / lzIfs ;+3_ ;xdtL Nofpg'lyof] .

o; cEof; ;]jf kfpg] / k|bfg ug{] aLr sfo{

of]hgfdf ;xdtL Nofpg] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ ;+oGq xf] . gjnk/f;Ldf ;fd'bflos c+ssf8{sf] k|of]un] tLg s'/f u¥of] .

lzIffnfO{ k|efj kfg{] dxTjk"0f{ d'2fx? af/]

;xdtL ;'lglZrt u¥of] .

;]jfk|bfos / ;]jf k|fksx?aLr Ps csf{sf] wf/0ff a'em\g d2t u¥of] .

b'j} kIfn] dxTjk"0f{ egL :jLsf/ u/]sf d'2fx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu ;+o'Qm

k|lta4tf xfl;n u¥of] .

k|fgsf] ;kmntfM;fd'bflos c+ssf8{sf] k|of]u

6

k|fgsf] k2ltk|fgsf] sfo{qmd p2]Zo xfl;n ug{sf nflu lgDg s[ofsnfkx? ul/G5g\, h'g o;sf g]kfnL ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?n] Joj:yfkg ub{5g\ .

Ifdtf ljsf; / ;r]tgfo; cGtu{t, sfo{qmdn] lgDg s[ofsnfksf nflu ;xof]u ub{5Ms_ gful/s ;dfh / ;/sf/L

cEof;stf{x?sf nflu ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtfsf k4lt af/] tflnd

v_ sfd jf hflu/ s} bf}/fgdf k|bfg ul/g] ;Nnfx;'emfj / cg'lzIf0f

u_ cfbfgk|bfg e|d0f / 5fqj[lQ3_ nlIft ;d"xsf nflu ljz]if sfo{qmdx?

k|fgsf Ifdtf clej[l4 s[ofsnfkn] gful/s

;dfh / ;/sf/L cEof;stf{x?nfO{ nlIft ub{5 . o;n] g]kfndf klxNo}b]lv

k|of]u eO/x]sf ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtfsf k4ltnfO{ ;an agfpg] / cGo d'n'sx?df k|of]u eO{ k|efjsf/L l;4 ePsf ljZjJofkL

cEof;x?nfO{ pko'Qm eP;Dd g]kfnLkl/k|]Ifdf cg's'n u/L k|of]u ug{] p2]Zo

/fVb5 . Ifdtf clej[l4sf ;xefuLx?nfO{

j:t'k/s dfkb08sf cfwf/df kf/bzL{ k|s[of k|of]u u/L 5gf}6 ul/G5 . tflnd / Ifdtf clej[l4sf] dfunfO{ qmda4 ?kdf ul/g] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«ok/fdz{x?dfkm{t c+fsng ul/G5, / cleJoQm ul/Psf dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L Ifdtf clej[l4 s[ofsnfkx?nfO{ ;f]lx cg';f/ 9fNg nrstf ckgfOg] ul/G5 .

k|fgsf Ifdtf clej[l4 s[ofsnfkn]

gful/s ;dfh / ;/sf/L

cEof;stf{x?nfO{ nlIft ub{5 .

sfo{ut l;sfOsf nflu cg'bfgo; cGtu{t sfo{qmdn] lgDg s[ofsnfksf nflu ;xof]u ub{5Ms_ ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtf;DaGwL gd"gf

kl/of]hgfsf nflu cg'bfg -cd]l/sL 8n/ %),))) ;Dd_ /,

v_ cf}hf/ ljsf; / sfo{ut cg';Gwfgsf

nflu ;fgf] cg'bfg -cd]l/sL 8n/ !%,))) ;Dd_

cg'bfg kfpg] gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx?nfO{

cg'bfg ultljlw sfof{Gjog ug{] l;nl;nfdf cg'ejL ;Nnfxsf/åf/f ;Nnfx / cg'lzIf0f

7

k|bfg ul/G5 . cg'bfgn] ;fdflhs

hjfkmb]lxtfsf cf}hf/ ljsf;, kl/If0f ug{] Pj+ g]kfnL kl/j]zdf cg's'n ug{], sfof{GjognfO{ cg'udg ug{], / ;+rfng / Ifdtf clej[l4 lqmofsnfknfO{ eljiodf lgb{]z ug{ glthfx?nfO{ 36gf cWoogsf ?kdf k|jfx ug{] vr{nfO{ ;d]6b5 .

1fg cfbfgk|bfg / ;+hfnLs/0fo; cGtu{t sfo{qmdn] lgDg s[ofsnfksf nflu ;xof]u ub{5Ms_ 1fg Joj:yfkg ;]jfv_ ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu

k/:k/ ;xof]uL ;+hfn / u7aGwg

cg';Gwfg, cg'udg, d"Nof°g /

l;sfOo; cGtu{t sfo{qmdn] lgDg s[ofsnfksf nflu ;xof]u ub{5Ms_ cg'udg, k|efj d"Nof°g / l;sfO,

h; cGtu{t k|fgsf nflu æu/]/ l;Sg]Æ lgdf{0ffwLg /0fgLltsf] ljsf; / sfo{qmdn] ;xof]u u/]sf s[ofsnfknfO{ cg'udg / d"Nof°g ug{ / g]kfndf ;fdflhs

hjfkmb]lxtfnfO{ dha't agfpgsf

nflu ;fGble{s l;sfOx?nfO{ ;+u|x ug{sf nflu :jtGq tYodf cfwfl/t cg';Gwfg kb{5g\ .

v_ cGo ljz]if cWoogM eljiodfg]kfndf ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtfsf] cEof;nfO{ ;an agfpgsf nflu yk cWoog cfjZos x'g] ljifox?sf] cg';Gwfg sfo{df k|fgn] ;xof]u ub{5 .

sfo{qmd g]t[Tj / k|zf;gcGttM g]kfndf ljZj a}+ssf] /fli6«o sfof{nodf cjl:yt s]lGb|o k|fg;+of]hg OsfO -lkl;o"_n], sfo{qmdsf s[ofsnfkx?sf] ;+of]hgsf] pTt/bfoLTj axg ub{5 . ;fy} sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg Wofgk"j{s ug]{, sfo{qmdsf cg'ej, l;sfOx? ;+sng u/L k[i7kf]if0f åf/f k|fgsf] dha'tLs/0f ug]{ tyf g]kfnsf nflu ljZj a}+ssf] /fli6«o sfo{qmddf ;fdflhs hjfkmb]lxtf ;dflxt ug{sf nflu cfwf/ k|bfg ug]{ / ;'lglZrt ug]{ pQ/bfoLTj klg axg ub{5 .

8

THEWORLD BANK GROUP

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