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GIS Professional Certification 2.0: Putting GIS to the Test€¦ · development (or equivalent)...
Transcript of GIS Professional Certification 2.0: Putting GIS to the Test€¦ · development (or equivalent)...
GIS Professional Certification 2.0:
Putting GIS to the Test Prepared by Nancy Obermeyer, Rebecca Somers, Bill Hodge
Presented By: Nancy J. Obermeyer, GISP
ILGISA Date: October 17, 2016
Nancy Obermeyer BA, MPA, Indiana University
MA in Geography, University of Cincinnati PhD in Geography, University of Chicago
NCGIA-Maine 1988-1990
Worked in Illinois: IL State Office of Planning, Dept of Energy
& Natural Resources; PACE; and Illinois Dept of Transportation, Public Transit Division
Visiting Professor at UIC – CUPPA (2000-2001)
Professor of Geography, Indiana State University since 1990
GISP 2.0: Putting GIS to the Test
Presentation Outline
The GISP: A brief history
GISP 1.0: Portfolio requirements
GISP 2.0: The exam
Practice questions
The GISP: A Brief History
• 1991 AAG Panel: “Is GIS a new (academic) discipline?”
– Bob Aangeenbrug (organizer), Mike Goodchild, Derek Gregory, David Cowen, Robert Sack
– General consensus: GIS does not stand alone as a discipline
The GISP: A Brief History
• My take (and my 1992 AAG presentation)
– “… while GIS does not qualify as a discipline, it does possess the characteristics of a profession.”*
– Suggested that GIS community explore creation of a new professional organization
– Suggested certification process**
*N. Obermeyer 1994. “GIS: A New Profession?” The Professional Geographer, 46(4) pp. 498-503.
** N. Obermeyer 1993 “Certifying GIS Professionals: Challenges and Alternatives,” Journal of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association (5:1),pp. 67-76.
The GISP: A Brief History • Characteristics of a profession
– Based on Max Weber*, D.L. Pugh**
• Unique body of knowledge (expertise)
• Rising professional organization (AAG, GIS/LIS,URISA, ACSM, AM/FM International, ASPRS)
• Shared language (GIS, raster, vector, DLG) – jargon?
• Professional Culture and Lore (recent passing of Roger Tomlinson, for example)
• Code of Ethics
*M. Weber. 1946. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (translated by H.H. Gerth & C.W Mills). New York: Oxford University Press.
**D.L. Pugh. 1989. “Professionalism in Public Administration: Problems, perspectives, and the role of ASPA,” Public Administration Review 49:1-8.
The GISP: A Brief History
• Growing interest—pros and cons of GIS certification*
– Bob Aangeenbrug, Mike Goodchild, Bill Huxhold, Karen Kemp, Rebecca Somers, Lyna Wiggins, David DiBiase, Nancy Obermeyer, others
• GIS as a professional identity
• Certification for protection of the public * e.g.; Rebecca Somers, 2000, "Defining the GIS Profession, and Debating Certification and Regulation, in Geo Info Systems, May 2000, pp. 22-29. http://www.spectroscopyonline.com/spectroscopy/data/articlestandard/geospatialsolutions/362002/30439/article.pdf
The GISP: A Brief History
• New motivation
– Move by licensed surveyors to pass laws to require surveying licensure for GIS professionals working with public data (North Carolina, for example) in mid-to-late 1990s
The GISP: A Brief History
• 1997 URISA BoD created certification committee – Chairs: Nancy Obermeyer (1998-2001); Bill Huxhold,
(2001-2003)
– Members from public organizations, industry, academia • Bob Angeenbrug, Heather Annulis, Bob Barr, William Bowdy,
Judy Boyd, Al Butler, Tim Case, Roger Chamard, Will Craig, David DiBiase, Peirce Eichelberger, Joe Ferreira, Keith Fournier, Steven French, Cindy Gaudet, Josh Greenfield, Ann Johnson, Karen Kemp, Jury Konga, Joel Morrison, Sherman Payne, Michael Renslow, Warren Roberts, Mark Salling, Joe Sewash, Rebecca Somers, Curt Sumner, Geney Terry, Eugene Turner, Barry Waite, Lynda Wayne, Suzanne Wechsler, Elaine Whitehead, Lyna Wiggins, Thomas Wikle
The GISP: A Brief History
• GISCI became a reality in 2004
– GIS Professionals are more than just casual users
– Defines and qualifies the profession to protect its stakeholders from people who claim to have expertise but do not actually have this knowledge
• Original GISCI board members: Linda Wayne (Pres.); Peirce Eichelberger, Nancy Obermeyer, Bill Huxhold, Karen Kemp, Doug Richardson, Cy Smith, Tom Tribble, Lyna Wiggins
• Membership in GISCI based on organizations with GIS expertise and interests
Board Members
One of the strengths of GISCI has been the strong and diversified Board representation over the years!
Our current Board makeup reflects that same passion, experience, and service.
Board Members
Martin Roche GISP
GeoPlanning Services LLC
URISA Representative
Allen Ibaugh GISP
Data Transfer Solutions
URISA Representative
Board Members
Tony Simental GISP
W VA Office of GIS Coordination
NSGIC Representative
Steve Sharp GISP PMP
Dir Enterprise GIS, State of Vermont
NSGIC Representative
Board Members
Jeff Hamerlinck GISP Secretary
WY Geographic Information Science Center
UCGIS Representative
Dr. Helmut Kraenzle
James Madison University
UCGIS Representative
Board Members
John Kelmelis, PhD.
AAG
AAG Representative
Michael S. Scott, Ph.D. GISP
Salisbury University
AAG Representative
Board Members
Becky Shumate GISP Vice President
PennWell Publishing
GITA Representative
Terry Strahan
GITA Representative
Board Members
William (Bill) Coleman RPLS GISP
Coleman & Associates Land Surveying
GLIS Representative
Richard Smith, Ph.D
Texas A&M – Corpus Christi
GLIS Representative
The GISP: To test or not to test?
• To test or not to test?
– UCGIS Core Curriculum and Body of Knowledge under construction in 2004
– Multiple groups championing GIS
– GIS evolving at a rapid pace
• Portfolio review seen as a good starting point, given the active evolution of the GIS&T Body of Knowledge at that time
Portfolio Requirements
• Educational attainment
– Bachelor’s degree with some GIS courses(or equivalent)
• Professional experience
– Four years in GIS application or data development (or equivalent)
• Contributions to Profession
– Annual membership and modest participation in a GIS professional association (or equivalent)
Minimum Category Points
Educational Achievement 30 points
Professional Experience 60 points
Contributions to the Profession 8 points
Additional (Flex) Points in any of the three Categories:
52 points
Total = 150 points
Flex points allows one to make up for a lack in one category with an excess in another
Additional Requirements • Code of Ethics & Rules of Conduct
• Obligations to …
• Society
• Employers and Funders
• Colleagues and the Profession
• Individuals in Society
The GISP: A Brief History
• Pilot Group Certified: October 2003 – Georgia GIS (mostly)
• First Group Certified after Pilot: January 2004
• Nearly 6,000 GISPs as of November 6, 2014
ACTIVE GISPs: CERTIFICATION HISTORY
2016 – 8,000 +
2015 – 7,000+
2014 – 5,900
2012 – 5,159
2011 - 4,946
2010 - 4,729
2009 - 4,526
2008 – 3,224
2007 - 1,920
2006 - 1,375
2005 - 974
2004 - 552
2003 - PILOT 29
GISP Current Process
Initial GISP: Portfolio Requirement + Exam • Ethics Statement • 4 Years Min Geospatial Experience • Portfolio Application
• Education, Experience, Contributions • GISCI Geospatial Core Technical Knowledge Exam Required
GISP Current Process
GISP Current Process
Initial GISP Cost: • Application Fee - $ 100 • Portfolio Review Fee - $ 100 • Exam Fee - $ 250 • Exam Fee - $ 300 International • 3 Year Certification Period
GISP Current Process
Recertification: Portfolio Requirement • Education & Contributions Required • Experience • Exam Not Required for Recertification • Online Application • 3 Year Recertification Period
Recertification Process
GISP Current Process
Recertification Cost: • Annual Maintenance Fee - $ 95/year or • $ 285 as one payment • No Exam Required • 3 Year Certification Period • Recertification Application Online
The Exam: Background
• Why now?
– GIS Body of Knowledge has evolved and become more stable
– Strengthen the validity of the GISP certification
The Exam: Background
• Purpose
– To strengthen the GISP certification and advance the GIS Profession
– Bring GISP up to professional certification standards so that the GISP will be accreditable by organizations such as the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
– http://www.credentialingexcellence.org/ncca
– http://www.ansi.org/
Development of Exam
• Follows professional certification standards
• Based on Geospatial Technology Competency Model (GTCM) of the U.S. Department of Labor
– Fourth tier: Industry-wide technical competencies
– http://www.careeronestop.org/competencymodel/competency-models/geospatial-technology.aspx
Development of Exam
Exam Creation History Aug 2012 - GISCI Board Selects Exam Development Project Mgr Nov 2015 - Inaugural Exam Deployment Summer 2016 - Exam Testing Window Fall 2016 - Exam Testing Window
Exam Creation
• Written by GISPs for GISP
• Composed at a 4 Year Experience Level
• Centered on Applied Knowledge
Exam Creation Considerations
MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS
• The Exam is required in addition to the Portfolio Process • Implementation took place November 2015 • Two Exam offerings scheduled for 2016 • All GISPs are considered equal • No Exam required for renewal • Students can test at the time they graduate or before
The Exam: Background
• The portfolio review will remain
– GISPs must still pass the portfolio review
• The exam added this year (2016)
– GISPs will be required to pass the certification exam
– “pass/fail”
Exam Creation Process
EXAM BLUEPRINT: Exam Components
Knowledge Category Conceptual Foundations 12% Cartography & Visualization 14 % GIS Design Aspects & Data Modeling 29% GIS Analytical Methods 17% Data Manipulation 15% Geospatial Data 13%
Exam to be offered every 6 months
GIS&T Body of Knowledge
US DOL; http://www.careeronestop.org/competencymodel/pyramid.aspx?GEO=Y
Development of Exam
• Steps in exam development
– Validity study--Job analysis
– Exam Blueprint Development
– Item (Question) Writing (finished)
– Exam Construction
– Pilot Exam
– Standard Setting
Development of Exam
• Job analysis (September - November 2013)
– Involved input from hundreds of GIS Professional job incumbents from full range of GIS jobs and sectors
– Identify core technical tasks and knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) for GIS Professional jobs
– Tasks and KSAs are linked together
– Tasks and KSAs ranked via an extensive survey
– Consideration of GIS&T Body of Knowledge included
Development of Exam
• Exam Blueprint Development (Nov-Dec 2013)
– Derived from the Job Analysis results
– Lays out content of exam
– Indicates task-related knowledge areas that will be included on the exam and the extent to which they are covered
Future Direction
• Exam Maintenance & Updating • GISP Certification Specializations • International Growth • Benefit to Member Organizations • Increased participation - 20,000 GISPs by
2024?
Exam Creation Process
EXAM BLUEPRINT: Exam Components
• Knowledge Category Weight
• Conceptual Foundations 12%
• Cartography & Visualization 14%
• GIS Design Aspects & Data Modeling 29%
• GIS Analytical Methods 17%
• Data Manipulation 15%
• Geospatial Data 13%
Exam Components Knowledge Category: Conceptual Foundations (12%) Knowledge of….
• Spatial relationships that are relevant to geospatial data analysis (e.g., distance, direction, topology)
• Standard standard spatial data models – Vector, raster, object-oriented models
• Understanding conceptual foundations on which GIS is based
– Imprecision, uncertainty, representing change over time
• Knowledge of Earth geometry – Geoids, ellipsoids, spheres
• Knowledge of georeferencing systems – Coordinate systems, spatial projections, horizontal and
vertical datums
Exam Components Knowledge Category: Cartography & Visualization (14%) Knowledge of…
• Contour mapping • Basic physical geography
– Types of boundaries, continents, landforms, topography
• How data collection methods influence map design & representation
• Principles of map design – Symbolization, color use, typography in print & digital formats
• Graphic representation techniques – Thematic mapping, multivariate displays, web mapping
• Understand how data classification and/or symbolization techniques affects the message of thematic map
Exam Components Knowledge Category: GIS Design Aspects & Data Modeling (29%) Knowledge of….
• Data exchange procedures • Security restrictions on data • Database administration • Systems architecture & design • Enterprise environment • Schemas and domains and how they interact • Digital file management • Database design
continued on next slide . . . . .
Exam Components Continued from previous slide . . . . . Knowledge Category: GIS Design Aspects & Data Modeling (29%) Knowledge of….
• Database general structure (tables and data) • Geospatial data structure (topology rules) • Understand desktop, server, enterprise, hosted
applications – Benefits AND shortcomings
• Working knowledge of GIS hardware & software capabilities
– Application servers, data servers, storage devices, workstations
• Data models, including vector, raster, grid, TIN, topological, hierarchical, network, and object-oriented
Exam Component
Knowledge Category: GIS Analytical Methods (17%) Knowledge of….
• Overlay analysis • Planar geometry (points, lines, polygons) to needed to
convert real world examples into spatial features • Algebra (deriving values from a basic formula) • Statistics (descriptives, summary statistics, R-squared) • Basic programming
– Scripting, object-oriented, query, extensible
• Rastor/vector principles • Scales
– Visual, verbal, relative, absolute, physical, display vs. data
• Units of measurement – Conversion and angular vs. metric
Exam Component Knowledge Category : Data Manipulation (15%) Knowledge of…..
• Selection queries – Attribute, spatial, location
• Different data types and formats – SHP, GDB, Coverage, DGN, TXT and IMG – Spatial, rendered, tabular
• Data relationships – One-to-many, and many-to-many
• Data collection, transfer, and format conversion – Export formats, properties, settings
• Data quality – Geometric accuracy, thematic accuracy, resolution,
precision, and fitness for use
Exam Component
Knowledge Category: Geospatial Data (13%) Knowledge of….
• Metadata and standards – ISO, FGDC
• Data archiving and retrieval • Differences among join, merge, union, clip, intersect • Basic geomatics • Basic field data collection
Development of Exam
• Item (Question) Writing (March-April 2014)
– GIS Professionals are carefully selected to represent range of jobs and sectors in industry
– Selected GIS Professionals trained in test item writing by professional test developers
– The GIS Professionals write the exam questions in a workshop setting
– Each question goes through several iterations of review and rewriting before it becomes part of the final exam
Explain theoretical concepts related to professional nursing practices.
Understanding Remembering
Applying Analyzing
Evaluating Creating
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Test questions cover many levels of learning.
Sample Questions (from GISCI Geospatial Core Technical Knowledge Exam Preparation Information, June 2016)
• Which is an example of an analog-to-digital conversion?
– A. Scanning a map document to JPG format
– B. Creating centroids from a polygon file
– C. Transforming a GIF to a TIF
– D. Importing a DXF
Sample Questions
• Which is an example of an analog-to-digital conversion?
– A. Scanning a map document to JPG format
– B. Creating centroids from a polygon file
– C. Transforming a GIF to a TIF
– D. Importing a DXF
Sample Questions
• Which of the following is NOT a component of the OGC geometry object model?
– A. Point
– B. Curve
– C. Surface
– D. Chain
Sample Questions
• Which of the following is NOT a component of the OGC geometry object model?
– A. Point
– B. Curve
– C. Surface
– D. Chain
Sample Questions
• Which is the most effective method for maintaining data quality to ensure that no line features of a stream center line layer intersect the polygon feature of a land cover layer?
– A. Overlay
– B. Topology
– C. Clip
– D. Intersect
Sample Questions
• Which is the most effective method for maintaining data quality to ensure that no line features of a stream center line layer intersect the polygon feature of a land cover layer?
– A. Overlay
– B. Topology
– C. Clip
– D. Intersect
Sample Questions
• According to the National Map Accuracy Standards, what percentage of features must be within 1/30 of an inch or less from their intended horizontal accuracy on maps with scales of 1:20,000 or larger?
– A. 5%
– B. 10%
– C. 90%
– D. 95%
Sample Questions
• According to the National Map Accuracy Standards, what percentage of features must be within 1/30 of an inch or less from their intended horizontal accuracy on maps with scales of 1:20,000 or larger?
– A. 5%
– B. 10%
– C. 90%
– D. 95%
Sample Questions
• Which are compression techniques for raster data? Select all that apply.
– A. Lattice
– B. Pyramids
– C. Quad trees
– D. Run length encoding
Sample Questions
• Which are compression techniques for raster data? Select all that apply.
– A. Lattice
– B. Pyramids
– C. Quad trees
– D. Run length encoding
Sample Questions
• Which definition of GIS is correct? Select all that apply.
– A. GIS is a toolbox.
– B. GIS is an information system.
– C. GIS is big business.
– D. GIS is an approach to science.
Remaining questions are from Keith Clarke’s online GIS exam
http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/ ͂kcarke/G!&^/midterm.html
Sample Questions
• Which definition of GIS is correct? Select all that apply.
– A. GIS is a toolbox.
– B. GIS is an information system.
– C. GIS is big business.
– D. GIS is an approach to science.
Remaining questions are from Keith Clarke’s online GIS exam
http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/ ͂kcarke/G!&^/midterm.html
Sample Questions
• Examples of points, lines, and areas (polygons) in the feature model for GIS data are…
– A. wetlands, ponds, and parks
– B. trees, loggers, and, and lumber mills
– C. Jeep trails, highways, and zip codes
– D. oil wells, oil pipelines, and oil fields.
Sample Questions
• Examples of points, lines, and areas (polygons) in the feature model for GIS data are…
– A. wetlands, ponds, and parks
– B. trees, loggers, and, and lumber mills
– C. Jeep trails, highways, and zip codes
– D. oil wells, oil pipelines, and oil fields.
GISCI is continuing to develop its online exam preparation.
– You can find additional sample questions online
• Professor Keith Clarke, University of California at Santa Barbara
– http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/ ͂kcarke/G!&^/midterm.html
• Professor Ken Foote, University of Colorado – http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/exam/exam.html
– Note: these practice exams are from introductory GIS classes that these two reputable professors teach.
Sample Questions
• The flat file model consists of…
– A. Tables of values for attributes (rows) and records (columns)
– B. Tables of values for attributes (columns) and records (rows)
– C. Tables of attributes for values (rows) and records (columns)
– D. Tables of records for rows of columns for values.
Sample Questions
• The flat file model consists of…
– A. Tables of values for attributes (rows) and records (columns)
– B. Tables of values for attributes (columns) and records (rows)
– C. Tables of attributes for values (rows) and records (columns)
– D. Tables of records for rows of columns for values.
Sample Questions
• Three models that have been used by cartography and geodesy over time are…
– A. Elipsoid, sphere, and geoid
– B. Circle, cone, and cylinder
– C. Ellipsoid, spheroid, and geode
– D. Prolate spheroid, oblate cylindrical, and geoid
Sample Questions
• Three models that have been used by cartography and geodesy over time are…
– A. Elipsoid, sphere, and geoid
– B. Circle, cone, and cylinder
– C. Ellipsoid, spheroid, and geode
– D. Prolate spheroid, oblate cylindrical, and geoid
Sample Questions
• An example of a datum NOT used in mapping is….
– A. NAD27
– B. WGS84
– C. Mean Wave Height
– D. GRS80
– E. Mean Sea Level
Sample Questions
• An example of a datum NOT used in mapping is….
– A. NAD27
– B. WGS84
– C. Mean Wave Height
– D. GRS80
– E. Mean Sea Level
Sample Questions
• Which statement about map projections is TRUE?
– A. No map projection can be both equivalent and conformal.
– B. All map projections are conformal.
– C. UTM has a line of minimal distortion along a parallel.
– D. UTM has no distortion within a zone.
Sample Questions
• Which statement about map projections is TRUE?
– A. No map projection can be both equivalent and conformal.
– B. All map projections are conformal.
– C. UTM has a line of minimal distortion along a parallel.
– D. UTM has no distortion within a zone.
Sample Questions
• At the scale of one to one million (1:1,000,000)….
– A. A map foot is equal to a ground yard.
– B. A map millimeter represents a ground meter.
– C. A map millimeter represents a ground kilometer.
– D. A map inch represents a ground mile.
Sample Questions
• At the scale of one to one million (1:1,000,000)….
– A. A map foot is equal to a ground yard.
– B. A map millimeter represents a ground meter.
– C. A map millimeter represents a ground kilometer.
– D. A map inch represents a ground mile.
Sample Questions
• Which of the following is probably a coordinate reference in geographic coordinates?
– A. 4,435,120m N; 123,987m E; 10, N
– B. 123 Elm Street, Goleta, California
– C. 18TWC8713
– D. -10.1259 176.3213
Sample Questions
• Which of the following is probably a coordinate reference in geographic coordinates?
– A. 4,435,120m N; 123,987m E; 10, N
– B. 123 Elm Street, Goleta, California
– C. 18TWC8713
– D. -10.1259 176.3213
Sample Questions
• Select all that apply.
To compare, overlay, or cross analyze two maps…
– A. Both maps must be depicted at the same scale.
– B. Both maps must be on the same coordinate system.
– C. Both maps must be in the same map projection.
– D. Both maps must be from the same year.
Sample Questions
• Select all that apply.
To compare, overlay, or cross analyze two maps…
– A. Both maps must be depicted at the same scale.
– B. Both maps must be on the same coordinate system.
– C. Both maps must be in the same map projection.
– D. Both maps must be from the same year.
Sample Questions
• What is important to know about attribute data entry. Select all that apply.
– A. The data type (e.g., text, whole number, etc)
– B. Which attribute is the key
– C. The range of the value (e.g., between one and a hundred)
– D. How to code missing values
Sample Questions
• What is important to know about attribute data entry. Select all that apply.
– A. The data type (e.g., text, whole number, etc)
– B. Which attribute is the key
– C. The range of the value (e.g., between one and a hundred)
– D. How to code missing values
Sample Questions
• The part of a GIS Database Management System that stores all information about the attributes and records, but not their specific values is…
– A. The attribute record.
– B. The data dictionary.
– C. The data entry module.
– D. The data range.
Sample Questions
• The part of a GIS Database Management System that stores all information about the attributes and records, but not their specific values is…
– A. The attribute record.
– B. The data dictionary.
– C. The data entry module.
– D. The data range.
Sample Questions
• Which statement is FALSE?
– A. In the vector data structure, points make of lines and lines enclose areas.
– B. Vector data structures need separate files to hold point, line, and area information.
– C. Vector data structures suffer from the mixed pixel problem.
– D. In the vector data structure, a complex line can be captured with more points, and so, more detail.
Sample Questions
• Which statement is FALSE?
– A. In the vector data structure, points make of lines and lines enclose areas.
– B. Vector data structures need separate files to hold point, line, and area information.
– C. Vector data structures suffer from the mixed pixel problem.
– D. In the vector data structure, a complex line can be captured with more points, and so, more detail.
Sample Questions
• Using a “water dominates” rule instead of “winner takes all” will result in…
– A. Cells coded as “edge.”
– B. More cells coded as water.
– C. Fewer cells coded as water.
– D. Worse resolution.
Sample Questions
• Using a “water dominates” rule instead of “winner takes all” will result in…
– A. Cells coded as “edge.”
– B. More cells coded as water.
– C. Fewer cells coded as water.
– D. Worse resolution.
Sample Questions
• Pointing to a feature on a map to retrieve its attributes is the same as which operation in a DBMS?
– A. Buffer
– B. Find
– C. Overlay
– D. Sort
Sample Questions
• Pointing to a feature on a map to retrieve its attributes is the same as which operation in a DBMS?
– A. Buffer
– B. Find
– C. Overlay
– D. Sort
Sample Questions
• SQL is…
– A. The Semi-Quotient Locator, a fuzzy set based human-GIS interactive process.
– B. Structured Query Language, a standardized language for the query of relational database managers and many GISs.
– C. Slightly Querulous Location, a type of GIS command line interpreter.
– D. The sequel to a GIS overlay operation, when data are “unvarying.”
Sample Questions
• SQL is…
– A. The Semi-Quotient Locator, a fuzzy set based human-GIS interactive process.
– B. Structured Query Language, a standardized language for the query of relational database managers and many GISs.
– C. Slightly Querulous Location, a type of GIS command line interpreter.
– D. The sequel to a GIS overlay operation, when data are “unvarying.”
Sample Questions
• Data about data are often called…
– A. A browse data base.
– B. The world-wide web.
– C. More data.
– D. Metadata.
Sample Questions
• Data about data are often called…
– A. A browse data base.
– B. The world-wide web.
– C. More data.
– D. Metadata.
Sample Questions
Select all that apply.
• The values for an attribute for a record can be…
– A. Numbers.
– B. Coded as missing.
– C. Text.
– D. Classes.
Sample Questions
Select all that apply.
• The values for an attribute for a record can be…
– A. Numbers.
– B. Coded as missing.
– C. Text.
– D. Classes.
Sample Questions
• In the latitude and longitude system (using degrees, minutes, seconds), 20 minutes is equal to…
– A. 1/20th of a degree.
– B. 200 seconds.
– C. 1/3 of a degree.
– D. 0.20 degrees.
Sample Questions
• In the latitude and longitude system (using degrees, minutes, seconds), 20 minutes is equal to…
– A. 1/20th of a degree.
– B. 200 seconds.
– C. 1/3 of a degree.
– D. 0.20 degrees.
Sample Questions
• You have an image that covers a rectangular area 8 kilometers wide by 6 kilometers hide. The image has 300 rows and 400 columns. What is the resolution of the image?
– A. 15 meter
– B. 20 meter
– C. 160 meter
– D. 480 meter
Sample Questions
• You have an image that covers a rectangular area 8 kilometers wide by 6 kilometers hide. The image has 300 rows and 400 columns. What is the resolution of the image?
– A. 15 meter
– B. 20 meter
– C. 160 meter
– D. 480 meter
Sample Questions
• A three dimensional data structure that uses vectors and topology is called…
– A. CAD
– B. IDRISI
– C. Sliver
– D. TIN
Sample Questions
• A three dimensional data structure that uses vectors and topology is called…
– A. CAD
– B. IDRISI
– C. Sliver
– D. TIN
Additional Sample Questions
– You can find additional sample questions online
• Professor Keith Clarke, University of California at Santa Barbara
– http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/ ͂kcarke/G!&^/midterm.html
• Professor Ken Foote, University of Colorado – http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/exam/exam.html
Reminder: these practice exams are associated with GIS classes that Professors Clarke and Foote teach, and are not designed for GISCI GISP exam.
Thank you! Nancy Obermeyer
Professor of Geography
Indiana State University
Terre Haute, IN 47809
812-2374351
For more information on the GISP exam: www.gisci.org
Bill Hodge, Executive Director [email protected]
Phone 847-824-7768 325-315-3251
or
Rebecca Somers, Exam Development PM [email protected]
703-204-0033