GIS in Weather and Society Olga Wilhelmi Institute for the Study of Society and Environment National...
-
Upload
scarlett-lloyd -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of GIS in Weather and Society Olga Wilhelmi Institute for the Study of Society and Environment National...
GIS in Weather and SocietyGIS in Weather and Society
Olga WilhelmiInstitute for the Study of Society and Environment
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
GIS basic concepts
How GIS can be used in weather / society research and applications Current applications Emerging developments / potential use
Example Front Range Flash Flood Project
Breakout group and class discussions
GIS Science and Technology GIS Science and Technology
GIS Science University Consortium for geographic Information Science
(http://www.ucgis.org/) Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science
(http://www.csiss.org/) Weather, Climate and GIS: NCAR GIS Initiative
(http://www.gis.ucar.edu)
Industry ESRI, MapInfo, Informix, PCRaster. More than 3000 vendors
Standards Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Standards, specifications, middleware
People
ProceduresHardware
Data
Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems
Computer Mapping
Spatial Analysis
Database Management
Software
Analyze
Display
Output
Capture
Store
Query
Image courtesy of ESRI (http://www.esri.com)
Organizing Spatial Data in a GISOrganizing Spatial Data in a GIS
Geology
Population
Hydrology
Topography
Weather
Atmospheric Conditions
The “G” in GIS = GeographicThe “G” in GIS = Geographic
Capturing DataCapturing Data
Methods for inputting geographic (X,Y) and tabular (attribute) data
Vast collection of geographically referenced data already exists in digital format Resources on the Web
Satellite imagery, photography
Coordinates (X, Y) – weather station locations
Paper Maps
Storing DataStoring Data
Vector formats Discrete representation of reality
(points, lines, polygons)
Raster formats Use square cells to model reality
QueryQuery
Identifying specific features
Identifying and selecting features based on certain condition
AnalysisAnalysis
Proximity
Overlay
Network
Spatial Statistics
DisplayDisplay
Maps
Graphs
Reports
OutputOutput
Paper Maps
Images
Internet
Current use of GISCurrent use of GIS
Mapping: visualization of information
Data integration: integrating environmental and social data in a single framework allows to address interdisciplinary questions on weather-society interactions
Data analysis: exploration of spatial patterns, relationships, networks; spatial statistics
Data distribution: disseminating weather and climate science to broader audiences
Images courtesy of ESRI (http://www.esri.com)
From Static to DynamicFrom Static to Dynamic
Ongoing and emerging researchOngoing and emerging research
Spatial Interoperability Data formats Compatible Tools
Multidimensional GIS (temporal, NetCDF)
Scale Upscaling Downscaling
Interpolation methods
Standards
Investigating coupled systems
Impact assessment of earth system changes
Meteorological ObservationsMeteorological Observations
Radar mosaic and mobile surface temperature observations
Outputs from GCMs Outputs from GCMs
Vulnerability of agricultural production and High Plains aquifer’s depleting water resources to predicted climate change in the Great Plains
http://www.gisClimateChange.org
Impacts of permafrost thawing on Impacts of permafrost thawing on infrastructure: Siberiainfrastructure: Siberia
Potential applications for netCDF in Potential applications for netCDF in GISGIS
Mesoscale weather predictions
Impacts of extreme weather events
Verification of model outputs
Decision support and management
Integration of weather forecast with socio-economic data
WRF forecast of Katrina in a GISWRF forecast of Katrina in a GIS
Case StudyCase Study
A Flash Flood Risk Assessment of the A Flash Flood Risk Assessment of the Colorado Front Range Region Using GISColorado Front Range Region Using GIS
2005 SOARS project Braxton Edwards, University of Oklahoma (SOARS
protégé) Olga Wilhelmi and Rebecca Morss, NCAR (SOARS
mentors)
Problem Problem
Yearly average of $4.5 Billion damage and 98 deaths between 1983 and 2003
Damage due to floods continues to rise as the population and property at risk increases
Accurate risk assessments can aid in determining appropriate flood control, mitigation, and response strategies
Study Area - Colorado Front RangeStudy Area - Colorado Front Range
Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment
Risk = Exposure * Vulnerability
Exposure takes into account the environmental conditions or hazard
Vulnerability is a characteristic of a person or a group to cope with, resist and recover from a hazard
4. Methods
What is risk?
Risk = Exposure * Vulnerability
Use the risk equation to identify primary exposure and vulnerability factors contributing to the risk of flooding in the Front Range. Use GIS for data integration, analysis, and mapping of the flash flood risk zones in the Colorado Front Range region, and integrate the data with hydrological and statistical precipitation models.
ProximityProbabilityFrequencyIntensityDuration
Preparedness
Coping
Recovery
4. Methods
What is risk?
Risk = Exposure * Vulnerability
Use the risk equation to identify primary exposure and vulnerability factors contributing to the risk of flooding in the Front Range. Use GIS for data integration, analysis, and mapping of the flash flood risk zones in the Colorado Front Range region, and integrate the data with hydrological and statistical precipitation models.
ProximityProbabilityFrequencyIntensityDuration
Preparedness
Coping
Recovery
Demographic vulnerability
weighting
Total Vulnerability
Vulnerability AssessmentVulnerability Assessment
65_upHispanic
FemaleRenter
classification
Critical FacilitiesIdentify Vulnerability Factors
1 hour
3 hour
6 hour
Exposure
Exposure assessmentExposure assessment
Radar rainfall
FFG
Basin Average FFG
Watershed boundaries
Basin average rainfall
Watersheds
Total Risk
Fort Collins1,3, and 6 Hour Rain
Accumulation
Denver6 Hour Rain Accumulation
Risk=Exposure*VulnerabilityRisk=Exposure*Vulnerability
Flood Exposure VulnerabilityUrban areas
Case 1 Case 2
Breakout Group Discussions
Vulnerability assessment: Develop your own weighting system that adds to 100. These are
your layers:• population density• renters• females• female households with at least one child• Hispanic households• children younger than 5 years old• children between 5 and 17 years old• population over 65 years old
Discuss results in class
Mapping and visualization
GIS in weather and society
GIS is a useful tool to study problems when people matter
GIS is a useful tool for integrative research
Ongoing research in Atmo-GIS offers new potentials