Git Anatomy

7/25/2019 Git Anatomy

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Embriologi

Muhammad Bimo HarmajiDepartemen AnatomiFakultas KedokteranUniversitas Lambung MangkuratDesember, !"#

Anatom$ o% &astrointestinal 'ra(t


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The GI tract)gastrointestinal tra(t*

The muscular alimentary

canal Mouth +har$n Esophagus -toma(h -mall intestine Large intestine Anus

The accessory

digestive organsSupply secretionscontributing to thebreakdown of food 'eeth . tongue -alivar$ glands

&allbladder Liver


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THE ABDOM!

The Abdomen is the region of thetrunk that lies between thediaphragm above & the inlet of thepelvis below.

The abdominal wall:Superiorly, the abdominal wall isformed by the diaphragm ,whichseparates the abdominal cavity fromthe thoracic cavity .

Inferiorly the abdominal cavity iscontinuous with the pelvic cavitythrough the pelvic inlet.Anteriorly,the abdominal wall isformed by the lower part of thoraciccage & below by the rectus


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Embriologi

# $egioAbdomen%

"/Hipokondriumkanan

/Epigastrium

0/Hipokondriumkiri

1/Lumbaliskanan#/Umbilikalis

2/Lumbalis kiri


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Embriologi

-uperior 7 dia%ragma4n%erior 7 rongga pelvis

Anterior 7 otot dan %as(ia re(tus abdominis,m/obli8uus eternus, m/obli8uus internus,dan m/transversus abdominis+osterior7 # vert lumbalis dan dis(usintervertebralisn$a, (osta 944, bag atastulang pelvis, m/psoas, m/8uadratuslumborum, aponeurosis origo m/transversus

abdominis

-truktur dinding abdomen


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Embriologi


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"/ -kin

/ -uper:(ial %att$ la$er o%sub(utaneous tissue ) ;amperFa(ia*

0/ Deep membranous la$er

) -(arpa %as(ia*1/ Eternal obli8ue mus(le

#/ 4ntermediate %as(ia

2/ 4nternal obli8ue mus(le

3/ Deep %as(ia

5/ 'ransverse abdominal mus(le

6/ Endoabdominal %as(ia)trans%ersalis*

"!/Etraperitoneal %at

""/+arietal peritonium


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Embriologi


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Embriologi


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T' A()*I+A -AIT/The peritoneum

It is a serous membrane lining the wall ofthe abdomen & the pelvic cavities 01parietal P.)& clothing the abdominal &

pelvic viscera 01visceral P2 , the spacebetween them called the peritoneal cavitywhich contain small amount of 3uid.(etween the parietal 4. & the fascia

covering the abd. Is a layer of connectivetissue called the e!tra5peritoneal tissue.

'he organs =hi(h are (overed totall$ =ithvis(eral +/ (alled intraperitoneal organs =hile

those (overed partiall$ or l$ing behind the +/


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The omentum% is 65 layers folds of 4.that connects the stomach to otherviscus.

The greater omentumconnects thestomach to transverse colon ,Thelesser omentumconnect the

stomach to liver.The mesenteryis a 65layers folds of 4.connecting parts of intestine to thepost. abd. wall. e.g. mesentery of

small int., the transverse colon, Thesigmoid colon.

The 4arietal 4. is sensitive to

pain,temp.,touch & pressure &su lied b lower 7 thoracic & 8st


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The gastrointestinal tract'he osophagus7 is a mus(ular (ollapsible

tube ,# (m long, joins the phar$n to thestoma(h, its major part in the thora,enters the abdomen through an opening

in the right (rus o% the diaphragm .enterthe stoma(h on its right side/

'he stoma(h74t is >?shape organ lies under

(over o% the lo=er ribs, has (ardia( ori:(eabove . p$lori( ori:(ebelo=,. hasgreater . lesser(urvitures, . ant/ .post/ -ur%a(es/

4t devided to 7%undus bod in(isura


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The Stomach

'he lesser (urvature7%orms the right border .

etends %rom the (ardia( ori:(e to the p$lorus/4t is suspended %rom the liver b$ the lesseromentum/

'he greater (urvature7%orms the le%t border, the

greater omentum etends %rom the lo=er partto the transverse (olon . the gastro?spleni(omentum etend %rom the upper part to thespleen /

'he mu(us membrane %orms man$ %olds (alledrugaethat are longitudinal in dire(tion/

4t has 0 mus(ular la$ers7longitudinal , (ir(ular .

obli8ue/


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The small intestine

It e!tends from the pylorus to the ileo5

cecal valve & divided to duodenum ,the 9e9unum & the ileum.

The duodenum% is a -5 shape tube ,6:

cm long, 9oins the stomach to the9e9unum . It receives the opening ofthe bile & pancreatic ducts & curves

around the head of pancreas. Itdivided to ; parts %

8stpartis :cm long, begins at pylorus& runs upward & backward on theri ht side of 8 vertebra.


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The duodenum

The 6ndpart% is < cm long runs vertically

downward in front of the right kidney & onright side of 8,6 vertebrae. Its medialborder receives the bile duct & the mainpancreatic ducts in ma9or duodenal papilla

& receive the accessory panc. )uct higherup in the minor duod. 4apilla.

The =rdpart% is < cm long ,runs hori>ontallyto the left, in front of the vertebralcolumn& the lower margin of the head ofpanc.

The ;thpart% is : cm long, runs upward & to

the left to the duodeno59e9unal 3e!ure.


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Th ? 9 & Th


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The ?e9unum & TheIleumIt is 7 m long. The 9e9unum is the

upper 6@:th of this length start induodeno59e9unal 9unction to mergewith the ileum which end in the ileo5cecal 9unction.

The coils of them are freely mobile &attached to the post. abd. wall byfan shape fold of peritoneum called

esentery of the small intestine.The 9e9unum has wider5bored, thicker5

walled , redder & less fat than theileum ,also the plicae circulares are

larger ,more numerous & closely set.


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Embriologi

?'?B+B I'B

Dinding lebih tebal danmerah, ada pli(a(ir(ularis $gberdekatan, lebihban$ak dan lebih besar

Dinding lebih tipis o/k/+li(a (ir(ularisberjauhan dan lebar,pada bag ba=ah tdkada

'dk terdapat kel/>aringan l$mphoid)pla8ues pe$eri*

'erdapat kel/ >aringanl$mphoid )pla8uespe$eri*

+D mesenterium 7

ar(ade "? dengan(abang jarang danpanjang

+D mesenterium7

ar(ade lebih ban$ak)0?1* dan pendek?pendek

>ar lemak mesenteriumsedikit

>ar lemak mesenteriumban$ak


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The arge Intestine4t etends %rom the end o% the ileum to the anus/

4t divided to ;e(um , Appendi ,as(ending (olon,'ransverse (olon ,Des(ending (olon ,-igmoid(olon , @e(tum . Anal (anal/

4ts %un(tion is absorption o% =ater . ele(trol$tes.

the storage o% undigested material until it (anbe epelled %rom the bod$ as %e(es /

'he ;e(um7 4t is a blind?ended pou(h lo(ated inthe right ilia( %ossa , atta(hed to its postero?

medial sur%a(e is the appendi/ 'helongutudinal Mm/ %olded in 0 strips (alled theteniea (oli=hi(h (overed the base o% theappendi/'he ileum enter the large int/ at the

jun(tion o% the (e(um =ith the as(ending (olonin the ileo?(e(al valve/


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The arge Intestine

'heAppendi7is a narro= mus(ular tube

(ontain large amount o% l$mphoidtissue ,its base lies belo= the ileo?(e(al

jun(tion . atta(hed b$ the meso?appendi to the mesenter$ o% the smallint/'he tip lies in man$ positions likeretro(e(al, pelvi(, para(e(al, subhepati(. retro?ileal sites/


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The arge IntestineThe Ascending -olon%It is 8= cm

long ,e!tend upward from the cecumto inf. surface of the liver where itturns to the left forming the hepatic

3e!ure& become continuous withthe transverse colon/

The Transverse -olon% It is ;C cm long, begins at hepatic 3e!ure e!tendacross the abd. suspended by thetransverse meseocolon, to thesplenic 3e!urewhere turns

downward to start the descending


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The arge Intestine

The )escending -olon%

Itis 6: cm long , e!tendfrom the splenic3e!ure downward to

pelvic brim to continuewith sigmoid colon,

The Sigmoid -olon74t is0#

(m long ,begins at thepelvi( brim to (ontinue=ith the re(tum at -0vertebra /4ts atta(hed to

post/ pelvi( =all


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The arge Intestine

The rectum%It is 8= cm long

begins in front of S= ascontinuation of sigmoidcolon to pass downwardfallowing the curve of thesacrum & coccy! to the tipof the coccy! where piercethe pelvic diaphragm &become continuous withthe anal canal . The

dialated lower part calledthe rectal ampulla.

The Anal -anal%is : cm longe!tend from the pelvic

diaphragm to the anus


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The blood supply of


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The blood supply ofGIT/

The arterial supply of the GIT related to the

development of deferent parts of the gut .Theceliac A.is the A. of the foregut &supplies from the lower 8@= of theosophagus to the middle of the 6ndpart ofthe duodenum.The sup. esenteric A.is the A. of themidgut & supplies from the middle of the

6nd

part of the duodenum to distal 8@= ofthe transverse colon.

The inf. esenteric A.is the A. of thehindgut &supplies the large int. from

distal 8@= of the transverse colon down to


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The celiac artery

It arise from the abdominal aorta at

T86 level, It gives = branches %85 The left gastric A.to lesser curvature

of the stomach &lower 'sophagus toanastamose with the right gastric A..

65 The splenic A% run on the upperborder of the pancreas & behind thestomach to enters the spleen . It

gives%6585 pancreatic branches.

6565 left gastro5epiploic A. on thegreater curvature of the stomach to

anastamose with the right gastro5


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'h li


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'he (elia(arter$65=5 Short gastric Aa. to the fundus of thestomach.

=5 The epatic A.which gives %

=585 right gastric A. runs on the lesser

curvature to anastamose with the leftgastric A.

=565 Gastro5duodenal A. runs behind the 6ndpart of the duod. to divide to right gastro5

epiploic A0on the greater curvature2 &superior pancreatico5duodenalA. whichdescend between the 6ndpart of the duod.& the head of pancreas.

=5=5 $i ht & left he atic Aa. that enter the


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'he superior mesenteri(


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'he superior mesenteri(arter$It is the A. of the midgut . It arise from

the abd. aorta below the celiac A. torun downward behind the neck ofthe panc.& in front of the =rdpart of

the duod. Its branches are %85 the inf. 4ancreatico5duodenal A.

65 middle colic A to supply the trans.

colon=5 right colic A. to supply the ascen.

colon.

;5 Ileo5colic A. which supply the small


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'he in%erior mesenteri( A/

It is the A. of the hindgut,arise from

the aorta ; cm above its bifurcationto pass downward & to the left.Itsbranches are%

85 left colic A.65 sigmoid Aa.

=5 superior rectal A.

The marginal A.%form from the

anastamosis of the colic Aa. Aroudthe concave margin of the large int. Itstarts at the ileo5cecal 9unction to thesup rectal A.


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4nervasi &4'


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'run(us -$mphati(us

'run(us -$mphati(us thora(i(a trun(uss$mphati(us abdominalis trun(uss$mphati(us pelvi(a

+leus Aorti(um 7 pleus $ang mengelilingisekitar a/(oeli(a, a/renalis, a/mesenteri(asuperior dan a/mesenteri(a in%erior/

+leus Aorti(um terdiri dari pleus (oelia(us,

pleus renalis, pleus mesenteri(us superiordan pleus mesenteri(us in%erior


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4nervasi esophagus

esophagus dipersara: oleh serabutsara% parasimpatis )n/vagus* dansimpatis )trunkus simpatikus*

+ada bagian ba=ah dalamperjalanann$a pada thora,oesophagus dikelilingi oleh pleus

oesophagus/


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4nervasi &aster

'erdiri dari sara% simpatis )pleussimpati(us (oelia(us* dan parasimpatis)n/vagus kanan dan kiri*

-impatis menghantarkan rasa n$eri -erabut parasimpatis sekretomotoris

untuk kelenjar lambung dan motoris

untuk otot dinding lambung


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4 i D d > j d


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4nervasi Duodenum, >ejunum dan4leum

Duodenum terdiri dari sara%parasimpatis )n/ vagus* dan sara%simpatis )pleus mesenterikus

superior dan pleus (oelia(us* >ejunum dan 4leum terdiri dari sara%

simpatis )pleus mesenteri(us

superior* dan parasimpatis )n/vagus*

4nervasi ;ae(um .


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4nervasi ;ae(um .Appendi

-ara% (ae(um berasal dari sara%simpatis )pleus mesenteri(us superior*dan sara% parasimpatis )n/vagus*

-ara% appendi berasal dari sara%simpatis )pleus mesenteri(us superiordan sara% parasimpatis )n/vagus*/

-erabut sara% a%eren $ang menghantarkan rasa n$eriviseral dari appendi berjalan bersama sara%simpatis dan masuk ke medula spinalis setinggisegmen thora(i(a 9


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4nervasi ;olon As(enden

Berasal dari sara% simpatis )pleusmesenteri(us superior* dan sara%parasimpatis )n/vagus*


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4nervasi ;olon 'ransversum

Berasal dari sara% simpatis )pleusmesenteri(us superior dan in%erior*dan sara% parasimpatis )n/vagus dan

dari sara% parasimpatis pelvis*/ -erabut n/vagus han$a mempersara:

C0 proksimal (olon transversum "C0

distal dipersara: oleh sara%parasimpatis n/pelvi(us


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4nervasi ;olon Des(enden

Berasal dari serabut sara% simpatis)pleus mesenteri(us in%erior* dansara% parasimpatis )n/pelvi(us*

4nervasi ;olon -igmoid .


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4nervasi ;olon -igmoid .@e(tum

+ersara%an (olon sigmoid berasal daripleus h$pogastri(us in%erior, pleusini berjalan ke atas pada atap

meso(olon sigmoideum +ersara%an re(tum juga berasal dari

pleus h$pogastri(a in%erior


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4nervasi Anus

+ersara%an mukosa dan m/sphin(terani internus oleh pleus h$pogastri(ain%erior

+ersara%an m/sphin(ter ani eksternusoleh n/re(talis in%erior )(abangn/pudendus*

Git Anatomy

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