GIS Software, Applications and the Internet Class 2 GISG 110.

GIS Software, Applications GIS Software, Applications and the Internetand the Internet

Class 2 Class 2 GISG 110 GISG 110

ObjectivesObjectives

GIS Software, Applications and the InternetGIS Software, Applications and the Internet

Why GIS?Why GIS?

Software vendorsSoftware vendors

Types of GIS softwareTypes of GIS software

Application fieldsApplication fields

Application areasApplication areas

Why GIS?Why GIS?

Wider availability through Internet and Wider availability through Internet and networksnetworks

Lower cost of GIS hardware and software Lower cost of GIS hardware and software

Greater awareness that decision making Greater awareness that decision making affects geographic neighborsaffects geographic neighbors

More user-friendlyMore user-friendly

Increased availability of GIS dataIncreased availability of GIS data

Better technologyBetter technology

Availability of “out of box” applications and Availability of “out of box” applications and softwaresoftware

Software EvolutionSoftware Evolution

1970 and 80s: Command line1970 and 80s: Command line

Late 1980s: Late 1980s: – Graphical user interfaces (GUIs)Graphical user interfaces (GUIs)– Customization capabilitiesCustomization capabilities

Current Day: Software linked to WebCurrent Day: Software linked to Web

Software VendorsSoftware Vendors

Main playersMain players

ESRI ESRI

Intergraph Intergraph

Autodesk Autodesk

GE EnergyGE Energy

Secondary playersSecondary players

Leica GeosystemsLeica Geosystems

IBMIBM

MapInfoMapInfo

ESRI Inc.ESRI Inc.

Private company founded in 1969, headquartered in Private company founded in 1969, headquartered in Redlands, CARedlands, CAEmploys over 4000 worldwideEmploys over 4000 worldwideAnnual revenues over $500 millionAnnual revenues over $500 millionServes over 130,000 organizations, 1 million usersServes over 130,000 organizations, 1 million usersFocus solely on GIS marketFocus solely on GIS market– Primarily softwarePrimarily software– ¼ revenue from project work advising clients how to ¼ revenue from project work advising clients how to

implement GISimplement GISProduct suite called ArcGIS (hand-held, desktop, Product suite called ArcGIS (hand-held, desktop, servers)servers)www.esri.com

Intergraph Inc.Intergraph Inc.

Founded 1969, went public 1981Founded 1969, went public 1981Focus is CAD and mapping software, consulting Focus is CAD and mapping software, consulting services and hardwareservices and hardwareFour main operating units Four main operating units – Process, Power, and MarineProcess, Power, and Marine– Public SafetyPublic Safety– SolutionsSolutions– Mapping and Geospatial SolutionsMapping and Geospatial Solutions

Accounts for over $200 million in revenueAccounts for over $200 million in revenue

Total revenue over $500 millionTotal revenue over $500 millionGIS product line is GeoMediaGIS product line is GeoMediaStrongest GIS company in military, infrastructure and Strongest GIS company in military, infrastructure and utilityutilitywww.intergraph.com

AutoDeskAutoDesk

Publicly traded company, headquartered in San Publicly traded company, headquartered in San Rafael, CARafael, CALeading digital design and content company in Leading digital design and content company in building, manufacturing, infrastructure, and digital building, manufacturing, infrastructure, and digital media, and location servicesmedia, and location servicesProduct family is called AutoCADProduct family is called AutoCADUsed worldwide by over 4 million customersUsed worldwide by over 4 million customersPublicly traded $1 billion entity, employing 3,700Publicly traded $1 billion entity, employing 3,700Successful computer-aided design (CAD) company Successful computer-aided design (CAD) company that extended into GISthat extended into GISwww.autodesk.com

GE EnergyGE Energy

GIS software is referred to as Geospatial GIS software is referred to as Geospatial Asset Management SolutionAsset Management Solution– Based on Smallworld GISBased on Smallworld GIS

GE acquired Smallworld codebase in 2000GE acquired Smallworld codebase in 2000

Smallworld established in 1980 in UKSmallworld established in 1980 in UK

Onset focused on complex utility network Onset focused on complex utility network solutions, gas and electricsolutions, gas and electric

One of top 3 GIS utility software providersOne of top 3 GIS utility software providers

www.gepower.com

Types of software systemsTypes of software systems

DesktopDesktop

Server GISServer GIS

Developer GISDeveloper GIS

Hand-held GISHand-held GIS

Others Others – Imagery products, CAD, DBMSImagery products, CAD, DBMS

DesktopDesktop

Took off after development Microsoft Took off after development Microsoft Windows Operating SystemWindows Operating System

Most widely used GIS softwareMost widely used GIS software

Developed for PC platformDeveloped for PC platform

Focuses on data use (maps, charts, reports) Focuses on data use (maps, charts, reports) verses data creationverses data creation

Prices range from $1,000-2,000Prices range from $1,000-2,000

Professional GIS prices: $7,000-20,000 Professional GIS prices: $7,000-20,000

Server GISServer GIS

GIS runs on server, handles concurrent GIS runs on server, handles concurrent processing requests from range of processing requests from range of networked clientsnetworked clients

Functions: editing, mapping, data Functions: editing, mapping, data management, spatial analysismanagement, spatial analysis

Potential for largest user base and lowest Potential for largest user base and lowest cost per usercost per user

Cost varies $5,000-25,000 for small to Cost varies $5,000-25,000 for small to medium systemsmedium systems

Developer GISDeveloper GIS

Oriented toward needs of developersOriented toward needs of developers

Toolkits of GIS functions that programmers Toolkits of GIS functions that programmers use to build GIS applicationsuse to build GIS applications

Create highly customized applications that Create highly customized applications that stand alone or are embedded in other stand alone or are embedded in other applicationsapplications

Cost is $1,000-5,000 for developers kitCost is $1,000-5,000 for developers kit

Hand-held GISHand-held GIS

GIS for mobile systems and field useGIS for mobile systems and field use

Palm and pocket devices support display, query, Palm and pocket devices support display, query, analytical applications – similar to desktopanalytical applications – similar to desktop

Programs and data held in memory, due to (size and) Programs and data held in memory, due to (size and) lack of hard disklack of hard disk– Provides fast access, but memory more Provides fast access, but memory more

expensive than hard disk spaceexpensive than hard disk space

Smartphones hold 1 GB data and sophisticated Smartphones hold 1 GB data and sophisticated softwaresoftware– Cost for smartphone is $400-600Cost for smartphone is $400-600

Software Usage SummarySoftware Usage Summary

GIS Software SectorGIS Software Sector Number of Users*Number of Users*

ServerServer 2 million2 million

DesktopDesktop 1.25 million1.25 million

DeveloperDeveloper 450,000450,000

OtherOther 400,000400,000

Hand-heldHand-held 200,000200,000

Total size of GIS market = 4 million usersTotal size of GIS market = 4 million users

If consider Internet GIS users = 10 millionIf consider Internet GIS users = 10 million

*Estimated*Estimated

Traditional application fieldsTraditional application fields

MilitaryMilitary– Know Thy Enemy approach (tracking movements Know Thy Enemy approach (tracking movements

and strategies)and strategies)

GovernmentGovernment– Natural resource management, tax assessmentNatural resource management, tax assessment

EducationEducation– Academic research in a variety of area, trainingAcademic research in a variety of area, training

UtilitiesUtilities– Infrastructure, gas, electricInfrastructure, gas, electric

Growing fields and usesGrowing fields and uses

Mid-1990’s: Increased business usesMid-1990’s: Increased business usesBanking and financial servicesBanking and financial servicesTransportation logisticsTransportation logisticsReal estateReal estateMarket analysisMarket analysis

2121stst century centurySOHO and personal/consumer applicationsSOHO and personal/consumer applicationsSecurity, Intelligence, and counter-terrorismSecurity, Intelligence, and counter-terrorism

Application areas Application areas and examplesand examples

Representative application areasRepresentative application areas

Government and Public ServiceGovernment and Public Service

Business and Service PlanningBusiness and Service Planning

Logistics and TransportationLogistics and Transportation

EnvironmentEnvironment

Government and Government and Public ServicePublic Service

Government and Public ServiceGovernment and Public Service

First to discover value of GISFirst to discover value of GIS– CGIS: national system for natural resource CGIS: national system for natural resource

inventory and managementinventory and management

Now used at all levels of government: national to Now used at all levels of government: national to neighborhoodneighborhood

Government users are biggest single group of GIS Government users are biggest single group of GIS professionalsprofessionals

‘‘Top down’ decision making supplemented with Top down’ decision making supplemented with ‘bottom up’ representation of real communities‘bottom up’ representation of real communities

70-80% local government work should involve GIS70-80% local government work should involve GIS

Local governmentsLocal governments

Common ways GIS is usedCommon ways GIS is usedInventory resources and infrastructureInventory resources and infrastructureImprove public service deliveryImprove public service deliveryManage land developmentManage land developmentGenerate revenue by increasing economic activityGenerate revenue by increasing economic activity

Typical GIS applicationsTypical GIS applicationsMonitoring health risksMonitoring health risksManaging public housing stockManaging public housing stockAllocating welfare assistance fundsAllocating welfare assistance fundsTracking crimesTracking crimes

Applications in local governmentApplications in local government

Inventory applicationsInventory applications

Policy AnalysisPolicy Analysis

Management/Policy-Making applicationsManagement/Policy-Making applications


Inventory applicationsInventory applications– Locating property information Locating property information

e.g., ownership and tax assessmentse.g., ownership and tax assessments

County of San DiegoCounty of San Diego– Required to identify all landfills, hazardous Required to identify all landfills, hazardous

waste facilities and recycling siteswaste facilities and recycling sites


Policy Analysis applicationsPolicy Analysis applications– e.g., proximity to land use or featuree.g., proximity to land use or feature

Caltrans Caltrans – Environmental Impact Report (EIR) Environmental Impact Report (EIR)

required to assess proximity of required to assess proximity of endangered species to planned freewayendangered species to planned freeway


Management/Policy-Making applicationsManagement/Policy-Making applications– e.g., forecasting future housing needse.g., forecasting future housing needs

California CitiesCalifornia Cities– Housing Element is required to determine Housing Element is required to determine

number of new low-income homes needednumber of new low-income homes needed

Example of Local GovernmentExample of Local GovernmentGIS applicationGIS application

GIS in tax assessmentGIS in tax assessment

Tax Assessor’s Office is often first home of Tax Assessor’s Office is often first home of GIS in local governmentGIS in local government

Assessors responsible for judging the value Assessors responsible for judging the value of all taxable properties in jurisdictionof all taxable properties in jurisdiction

Details about properties include ownership, Details about properties include ownership, address, land and building value, and tax address, land and building value, and tax exemptionsexemptions


MethodMethodGIS used to collect and mange geographic parcel GIS used to collect and mange geographic parcel boundaries and associated property informationboundaries and associated property informationBasic tax assessment task involves database query Basic tax assessment task involves database query to locate all sales of similar properties within a given to locate all sales of similar properties within a given distance distance 1.1. Property to be valued is identified in property Property to be valued is identified in property

databasedatabase2.2. Geographic query performed to pull values of all Geographic query performed to pull values of all

comparable properties within 1 mile radius of comparable properties within 1 mile radius of propertyproperty

3.3. Properties displayed on assessor’s screenProperties displayed on assessor’s screen


ResultResult

Assessor can compare the characteristics of Assessor can compare the characteristics of properties (lot size, sales price, and date of properties (lot size, sales price, and date of sale, neighborhood status, property sale, neighborhood status, property improvements, etc) and value the propertyimprovements, etc) and value the property

Local government agenciesLocal government agenciesworking with GISworking with GIS

The CountyThe County

The eighteen citiesThe eighteen cities

SANDAGSANDAG

CaltransCaltrans

San Diego County Water AuthoritySan Diego County Water Authority

Metropolitan Transit System and North Metropolitan Transit System and North County Transit DistrictCounty Transit District

Port AuthorityPort Authority

Business and Business and Service PlanningService Planning

Business and Service PlanningBusiness and Service Planning

Retailing applications perform the following functionsRetailing applications perform the following functions

OperationalOperational– Day-to-day processing of routine transactions and Day-to-day processing of routine transactions and

inventory analysis (e.g., stock management)inventory analysis (e.g., stock management)

TacticalTactical– Allocation of resources to address specific Allocation of resources to address specific

problems (e.g., store sales promotions)problems (e.g., store sales promotions)

StrategicStrategic– Contribute to longer-term goals and mission, Contribute to longer-term goals and mission,

(e.g., entail problems such as opening new store)(e.g., entail problems such as opening new store)

GeodemographicsGeodemographics

Indicators of consumer behavior available at Indicators of consumer behavior available at small-level geography (e.g., CT or ZIP)small-level geography (e.g., CT or ZIP)

Identify variations in the incidences of Identify variations in the incidences of customer typescustomer types

Often supplemented by Often supplemented by lifestylelifestyle data, such data, such as shopping habits or consumption choicesas shopping habits or consumption choices

Market area analysisMarket area analysis

Assess the distribution of retail outlets Assess the distribution of retail outlets relative to the greatest concentrations of relative to the greatest concentrations of potential customerspotential customers

Increasing field/service in many types of Increasing field/service in many types of agencies, public and privateagencies, public and private

Improves public service planning in health, Improves public service planning in health, education and law enforcementeducation and law enforcement

Geodemographics used as basis for analysisGeodemographics used as basis for analysis

Examples of Business Examples of Business and Service Planningand Service Planning

GIS applicationsGIS applications

Market area analysis # 1Market area analysis # 1

City of Escondido abandoned Kmart siteCity of Escondido abandoned Kmart site

City contacted SANDAG to assist with the City contacted SANDAG to assist with the sale and redevelopment of abandoned sitesale and redevelopment of abandoned site

19 acre site, located on Mission Avenue next 19 acre site, located on Mission Avenue next to State Route 78, vacant since March 2003 to State Route 78, vacant since March 2003

Land planned for redevelopment: Mixed-use Land planned for redevelopment: Mixed-use commercial and residentialcommercial and residential

Escondido abandoned Kmart siteEscondido abandoned Kmart site

MethodMethodDemographic data gathered to “profile” areaDemographic data gathered to “profile” area– Current and forecasted demographic and Current and forecasted demographic and

economic data (population, median economic data (population, median income) aggregated for a 10 mile radius of income) aggregated for a 10 mile radius of sitesite

Maps produced to display neighboring land Maps produced to display neighboring land uses, future plans, and area characteristicsuses, future plans, and area characteristics– Existing land use, general plan, and Existing land use, general plan, and

population and housing densitypopulation and housing density

Escondido abandoned Kmart siteEscondido abandoned Kmart site

ResultResult

Data used to predict the success of Data used to predict the success of – New commercial development in local New commercial development in local

market area, market area, – Sale of new housing units (based on Sale of new housing units (based on

similar house values) similar house values) – As marketing toolAs marketing tool

Market area analysis # 2Market area analysis # 2Tesco Grocery retailer in UKTesco Grocery retailer in UK

Success through:Success through:

1.1. Strategic diversification Strategic diversification

2.2. Store loyalty card program (e.g, Ralph’s club card)Store loyalty card program (e.g, Ralph’s club card)– Rewards members with coupons Rewards members with coupons – Generates Generates lifestyleslifestyles data (identify consumption data (identify consumption

profiles)profiles)– Identify whether customers are “value” or Identify whether customers are “value” or

“quality” driven“quality” driven– Powerful marketing toolPowerful marketing tool

3.3. Acquisition of smaller neighborhood storesAcquisition of smaller neighborhood stores

Market analysis suburban Tesco storeMarket analysis suburban Tesco store

MethodMethod

Traditionally, leaflet drops or enclosure with free Traditionally, leaflet drops or enclosure with free local newspaperslocal newspapers

With GIS, identify all households within a 1 km With GIS, identify all households within a 1 km radius of storeradius of store

Two optionsTwo options

1.1. Each address sent a flyer with coupons Each address sent a flyer with coupons oror

2.2. Refine by overlaying geodemographic and Refine by overlaying geodemographic and lifestyleslifestyles data onto target area data onto target area

Tailor coupon offerings to consumption patterns: Tailor coupon offerings to consumption patterns: Beer or champagne couponsBeer or champagne coupons

Market analysis suburban Tesco storeMarket analysis suburban Tesco store

ResultResult

Money saved on number of flyers (not) Money saved on number of flyers (not) distributed distributed

Saved printing costsSaved printing costs

Saved treesSaved trees

Local private and nonprofit firms Local private and nonprofit firms using GISusing GIS

Workforce PartnershipWorkforce Partnership

BMJ MarketingBMJ Marketing

American Cancer SocietyAmerican Cancer Society

Gemnological Institute of AmericaGemnological Institute of America

YMCAYMCA

North County Health ServicesNorth County Health Services

Economic Planning SystemsEconomic Planning Systems


Deal with movement of goods and people Deal with movement of goods and people from one place to another and infrastructure from one place to another and infrastructure (highways, railroads, canals) that moves (highways, railroads, canals) that moves themthem


Logistics Companies (e.g., parcel delivery Logistics Companies (e.g., parcel delivery and shipping)and shipping)– Addresses the shipping and transportation Addresses the shipping and transportation

of goodsof goods– Organize operations, parcel routing, Organize operations, parcel routing,

origins and destinationsorigins and destinations– Where to put sorting warehouses and Where to put sorting warehouses and

transfer facilitiestransfer facilities


Transportation AuthoritiesTransportation Authorities– New routesNew routes– Where to buildWhere to build– Highway conditionsHighway conditions


Transit AuthoritiesTransit Authorities– Plan routes and schedulesPlan routes and schedules– keep track of vehicles and incidents that keep track of vehicles and incidents that

delay themdelay them– Provide information to travelersProvide information to travelers

All fields employ GIS applications to handle All fields employ GIS applications to handle day-to-day operationsday-to-day operations

Applications overviewApplications overview

Each has two partsEach has two parts

StaticStatic– Deals with fixed infrastructureDeals with fixed infrastructure

DynamicDynamic– Deals with vehicles, goods, and people Deals with vehicles, goods, and people

that move on static partthat move on static part

TransportationTransportation

Historically, GIS easier to apply to static partHistorically, GIS easier to apply to static part

Today, use of GPS Today, use of GPS – Track vehicles as they moveTrack vehicles as they move– Transit authorities use to inform users of Transit authorities use to inform users of

buses and trainsbuses and trains– Deal with emergency incidents occuring Deal with emergency incidents occuring

on transportation networks (OnStar)on transportation networks (OnStar)

LogisticsLogistics

GIS helped many service and delivery companies to GIS helped many service and delivery companies to reduce operating costs in fieldreduce operating costs in fieldOptimizationOptimization– Design of solutions to meet specified objectivesDesign of solutions to meet specified objectives– E.g., A delivery company needs to deliver parcels E.g., A delivery company needs to deliver parcels

to 200 locations in one shift, dividing work to 200 locations in one shift, dividing work between 10 trucksbetween 10 trucks

– Different ways of dividing the work, and routing Different ways of dividing the work, and routing vehicles, can result in differences in time & costvehicles, can result in differences in time & cost

GIS logistics applications determine optimal routes GIS logistics applications determine optimal routes based on shortest distances, time of day, traffic based on shortest distances, time of day, traffic volumevolume

Example of Transportation Example of Transportation GIS applicationGIS application

Planning for emergency evacuationPlanning for emergency evacuation

Overview Overview

Tool allows neighborhoods to rate potential Tool allows neighborhoods to rate potential for problems associated with evaluationfor problems associated with evaluation

Develop plans accordinglyDevelop plans accordingly– Uses GIS database on distribution of Uses GIS database on distribution of

population in neighborhoodspopulation in neighborhoods– Street patternsStreet patterns

Result: Evacuation vulnerability mapResult: Evacuation vulnerability map– Assumes worst-case scenario for locationAssumes worst-case scenario for location

Planning for emergency evacuationPlanning for emergency evacuation

How it worksHow it worksAssumes one vehicle to evacuate each Assumes one vehicle to evacuate each householdhouseholdLooks further than household location (cul-Looks further than household location (cul-de-sac? Street have only one exit?) to locate de-sac? Street have only one exit?) to locate bottlenecksbottlenecks– E.g., Densely packed neighborhood, single E.g., Densely packed neighborhood, single

exit = massive evacuation problemexit = massive evacuation problemResulting maps draw attention to areas of Resulting maps draw attention to areas of potential problemspotential problems

Evacuation vulnerability mapEvacuation vulnerability map

MethodMethod

Two types data for analysisTwo types data for analysis– Population and household counts, number Population and household counts, number

of vehicles (Census)of vehicles (Census)– Street centerline files (Census TIGER and Street centerline files (Census TIGER and

USGS)USGS)– Both freeBoth free

Evacuation vulnerability mapEvacuation vulnerability map

AnalysisAnalysis

Begins at every street intersection, works Begins at every street intersection, works outwards following street connections to outwards following street connections to reach new intersectionsreach new intersections

Every connection tested for bottleneck (total Every connection tested for bottleneck (total number of vehicles/number of exit lanes)number of vehicles/number of exit lanes)

After all streets tested, worst-case value After all streets tested, worst-case value (vehicles per lane) assigned, resulting in (vehicles per lane) assigned, resulting in network of valuesnetwork of values

Local agencies working with Local agencies working with transportation GIStransportation GIS

CaltransCaltrans

RBF ConsultingRBF Consulting

Katz Okitsu & Assoc. Katz Okitsu & Assoc.

CH2MHILLCH2MHILL

Parsons and Wilbur Smith. Parsons and Wilbur Smith.


Drove some of earliest GIS applicationsDrove some of earliest GIS applications

CGIS driven by need for policies over land CGIS driven by need for policies over land useuse


Applications used to Applications used to

Measure land area for effective strategiesMeasure land area for effective strategies

Monitor land use change through remote Monitor land use change through remote sensing (loss of forest in Amazon basin)sensing (loss of forest in Amazon basin)

Compare environmental conditions Compare environmental conditions prevailing in different nationsprevailing in different nations

Common applicationCommon application

How urban sprawl occursHow urban sprawl occurs

To understand environmental consequences and To understand environmental consequences and predict future onespredict future ones

Based on historic patterns of growthBased on historic patterns of growth– Location of roadsLocation of roads– Steep slopes and other undevelopable landsSteep slopes and other undevelopable lands– Other factors that encourage/restrict developmentOther factors that encourage/restrict development

Each presented on map as GIS layerEach presented on map as GIS layer

Software simulates the processes that drive growthSoftware simulates the processes that drive growth

Simulation modelsSimulation models

Dynamic simulation modelsDynamic simulation models– Computer programs design to simulate the Computer programs design to simulate the

operation of some part of human or operation of some part of human or environmental system over timeenvironmental system over time

– Soil erosionSoil erosion– Forest growthForest growth– Groundwater movementGroundwater movement– RunoffRunoff

Example of an Environmental Example of an Environmental GIS applicationGIS application

Deforestation on Sibuyan IslandDeforestation on Sibuyan Island

Sibuyan Island, Philippines OverviewSibuyan Island, Philippines Overview

Problem: Deforestation poses major threat to Problem: Deforestation poses major threat to biodiversitybiodiversity

Objective: Identify development scenarios to Objective: Identify development scenarios to anticipate future land use and habitant change, and anticipate future land use and habitant change, and as a result anticipate changes in biodiversityas a result anticipate changes in biodiversity– Sibuyan small island (area 283 sq mi), steep Sibuyan small island (area 283 sq mi), steep

forested mountain slopes, coastal land used for forested mountain slopes, coastal land used for agriculture, mining and human settlementagriculture, mining and human settlement

– Biodiversity: 700 plant species (54 only occur in Biodiversity: 700 plant species (54 only occur in Sibuyan)Sibuyan)


MethodMethod

QualitativeQualitative– List of factors influencing to land use patternsList of factors influencing to land use patterns

– E.g., suitability of soil for agriculture (ideal or E.g., suitability of soil for agriculture (ideal or not) can increase likelihood that area will be not) can increase likelihood that area will be stripped of forest and used for agriculturestripped of forest and used for agriculture

Quantitative GIS-based analysisQuantitative GIS-based analysis

– Calculates the probabilities of land use Calculates the probabilities of land use transition under three scenarios of land use transition under three scenarios of land use changechange


Quantitative GIS-based analysisQuantitative GIS-based analysis

Scenario 1: Assumes no effective protection of Scenario 1: Assumes no effective protection of forests on islandforests on island

Scenario 2: Protection of the designated natural Scenario 2: Protection of the designated natural park alonepark alone

Scenario 3: Assumes protection not only of Scenario 3: Assumes protection not only of natural park but a GIS-defined buffer zonenatural park but a GIS-defined buffer zone


TechniquesTechniques

Digitizing of land features and classification Digitizing of land features and classification of imagery to obtain a land use mapof imagery to obtain a land use map

Correlation and regression analysis between Correlation and regression analysis between location factors and land uselocation factors and land use

GIS simulates scenarios of future land use GIS simulates scenarios of future land use change based on different spatial policieschange based on different spatial policies

Measures connectivity and fragmentation of Measures connectivity and fragmentation of forest, affecting ability of species to mix and forest, affecting ability of species to mix and breed without disturbancebreed without disturbance


Results Results

3 land use change scenarios (maps) 3 land use change scenarios (maps)

Show decreasing deforestation (increasing Show decreasing deforestation (increasing connectivity, decreasing fragmentation), connectivity, decreasing fragmentation), respectively, from Scenario 1 to 3respectively, from Scenario 1 to 3

Local environmental agencies Local environmental agencies working with GISworking with GIS

AMEC EnvironmentalAMEC Environmental

KEA EnvironmentalKEA Environmental

DUDEKDUDEK

EnviroMINE, Inc EnviroMINE, Inc

PBS&J PBS&J

TAICTAIC

HDRHDR

GIS and the InternetGIS and the InternetThrough Internet map server technology, Through Internet map server technology, spatial data can be accessed and analyzedspatial data can be accessed and analyzed

Current wildfire perimeters are displayed with a standard web Current wildfire perimeters are displayed with a standard web browser, allowing fire managers to better respond to fires while in browser, allowing fire managers to better respond to fires while in the field and helping homeowners to take precautionary measuresthe field and helping homeowners to take precautionary measures

GIS and the InternetGIS and the Internet

Google Earth allows you to view or “fly to” Google Earth allows you to view or “fly to” areas, find businesses and get directionsareas, find businesses and get directions

ReviewReview1.1. List the four main GIS software vendors.List the four main GIS software vendors.2.2. AutoDesk is the strongest GIS company in military, infrastructure and utility. AutoDesk is the strongest GIS company in military, infrastructure and utility.

(T/F)(T/F)3.3. Intergraph’s GIS product line is GeoMedia. (T/F)Intergraph’s GIS product line is GeoMedia. (T/F)4.4. Smallworld is alive and going strong. (T/F)Smallworld is alive and going strong. (T/F)5.5. Desktop GIS software focuses on data creation. (T/F)Desktop GIS software focuses on data creation. (T/F)6.6. Smartphone is a ______ GIS software system.Smartphone is a ______ GIS software system.7.7. Server GIS software has the highest number of users. (T/F)Server GIS software has the highest number of users. (T/F)8.8. What are the four traditional fields of GIS applications?What are the four traditional fields of GIS applications?9.9. List three reasons more organizations are using GIS applications.List three reasons more organizations are using GIS applications.10.10. A A Management/Policy-MakingManagement/Policy-Making application is an example of Business and application is an example of Business and

Public Service applications. (T/F)Public Service applications. (T/F)11.11. Indicators of consumer behavior available at small-level geography is the Indicators of consumer behavior available at small-level geography is the

definition of _____.definition of _____.12.12. ______ and _____ deal with movement of goods and people from one place to ______ and _____ deal with movement of goods and people from one place to

another and infrastructure that moves them.another and infrastructure that moves them.13.13. Urban sprawl is a common application in this area of GIS.Urban sprawl is a common application in this area of GIS.14.14. Sibuyan is a desert in northern Africa. (T/F)Sibuyan is a desert in northern Africa. (T/F)15.15. What traditional fields helped define GIS?What traditional fields helped define GIS?

Remainder of ClassRemainder of Class

BreakBreak

LabLab– ESRI Products pageESRI Products page– Google Earth Google Earth – ESRI Chapter 3ESRI Chapter 3

ESRI Products OverviewESRI Products Overview

1.1. Briefly describe the difference in Briefly describe the difference in functionalities between ArcExplorer, functionalities between ArcExplorer, ArcReader, and ArcView.ArcReader, and ArcView.

2.2. List the software names that can be List the software names that can be downloaded for free.downloaded for free.

GIS Software, Applications and the Internet Class 2 GISG 110.

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