GIS Applications. Outline One day in life with GIS Science, geography and applications Applied...
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Transcript of GIS Applications. Outline One day in life with GIS Science, geography and applications Applied...
GIS Applications
Outline
One day in life with GISScience, geography and applicationsApplied problem solvingKey example applications
GovernmentBusiness and service planningLogisticsEnvironment
A Day of Life with GISActivity GIS Application
Alarm goes off Electricity asset management
Shower Hydraulic model predicts water usage
Mail Target consumer marketing
Partner’s Work Teach GIS
School transport School bus route optimization
A Day of Life with GIS (2)
Activity GIS Application
Train to work Real time traffic monitoring
Read newspaper Sustainable forestry
Work City GIS Manager
Lunch Precision agriculture
Shopping Target consumer marketing
Public participation On-line collaboration
GIS Interest is RisingApplications via InternetPrice reductionsGreater awarenessImproved ease of useBetter technologyProliferation of dataCommercial software packagesReal applicationsProven cost:benefit cases
Applied Problem Solving Goals
Rational resource allocationMonitoring spatial distributionsUnderstanding the importance of placeUnderstanding processesPrescription of strategies for maintenance and conservation
Five Ms of Applied GIS
MappingMeasuringMonitoringModelingManaging
Roger’s Diffusion Model
Innovators – risk takersEarly Adopters – opinion formersEarly Majority – peers followers Late Majority – mass market trend followers Laggards – oriented to the past
Local Government
Major user of GIS70-80% of local government tasks are geographically-related
Many applications, e.g.Asset inventoriesTransportation planningLand managementEconomic developmentElectionsPublic health delivery
Tax Assessment
Raising revenue from property taxes
Maintain property registerEvaluate land/property value fairlyDeal with public enquiries and complaints
Assign value to property based onCost of replacementIncome if rentedMarket comparison with recent sales
Business and Service Planning
Application of GIS to retail market decision makingGIS has been applied at all scales
Operational – processing day-to-day transactions (e.g. delivery vehicle routing)Tactical – allocation of resources to short-term (weekly) problems (e.g. target marketing promotional campaigns)Strategic – longer term goals and missions (e.g. store location planning)
Geo-demographic profile analysis for business and service planning
Logistics
Many applications of GIS in transportation and logistics, e.g.
Infrastructure maintenanceTravel planningRoutingVehicle tracking
Two componentsStatic – infrastructureDynamic - vehicles
Planning for Emergency Evacuation
Major natural and human-induced events may necessitate area evacuationsGIS can be used to create effective evacuation vulnerability maps based on
Distribution of populationStreet map
Model demand and impact of bottlenecks on speed of evacuation using standard GIS network tools
Adjacency, connectivity, shortest path network calculation
Evacuation vulnerability map of the area of Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Environment
Many environmental applications of GIS
Natural resource inventoryEnvironmental remediationSustainable developmentPrecision agricultureNatural hazard mitigationEnvironmental impact analysis
Impact of urban sprawl
Summary
GIS is fundamentally a problem-solving scienceMany application of GIS across a very wide range of areasUnderstanding the science behind applications will help
Interpretation of resultsUnderstanding the weight that results carry