GIS Lecture 4 Geodatabasesdjjr-courses.wdfiles.com/local--files/soc128...GIS 5 Example Kaiser Family...
Transcript of GIS Lecture 4 Geodatabasesdjjr-courses.wdfiles.com/local--files/soc128...GIS 5 Example Kaiser Family...
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GIS 1
GIS Lecture 4 Geodatabases
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GIS 2
Outline •Administrative Data Example •Data Tables •Data Joins •Common Datasets •Spatial Joins •ArcCatalog •Geodatabases •Editing Tables •Excel Tips
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GIS 3
Administrative Data Example
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GIS 4
Administrative Data Mission
• What does the organization do? • Transaction event (who, what, where, when)
-must have spatial component
What data is available? • Databases • Spreadsheets
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GIS 5
Example Kaiser Family Foundation
•non-profit, private operating foundation focusing on the major health care issues facing the nation
•independent voice and source of facts and analysis for policymakers, the media, the health care community, and the general public
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GIS 6
Kaiser Family Foundation State Health Facts
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GIS 7
Collects Data on all 50 States •Demographics and the Economy •Health Status •Health Coverage and Uninsured •Medicaid and SCHIP •Medicare •Health Costs and Budgets •Managed Care and Health Insurance •Providers and Service Use •Minority Health •Women’s Health •HIV/AIDS
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GIS 8
Data Tables
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GIS 9
Download Data
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GIS 10
Download Data
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GIS 11
Open data in Excel
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GIS 12
Data in Excel
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GIS 13
Clean Data in Excel •Delete Unnecessary Data
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GIS 14
Save Database Saved as .CSV or .DBF
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GIS 15
Data Joins
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GIS 16
Add Data Table in ArcMap
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GIS 17
Add Shapefile
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GIS 18
Choose Fields to Join
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GIS 19
Join Data
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GIS 20
Fields Added to States Table
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GIS 21
Problems with Joins
Must remove dashes!
• Data in fields not exactly the same
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GIS 22
Common Problems with Joins •Different data field types
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GIS 23
Problems with Joins •Saving .DBF and .CSV files in Excel •Avoid special formats •Keep it simple
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GIS 24
Number Fields Important •Quantities
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GIS 25
Common Datasets
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GIS 26
Common Datasets U.S. Census Maps and U.S. Census Tables
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GIS 27
Common Datasets Zip Codes
-Use with U.S. Census data or Geocoding
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GIS 28
Place Geocodes: FIPS Codes Federal Information Processing Standards Codes
Developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Codes for Place Names Throughout the World •countries •states/provinces •counties •metropolitan statistical areas (MSA’s) •cities •places - indian reservations, airports, and post offices in the US
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GIS 29
Place Geocodes: Hierarchy
Country: US
FIPS CODES
County: 003 (Allegheny) State: 42 (Pennsylvania)
Tract: 0501
Block: 12 (US420030501312) Block Group: 3
CENSUS CODES
Minor Civil Division: 85188 (Wilkinsburg)
Parcel (Block & Lot#)
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GIS 30
Other Datasets •Contact agencies •Obtain data on-line
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GIS 31
Spatial Joins
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GIS 32
Spatial Joins Spatially count points within polygons Join tables using Shape field Join points to polygons or polygons to points
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GIS 33
Spatial Joins Join municipality name to points spatially
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GIS 34
Spatial Joins Resultant point layer (food points) now contains municipality information
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GIS 35
Aggregate Data Summarize on spatial join
- Counts the number of points (records) for each municipality
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GIS 36
Aggregate Data Resultant Table
- Count of points (food stores) in each polygon (municipality)
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GIS 37
Join Summary Table Join summary table of counts (based on municipality name from sum table) back to municipalities for labeling
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GIS 38
Label Counts Label the count of stores from the summary join
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GIS 39
Label Counts Show counts as a Choropleth Map
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GIS 40
Map with Points
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GIS 41
Map without Points
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GIS 42
ArcCatalog
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GIS 43
ArcCatalog
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GIS 44
Metadata
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GIS 45
Metadata
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GIS 46
Metadata
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GIS 47
Metadata
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GIS 48
Metadata
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GIS 49
Geodatabases
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GIS 50
Geodatabase •Represents geographic features and attributes as objects and is hosted inside a relational database management system
•Manages coverages, grids, and shapefiles inside a database management system, or DBMS
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GIS 51
Enterprise Geodatabases •Requires a ‘host’ DBMS
-SQL Server, Oracle, or IBM DB2
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GIS 52
Personal Geodatabases •Based on the Microsoft JET engine
-Appears as an .mdb file (Microsoft’s JET engine is also used by Microsoft Access).
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GIS 53
Geodatabase Advantages •Geodatabases have several important advantages over the traditional file-based GIS data models -Makes GIS datasets smarter -More accurately represent the shape of features -Provides a uniform and IT compliant repository for geographic data -Many users can edit geographic data simultaneously
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GIS 54
Geodatabases
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GIS 55
Importing Shapefiles into Geodatabases
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GIS 56
Importing Tables into Geodatabases
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GIS 57
dBASE and Tables
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GIS 58
dBASE Tables
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GIS 59
Editing Tables Field definitions edited in ArcCatalog Layers cannot be in use elsewhere
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GIS 60
Calculator Functions
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GIS 61
Calculator Functions
Not just for numeric fields
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GIS 62
Excel Tips and Tricks
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GIS 63
Excel Tips and Tricks •Formatting •Find and Replace •Transpose •MID Function •Concatenate
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GIS 64
Formatting and Replace •Delete any Excel formatting (e.g. borders, patterns, etc.)
•Delete unwanted text (e.g. word “tract”) -Find and replace
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GIS 65
Transpose Data •Transpose data
-Some census data saves data as rows instead of columns
-You need transpose the data so that tracts will be a column -Select your data in excel and go to Edit menu and select copy -Click on a cell outside of your selected data and go to edit menu to select paste special…
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Now you see the data transposed in the right way. All you need to do is to delete the original rows and save your file.
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Mid Function Sometimes, a simple replace won’t do for you to substring a column. In this case, you can use Excel’s mid function to get a subset of a value.
For example, if you have the following data want extract two letters in the middle, say 12 from the first row, and 13 from the second row, and so on, the Excel MID function is your choice.
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Mid Function You enter: =mid(A1,4,2) in the cell next to A1. What you tell excel to do is: From cell A1, extract 2 characters starting from the 4th character from left.
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Mid Function Then you copy and paste the formula from B1 to the rest of the column and you get what you need.
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Concatenate Strings Sometimes you need add certain string before or after a value, and sometimes you want to combine two values. The excel CONCATENATE function makes that happen for you.
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If you have the below dataset, and want to combine the state ID and county ID together as another variable and you want to make sure the new StateCountyID has the length of 5
For example, you want to add a “0” to State IDs that are only 1 character long, and you want add “00” to county IDs that that is 1 character long and “0” to those that are 2 characters.
Concatenate Strings
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Start by adding a new column right to StateID, and enter:
=IF(LEN(A2)=1,CONCATENATE(0,A2),A2)
What you tell excel is: if the length of the cell A2 is 1, add 0 before the original value, otherwise, keep the original value
Concatenate Strings
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After that, you copy and paste the formula to the rest of the column, and you will see the following result
Concatenate Strings
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Now let’s solve the problem for county ID. In the cell next to C2, you enter:
=IF(LEN(C2)=1,CONCATENATE("00",C2),IF(LEN(C2)=2,CONCATENATE("0",C2),C2))
What this tells excel is if the length of county ID is 1, add “00” before it, if the length is 2, add “0” before it, if the length is 3, keep the original
Concatenate Strings
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Now you copy and paste the formula to the rest of the column and you get the above result
Concatenate Strings
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Next, you create a new column called StateCountyID, and enter is the cell E2:
=concatenate(B2,D2)
By this, you are telling Excel to combine the two new columns that you created in the previous steps
Concatenate Strings
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Now you just need to copy and paste the formula to the rest of the column and you finally get what you want.
Concatenate Strings
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Other Excel Functions You might want to learn some other excel
functions that could help you clean the data, such as: • Right() • Left() • Exact()
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Summary •Administrative Data Example •Data Tables •Data Joins •Common Datasets •Spatial Joins •ArcCatalog •Geodatabases •Editing Tables •Excel Tips